Fingergrass

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Fingergrass
Digitaria violascens

Digitaria violascens

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Panicoideae
Genre : Fingergrass
Scientific name
Digitaria
Haller

The fingergrass ( Digitaria ) are a genus of plants within the sweet grass family (Poaceae).

description

Illustration of Digitaria cognata
Illustration from Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles. of Digitaria insularis

Vegetative characteristics

The finger millet species are annual or perennial herbaceous plants . The upright or kneeling stalks often form roots at their lower nodes .

The alternate arranged on the stalk leaves are divided into leaf sheath and blade. The leaf sheaths are open to the base and lie close to the stem. The ligule is a membranous border. The leaf blades are flat, at their base they sometimes have stem-encompassing ears. In the bud position , the leaves are usually rolled up.

Generative characteristics

The paniculate inflorescence is composed of two to ten racemose partial inflorescences , which are arranged like fingers at the end of the stem. The grapes (false ears) are narrow-linear with a width of only 2 to 4 millimeters. The panicle main axis is shorter than the individual false ears. The spikelets are double-flowered, the lower florets being sterile and the upper one being hermaphroditic. The spikelets are compressed from the back, have no awn and stand individually or in pairs next to each other on two edges of the mostly triangular grape axis. The spikelets are stalked of different lengths and fall off as a whole at maturity. The lower glume is reduced and turned away from the grape axis, it can also be completely absent. The upper glume is three to seven-veined, membranous and hairy between the nerves. The lemma of the sterile florets is three to eleven-veined and of the same length as the spikelet, of the hermaphrodite florets almost as long as the spikelet, smooth, glabrous and with broad skin margins. The palea is small and scale-shaped to absent in the sterile florets; in the hermaphrodite florets it has two veins and is of the same length as the lemma. There are three stamens protruding from the side of the flower. The ovary is bald and has two terminal styles with densely feathery scars .

The caryopses are approximately as long as the lemma. The navel is punctiform and basal.

Systematics

The genus Digitaria was established by Albrecht von Haller in 1768 . The generic name Digitaria is derived from the Latin word digitus for finger and, like the German-speaking common name, refers to the finger-shaped partial inflorescences. Synonyms for Digitaria Haller nom. cons. are: Digitaria Heist. ex manufacture nom. rej., Valota Adans. nom. rej., Sanguinella same nom. inval., Elytroblepharum (Steud.) Schltdl. , Eriachne Phil. Nom. illeg., Sanguinaria Bubani nom. superfl., Syntherisma Walter , Acicarpa Raddi , Trichachne Nees , Gramerium Desv. , Elytroblepharum (Steud.) Schltdl. , Leptoloma Chase , Megaloprotachne C.E. Hubb . , Digitariopsis C.E. Hubb. , Digitariella De Winter .

The genus Digitaria belongs to the tribe Paniceae in the subfamily Panicoideae within the family Poaceae . The genus Digitaria is divided into four sub-genera and about 23 sections.

Of the approximately 260 species, only three are native to Europe. Some more species in Europe neophytes. In Central Europe the blood-red foxglove ( Digitaria sanguinalis ) and thread foxglove ( Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl. ) Occur. The smooth husk finger millet ( Digitaria ciliaris ) is a neophyte in southern Europe, the occurrences in Carinthia, Styria and South Tyrol are inconsistent.

Habit of Digitaria brownii in the habitat
Habit of the smooth-husk finger millet ( Digitaria ciliaris )
Habitus of Digitaria coenicola in the habitat
Inflorescence of Digitaria compacta
Habit of Digitaria ctenantha in the habitat
Habitus of Digitaria didactyla in the habitat
Habitus of Digitaria divaricatissima
Habitus of Digitaria eriantha in the habitat
Cut fonio millet ( Digitaria exilis )
Habitus of Digitaria hystrichoides
Habitus of Digitaria insularis
Habitus of Digitaria ischaemum
Habit of Digitaria parviflora
Blood-red foxglove ( Digitaria sanguinalis )
Blood-red foxglove knots ( Digitaria sanguinalis )
Ligule of blood-red foxglove ( Digitaria sanguinalis )
Inflorescence of Digitaria sanguinalis subsp. sanguinalis
Sections of inflorescences with spikelets of Digitaria sanguinalis subsp. sanguinalis
Habit of Digitaria ramularis
Habit of Digitaria ternata

There are 220 to 330 species of Digitaria :

use

Some species, such as the Fonio millet ( Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf ) and Iburu ( Digitaria iburua Stapf ) are grown regionally as grain in Africa.

literature

  • Andrea S. Vega, Gabriel H. Rua, Liliana T. Fabbri, Zulma E. Rúgolo de Agrasar: A morphology-based cladistic analysis of Digitaria (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae). In: Systematic Botany , Volume 34, Issue 2, 2009, pp. 312-323. doi : 10.1600 / 036364409788606325
  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Digitaria. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 10, 2020.
  2. ^ Digitaria at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed March 10, 2020.
  3. ↑ a b c Julia Mariela Lo Medico, Daniela Sandra Tosto, Gabriel Hugo Rua, Zulma Esther Rúgolo de Agrasar, Maria Amalia Scataglini, Andrea Susana Vega: Phylogeny of Digitaria Sections Trichachne and Trichophorae (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae): A Morphological and Molecular Analysis. New Circumscription and Synopsis. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 42, Issue 1, March 2017, pp. 37-53. doi : 10.1600 / 036364417X694908
  4. ^ A b c Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  5. ↑ Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
  6. ^ Lost Crops of Africa .

Web links

Commons : Fingergrass ( Digitaria )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files