Beijing (ship)

Beijing

The Beijing 2020 in Wewelsfleth

Ship data flag  German Empire United Kingdom United States Germany       other ship names Arethusa Ship type Freighter Callsign RQTD home port Hamburg Owner Hamburg Historical Museums Foundation Shipping company F. Laeisz , Hamburg Shipyard Blohm & Voss , Hamburg building-costs 680,000 marks (corresponds to EUR 3.8 million adjusted for inflation) Launch February 25, 1911 Commissioning May 16, 1911 Whereabouts Restoration in Wewelsfleth , since September 7, 2020 in Hamburg

Ship dimensions and crew length 115.00 m ( Lüa ) 96.01 m ( Lpp ) width 14.40 m Side height 8.60 m Draft Max. 7.24 m displacement 6280  t measurement 3100 BRT , 2,883 NRT from 1926: 3191 BRT / 2851 NRT   crew 31 men + 43 maritime officer candidates

Rigging and rigging Rigging Barque Number of masts 4th Number of sails 32 Sail area 4100 m² Speed under sail Max. 17 kn (31 km / h)

Transport capacities Load capacity 4704 dw

The Peking is a four-masted steel barque and was one of the famous Flying P liners operated by the F. Laeisz shipping company . Like three quarters of the sailing ships of this shipping company from 1877 onwards, it was given a name starting with "P", analogous to the nickname Pudel by Sophie Laeisz, wife of Carl Laeisz .

history

The Peking in a painting

In 1909 the Laeisz shipping company ordered the Peking , together with the later Passat . The four-masted barque ran on 25 February 1911 at the Hamburg shipyard Blohm & Voss from the stack . The construction costs amounted to 680,000 gold marks . The Peking was designed as a cargo ship for the transport of Chile nitrate . On June 22, 1911, she sailed under Captain J. H. Hinrich Nissen on her maiden voyage . He had already commanded the five - mast full- rigged ship Preussen . Her destination was Valparaíso (Chile), where she arrived on September 14th.

Since the Peking had no auxiliary engines, it had to rely on tug assistance when entering and leaving Hamburg, as well as during storms in the English Channel . With full sails she was faster than steamships of that time.

On January 28, 1912 she was back in Hamburg. Captain Nissen received an acquittal in the maritime office proceedings for an accident resulting in the death of a sailor and then led the Peking three times on the Hamburg-Antwerp-Chile route from November 30th until she arrived in Valparaíso in August 1914 with the beginning of the First World War like eight other cargo sailors von Laeisz and 40 other German ships were interned . After the end of the war, Caleta Coloso (Chile) was returned to London under the command of Captain H. Oellrich (October 6, 1919 - January 21, 1920). On May 10, 1921, the ship went to Italy as reparation , but where it was not used for the four-masted barque. Since the sailing ships for the transfer voyage were allowed to be loaded with the saltpeter urgently needed in Europe and the saltpetre freights brought high profits, most of the sailing ships could be bought back. It was organized by the German Sailing Office . F. Laeisz succeeded in buying the Peking on January 11, 1923 for 8,500  pounds , which, adjusted for inflation, would be 486,000 pounds today. On January 25, she arrived from London under Captain Albrecht, probably with the help of the sea tug Fairplay XIV , in Cuxhaven. She ran out on April 23, 1923 under Captain Oellrich to Valparaiso. In the years that followed, the Peking operated the Hamburg– Talcahuano route . After two voyages under Captain Oellrich (1925) and then Captain Hermann Piening (1926), the Peking was converted into a combined cargo and training ship. In 1928 and 1929, the four-masted barque made two trips to Talcahuano under the command of Captain Jürgen Jürs. Her last voyage under the flag of F. Laeisz took the Peking in 1931/1932 under Captain Hans Rohwer to Valparaíso and then from Taltal (Chile) to Santander ( Spain ).

