Ship in a bottle
A Buddelschiff (North German also Buddelschipp ), also known as bottle ship or ship in a bottle known is the mostly hand-made model of a ship , very often of a sailing ship in a glass bottle.
The masts and the rigging of the ship are folded up when they are inserted into the bottle and are subsequently brought into their final position with instruments from the outside.
history
In the Allgäu and the Ore Mountains, model-like representations in bottles have been known for around 300 years , the patience bottle , also known as a dish. It is assumed that an Ore Mountain resident went to sea, watched his colleagues build ship models and began to use this motif in the art of the bottle of patience. This cannot be proven, because the oldest known nautical works of art (ships in bottles) are not much older than a hundred years.
Regardless of this, a bottle-ship culture of high quality by today's standards developed towards the end of the 18th century. The professional model builders of the shipyards put the miniature models of their ships in the bottle in undreamt-of perfection, a "price class" gift from the king to the admiral. Such a masterpiece can be seen in the Holstentor Museum Lübeck.
The great times of shipbuilding in bottles were the middle and second half of the 19th century. Some precious pieces are now kept in almost all maritime museums in the world. This time was identical to the time of the tall ships, whose journeys led to the Empire of China , Australia , Chile and back to meet the European needs for tea , wool , saltpeter and other goods. On each of these long voyages, the sailors passed fair weather zones, in which the ships mostly made good journeys, were relatively calm in the sea and sailing maneuvers were rare. What was offered there was the manufacture of nautical objects from materials that were within reach. For example, wood , all kinds of yarn and rope , on the whaling ships teeth from the whale and bone , with which many could be prepared: decorative structure with which the sailor could decorate his ship.
The most popular hobby at that time was certainly shipbuilding in a bottle. They were built on almost every ship, although of course not every seaman was able to do the finest manual work. For a long time there was something of a secret about shipbuilding in a bottle. So the old sailor's nonsense , according to which there should be a liquid that makes the hand so supple that it can slide effortlessly through the narrow neck of an empty rum or Köm bottle, in order to then build the miracle of the small model in the belly of the bottle, already existed found many a devout audience.
construction
For reasons of style, the bottle is usually a clear, smooth liquor bottle of the usual size (mostly 0.7 l to 1.0 l, but also up to 5.0 l catering size or a "hip flask") or a clear pharmacist bottle Size used. Art or designer bottles are also used. The diameter of the bottle neck opening in serious models is no more than a quarter to a third of the diameter of a bottle with a circular cross-section or the length of the side or the diagonal of a bottle with a four-sided cross-section.
The hull is made of solid wood, the masts are usually made of standard round wooden rods, the rigging is made of yarn and the sails are usually made of paper. The use of original materials (possibly metal for the hull and spars , fabric for the sails) is not very widespread because of the inadequate workability and the unauthentic look due to the scale.
- Classic "wind-up" technique
The ship in a bottle is built outside of the bottle, but equipped with folding masts and movable spars.
The rigging is attached to the hull and masts or guided through holes provided for this in the masts, spars and hull at appropriate points so that the masts can be folded backwards. The individual threads have such a length that they will later protrude from the bottle in order to be able to pull the masts up on them again. For tilting, the masts have a joint, mostly made of wire, on the foot.
The finished ship model is brought into the bottle with special pliers with the stern first and with masts and spars resting on the hull through the neck of the bottle and there placed and fixed on a prefabricated colored mass that is supposed to represent the sea (mostly putty). Now the masts with the threads are erected again, the threads are glued to the holes in the ship model, cut off with a special tool on the ship model and finally the bottle is sealed.
- Disassembly of finished models
The model is completely built outside of the bottle. Then it is cut into pieces that fit through the bottle opening and glued back together inside the bottle. This technique can also be used to build models with hulls that are considerably larger than the neck diameter. The trick here is to cut up the model and glue it back together in the bottle so that this "destruction" is no longer visible.
- PHS
Another technique is “PHS”, which means “Perfect Hair System”, because hair is used as “threads” for the rigging. The ship will initially be completed outside the bottle. Then the masts are removed from the hull individually, but with the rigging and sails. Next the hull is inserted, then the masts one at a time from back to front. This technique allows a much more detailed representation of the ship, because finer materials can be used.
This technology was invented between 1975 and 1985 by the Danish ship-in-a-bottle master Paul Hass, then developed further to series production in cooperation with the company Buddel-Bini Hamburg. Nowadays it represents the highest quality standard for commercially manufactured ships in bottles.
- Various
Other techniques work, among other things, with masts that can be swiveled in all directions by means of a ball joint on the foot or with rubber threads as rigging. Another inappropriate practice is to put a finished ship in a bottomless bottle and add the bottom afterwards. The seam must then be concealed, for example with a cord.
Details
Depending on the model and scale selected, a ship in a bottle usually has the following details in the correct proportions:
- Hull: bow and stern shape, coloring, possibly portholes, waterline
- Deck: bulwark , deck jump , level differences, superstructures, lifeboats and other dinghies with davits , stairs, railing
- Spars: lower masts, stanchions , possibly Mars, yards, trees, gaffs, bowsprit (jib boom)
- Rigging : Stage , shrouds , guys , bream , toppnanten
- Sails: All square and square sails set according to the scene shown
- Environment: At sea the water; in the harbor the water and quay walls, houses, lighthouses, windmills and landscape
- Background: Some ships in bottles have a two-dimensional background painted on the inside of the bottle opposite the intended viewing direction, which mostly represents the sky or land and is intended to simulate the effect of depth.
