Giant fescue

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Giant fescue
Giant fescue (Festuca gigantea) (in the illustration on the right, Festuca varia is shown on the left)

Giant fescue ( Festuca gigantea ) (in the illustration on the right, Festuca varia is shown on the left )

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Genre : Fescue ( festuca )
Type : Giant fescue
Scientific name
Festuca gigantea
( L. ) Vill.

The giant fescue ( Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill .; Syn .: Lolium giganteum (L.) Darbysh. ), Also known as brook wheat , is a plant species within the sweet grass family (Poaceae). This forest grass is widespread in Eurasia and Africa and is noticeable for its size.

description

inflorescence

The giant fescue is a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant . It grows clump-like and does not form runners . The stalks, which are up to 2 meters high, rise arching from the bottom. They are unbranched and have two to five brownish-reddish colored nodes .

The alternate leaves are divided into leaf sheath and leaf blade. The leaf sheaths, which are bare and rough at the edges, are open and rounded on the back. The uppermost leaf sheath envelops the stalk up to the base of the flower panicle. The ligule is up to 2 millimeters long. It is trimmed and has large, pointed, claw-like auricles at the mouth. The arching overhanging basal and stem leaves are flat, up to 60 centimeters long and 5 to 15 millimeters wide. They are gray-green on the top and sometimes rough, on the underside dark green, shiny and mostly smooth.

The all-round panicle inflorescence is up to 40 centimeters long. The panicle branches are always in pairs on the rough panicle axis, whereby the shorter usually carries several spikelets . The panicle branches are initially wide, almost horizontal, later they hang over limply. The loosely three- to ten-flowered spikelets are narrow-lanceolate with a length of 10 to 15 millimeters. The glumes are linear and acuminate with a length of about 8 millimeters. The lemmas are lanceolate with a length of about 9 millimeters. They are finely rough, rounded on the back and five-nerved. They carry a straight or slightly twisted awn up to 20 millimeters long . The palea are coarsely keeled. The stamens are about 2.5 to 3 millimeters long.

The flowering time of the giant fescue extends from July to August.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 42.

Occurrence

The giant fescue is native to Europe and Asia to China and on Bioko in Africa.

It grows in damp forests, especially in oak , beech and mixed deciduous forests, on forest paths and clearings. It prefers moist to wet clay soils rich in nutrients and bases . It grows mainly along the watercourses in alluvial forests, as their association character it is considered (Alno-Ulmion). In the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria, it rises between Trifthütte and Speicherhütte north of Warth (Vorarlberg) up to 1700 m above sea level.

literature

  • J. Grau, B. Kremer, BM Möseler, G. Rambold & D. Triebel: Grasses. Mosaik Verlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-576-10702-9 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 7th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • CE Hubbard: Grasses - Description, Distribution, Uses. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1985. ISBN 3-8001-2537-4 .
  • E. Klapp & WO v. Boberfeld: Pocket book of grasses. Recognition, determination, location and socialization, evaluation and use. Paul Parey Publishing House, Berlin, Hamburg, 1990. ISBN 3-489-72710-X

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Giant Fescue. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 151. ( online ).
  3. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 208.
  4. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Festuca gigantea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  5. ↑ Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Our grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes. , Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, 12th edition, 2011, ISBN 978-3-440-12573-1
  6. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 197.

Web links

Commons : Giant Fescue ( Festuca gigantea )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files