F. Laeisz sold after 20 South America cruises the ship in 1932 due to the global economic crisis at the Shaftesbury Homes and Arethuse Training Ship, London. She was converted into a stationary training ship, renamed Arethusa (after its predecessor of the same name from the 19th century) and soon afterwards moved to Upnor near Rochester , Kent , and anchored on the Medway . The yards were removed except for three on the foremast , the hull provided with a porting strap . In 1940, the bark of which was Royal Navy drafted as accommodation, again in Beijing renamed and at Chatham Dockyard, Kent, launched . After the Second World War it came to the previous owner and was given the name Arethusa back.

In 1964 the Arethusa was the filming location for the Miss-Marple - crime thriller Killer ahoy! and can be seen in it under the name HMS Battledore .

The Beijing 2010 in New York

On October 31, 1974, the four-masted barque was auctioned off to the J. Aron Charitable Foundation. From July 5 to July 22, 1975, the hull of the Peking was towed from Blackwall , London, to New York by the Dutch sea ​​tug Utrecht . There it was re-rigged true to the original. With the inscription "Beijing" and home port "Hamburg" it was on the pier of the South Street Seaport Museum in New York .

In October 2012 it became known that there was no longer any space in the New York harbor for the now completely ailing Beijing . The museum agreed to give the ship away, but a floating transfer of the Peking to another port was not possible without extensive repairs.

On November 12, 2015, the budget committee of the German Bundestag decided to have the Beijing fetched back and restored for the Hamburg Harbor Museum, which is currently under construction . The Bundestag provided 26 million euros for this. The Peking was bought for 100 dollars . According to other sources, two Hamburg members of the Bundestag budget committee succeeded in obtaining the allocation of 120 million euros for the Hanseatic city's cultural budget in 2015. Of this, 20 million euros were calculated for the renovation of the Beijing . The Hamburg Maritime Foundation became the owner of the ship for political reasons . In May 2016 she received the order for the retrieval and professional restoration . As a result, the Peking was prepared for the transfer in September 2016 at the Caddell shipyard on Staten Island . The transport across the Atlantic with the dock ship Combi Dock III began on July 19, 2017. On July 30, 2017 the Combi Dock III with the Peking arrived in Brunsbüttel, on August 2, 2017 the Beijing was transferred to the Peters shipyard. Here the ship - with interruptions - was refurbished and handed over to the Hamburg Historical Museums Foundation in May 2020 . On September 7, 2020, the Peking was transferred to Hamburg . Your future berth will probably be on Kleiner Grasbrook . The German Harbor Museum is to be built there from 2023 .

The Peking in the dock ship in Brunsbüttel

In front of the Peters-Werft, masts are dismantled

Emergency steering position at the stern of the Peking

Sail designation of the four-masted barque Peking

restoration

From August 2, 2017, the Peking was on the quay of the Peters shipyard in Wewelsfleth to dismantle the rigging, pull the masts and remove the wooden deck . Afterwards verholte the ship with tug assistance in the covered dry dock to carry out the work on the hull. Most of the restoration work was carried out at the Peters shipyard. and on June 24, 2019, the dry dock was left with the masts set again. As of January 2020, the costs amounted to 38 million euros. The reason given for the high cost increase was the dismantling of the concrete subdivision in the cargo hold, the contamination with asbestos cladding and lead in the paints.

Ship data

• Construction : hull made of steel (riveted) as a three-island ship with back , poop and midship island
• Rig : Standard rig, four-masted barque: double Mars and Bramrahen , Royals ; Mizzen mast as a pole mast (bottom mast and stalk one piece) with two gaffs
• Number of decks : 2 continuous decks, stern, poop and midship deck
• other shipping companies: Shaftesbury Homes & Arethusa Training Ship (1940), British Admiralty (1940–1945, drafted), Southstreet Seaport Museum (1974)
• Figurehead : no, Krulle ( volute )
• Hull length : 106 m ( Galion stern)
• Length on deck (LaD) : 98.22 m
• Length in the swimming water line (KWL) : 87 m
• Room depth : 8.08 m
• Displacement : about 6,280 t (ship mass (~ 1,500 t) + cargo (4,775 t))
• Sail area : 4,100 m² (34 sails: 18 square sails in six floors on three masts, 9 stay sails, 4 headsails, three besanes )
• Mast height: 62 m (above keel ); 51 m (above deck); 54 m above the waterline
• Auxiliary machine : none
• Captains : Jochim Hans Hinrich Nissen, August Oetzmann, Heinrich Oellrich, Hermann Piening, Max Jürgen Heinrich Jürs, Hans Rohwer