Model choice
According to the history of the development of ships in bottles, mostly sailors from the 19th and 20th centuries are depicted, either only certain types of ships or replicas of certain, often important ships.
- The most important types of ship: (gaff) schooner (two to seven masts), brigantine , brig , barque , full ship , the latter two also with four or five masts.
- Often depicted ships:
- Prussia (only five-masted full ship), Gorch Fock from 1933 or from 1958 (German training ship), Thomas W. Lawson (only seven-mastedschooner)
- Four-masted barques of the famous Flying P-Liner of the shipping company Laeisz, such as B. Beijing, Pamir, Padua, Passat and Priwall.
variants
To increase the level of difficulty, occasional deviations in the arrangement of the model in the bottle were chosen. The model can be brought into the bottle with the bow first and fastened in this position, which usually requires a pulley or something similar to erect the masts, as these are usually still rearward due to the aft, mostly pre-installed shrouds and must therefore be set up against the direction of pull.
The model can also be rotated 90 ° and attached to the floor so that the bottle neck later points upwards. Models with the bottle neck down were also implemented.
There are also full models that show the ship not only with parts shown above the water level, but including the underwater hull, with no sea being shown, but the ship being placed on a base in the bottle.
Trivia
The large ship in a bottle by the Nigerian-British artist Yinka Shonibare Nelson’s Ship in a Bottle , which stood on the fourth plinth in Trafalgar Square in London from May 24, 2010 to January 30, 2012 , was bought by the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich and is now seen there.
literature
- D. Hubbard: Bottle Ships, How To Make Them . Delius-Klasing, Bielefeld 1971, ISBN 3-7688-0168-3 .
- RH Biggs: The ship in a bottle . Jade-Verlag, Wilhelmshaven 1973.
- P. Carstensen: The perfect ship builder in a bottle . Gerhard Stalling Verlag, Oldenburg 1974, ISBN 3-7979-1831-3 .
- J. Binikowski: How does the ship in the bottle . Self-published, 1977.
- AE Höpfner: Ship in a bottle model making, one-master . Prechtel Verlag, Weißenburg 1978, ISBN 3-88262-015-3 .
- E. Koch: Ships in a bottle . Frech Verlag, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-7724-0322-0 .
- J. Binikowski: Bottle and Ship - Ship in a Bottle . Christopherus-Verlag, Freiburg 1979, ISBN 3-419-52443-9 .
- J. Lammer: Small world in a bottle . Otto Maier Verlag, Ravensburg 1979, ISBN 3-473-43001-3 .
- H. Scheuer: Watched and helped build 4 . Falken-Verlag, Niedernhausen 1979, ISBN 3-8068-5093-3 .
- H. Pegge: This is how a ship in a bottle is created . Franck'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1980, ISBN 3-440-04845-4 .
- P. Brückner: The happy ship in a bottle . Koelers Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford 1981, ISBN 3-7822-0240-6 .
- AE Höpfner: Ship in a bottle model making, barges . HM Hauschild, Bremen 1981, ISBN 3-920699-35-1 .
- J. van Schouten: Trapped in glass . Delius-Klasing, Bielefeld 1981, ISBN 3-7688-0371-6 .
- P. Brückner: Do it yourself . Moby Dick Verlag, Kiel 1983.
- H. Lawrenz: The laughing ship in a bottle . 1989.
- J. Needham: Ship in a bottle miniatures . Delius-Klasing, Bielefeld 1989, ISBN 3-7688-0637-5 .
- A. Bielert: From the original to the ship in a bottle . Bernard & Graefe, Koblenz 1990, ISBN 3-7637-5867-4 .
- R. Jacobi: ships in bottles . Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock 1992, ISBN 3-356-00426-3 .
- GG Herrling: Bottle ship building instructions for practice . Delius-Klasing, Bielefeld 1994.
- Hille & Young: Handbook for shipbuilding in a bottle . Delius-Klasing, Bielefeld 1995, ISBN 3-7688-0857-2 .
- I.Darrigrand, P.Leger: Crafts of the seamen . Delius-Klasing, Bielefeld 1996, ISBN 3-7688-0954-4 .
- Peter Hille: Handbook of shipbuilding in a bottle . Delius-Klasing, Bielefeld 2006, ISBN 3-7688-1748-2 .
- AM Dunaiski: The secret of building a ship in a bottle - self-published.
Web links
- Building description
- Building instruction bottle ship
- Bottle ship museum Neuharlingersiel
- Bottle ship museum Hamburg , until 2012 in the basement of the Schulau ferry house Wedel / Elbe, with commented photo galleries on special exhibits from around 1900
- Model examples
See also
- List of nautical terms (A to M) , list of nautical terms (N to Z)
- Bottle of patience
- Flying P-Liner of the shipping company F. Laeisz, such as B. the Peking, are templates for many models
- Drinking ship
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry in the Brockhaus Lexicon Entry in the Brockhaus