Sister ships

• Passat (1911), museum ship in Lübeck-Travemünde

Both four-masted barques mentioned below were sister ships to each other, but in the narrower sense none of the Peking / Passat , as they did not come from one series (see: " Sister ship ", Passat ) .

• Pola (construction number 233 at Blohm & Voss)
• Priwall (construction number 234 at Blohm & Voss)
• (Contract for construction number 235 canceled by Laeisz on May 27, 1915.)

Four other ships were not really sister ships , but had only slightly different dimensions (see Passat ), which is why the ships were also referred to as "The Eight Sisters". The Pamir , built in 1905, sank in a hurricane in 1957 .

Other four-masted barques that have been preserved are the museum ships Viking in the Gothenburg harbor and Pommern in Mariehamn, Finland on the Åland Islands, as well as the two ships still in service under the Russian flag, Kruzenshtern and Sedov .

See also

• Saltpeter ride
• Saltpeter War

literature

• Carsten Petersen, Morten Planer: With the Beijing around Cape Horn: Irving Johnson's diary & Laiesz captain Jürgen Juer's biography . Oceanum-Verlag, Wiefelstede 2018, 2nd edition 2020, ISBN 3-86927-552-9
• Hans Jörg Furrer: The four- and five-mast square sailors in the world . Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford 1984, ISBN 3-7822-0341-0 , pp. 133, 163.
• Peter Klingbeil: Flying P-Liner - The sailing ships of the shipping company F. Laeisz . Verlag "Die Hanse", Hamburg, 1998. 2nd edition 2000, ISBN 3-434-52562-9 .
• Andreas Gondesen: The last Flying P-Liner - Pamir, Passat, their sisters and half-sisters built between 1902 and 1926 . Oceanum-Verlag, Wiefelstede 2010. 2nd edition 2011, ISBN 978-3-86927-069-2 .
• Harald Focke / Tobias Gerken (eds.): The PEKING . OCEANUM. The maritime magazine special. ISBN 978-3-86927-605-2 .
• Matthias Gretzschel : Beijing - the fate and rebirth of a legendary Hamburg sailing ship. Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamburg 2020, ISBN 978-3-7822-1310-3 .

Movie

• A legend comes home - the story of the "Beijing" NDR documentary, speaker Volker Lechtenbrink , broadcast on September 8, 2020 (45 min.)

Web links

Commons : Beijing  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Friends of the four-masted barque Peking eV
• The four-masted barque Beijing - private fansite
• Profile of Beijing on bruzelius.info (English)
• Profile of Beijing on esys.org
• Beijing sailing ship arrives in Hamburg on YouTube
• Expensive nostalgia for Deutschlandfunk Kultur
• Video about Hamburg's new landmark This is what it looks like on the "Peking" (December 2019)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Company history 1926
2. ↑ Norbert Höfler scrap ahoy! The resurrection of the "Peking" , stern no. 21/2020, p. 52 ff
3. ↑ Berliner Börsenzeitung, 23-12-1909, p. 9: "Beijing": ordered by Laeisz. In: http://www.rottbank.org/sonst/peking/PEKING.html . Dieter Merges, accessed December 7, 2018 . 
4. ↑ Hamburg Correspondent and New Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall, 26-02-1911, p. 10: "Beijing": Launched. In: http://www.rottbank.org/sonst/peking/PEKING.html . Dieter Merges, accessed December 7, 2018 . 
5. ↑ Hamburg Correspondent and New Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall, 23-06-1911, p. 21: “Beijing”: start of the maiden voyage. In: http://www.rottbank.org/sonst/peking/PEKING.html . Dieter Merges, accessed December 7, 2018 . 
6. ↑ Hamburg Correspondent and New Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall, 27-06-1911, p. 40: "Beijing": Dover happens. In: http://www.rottbank.org/sonst/peking/PEKING.html . Dieter Merges, accessed December 7, 2018 . 
7. ↑ Neue Hamburger Zeitung, 20-09-1911, page 7: "Beijing": Arrival in Valparaiso. In: http://www.rottbank.org/sonst/peking/PEKING.html . Dieter Merges, accessed December 7, 2018 . 
8. ↑ Norbert Höfler scrap ahoy! The resurrection of the "Peking" , stern no. 21/2020, p. 52 ff
9. ↑ Hamburger Anzeiger, 28-01-1912, p. 2: "Beijing": back in Hamburg. In: http://www.rottbank.org/sonst/peking/PEKING.html . Dieter Merges, accessed December 7, 2018 . 
10. ↑ Neue Hamburger Zeitung, 07-02-1912, p. 3: On the death of the sailor Reitzke. In: http://www.rottbank.org/sonst/peking/P0EKING.html . Dieter Merges, accessed December 7, 2018 . 
11. ^ Börsen-Halle / from 1905: Hamburg Correspondent and new Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall: Arrival of the "Peking". In: http://www.rottbank.org/sonst/peking/PEKING.html . Dieter Merges, accessed December 10, 2018 . 
12. ^ Börsen-Halle / from 1905: Hamburg Correspondent and new Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall: to buy back the "Peking". In: http://www.rottbank.org/sonst/peking/PEKING.html . Dieter Merges, accessed December 10, 2018 . 
13. ↑ Stock Exchange Hall / from 1905: Hamburg Correspondent and new Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall: back to Valparaiso (1923). In: http://www.rottbank.org/sonst/peking/PEKING.html . Dieter Merges, accessed December 10, 2018 . 
14. ^ Börsen-Halle / from 1905: Hamburg Correspondent and new Hamburg stock exchange hall: under Captain Oellrich in 1923 to Valparaiso. In: http://www.rottbank.org/sonst/peking/PEKING.html . Dieter Merges, accessed December 10, 2018 . 
15. ^ H. Piening. Retrieved December 25, 2018 . 
16. ↑ Pictures Arethusa (ex Beijing ) , accessed June 14, 2016.
17. ↑ Christine Hieber: The PEKING as ARETHUSA. In: peking-freunde.de. Retrieved October 2, 2019 . 
18. ↑ Who will save the "Peking"? In: Lübecker Nachrichten . October 13, 2012, accessed December 18, 2015 .  
19. ↑ ^{a b} Museum ship Beijing: “De Hamborger Veermaster” returns. Hanseatic City of Hamburg , accessed on December 18, 2015 .  
20. ↑ Federal government gives millions for the Hamburg harbor museum. NDR , November 12, 2015, accessed on December 18, 2015 (with picture gallery of the current status).  
21. ↑ Legendary Hamburg four-master: The "Peking". NDR 90.3 , August 9, 2016, accessed November 8, 2016 .  
22. ↑ Norbert Höfler scrap ahoy! The resurrection of the "Peking" , stern no. 21/2020, p. 52 ff
23. ↑ After the financial disaster with the Elbphilharmonie , Hamburg's politicians sought a solution that was “unrelated to politics”.
24. ^ "Beijing" set out for the last big trip , NDR from July 20, 2017, accessed on July 20, 2017.
25. ↑ Timo Jann: "Beijing" officially handed over . In: Daily port report from May 18, 2020, p. 1
26. ↑ Stefan Kruecken: The "Peking" is coming home. September 7, 2020, accessed September 7, 2020 . 
27. ↑ NDR: Hafenmuseum: “Beijing” comes to Grasbrook. Accessed May 31, 2019 . 
28. ↑ Volker Mehmel: From New York to Brunsbüttel: Restoration in Wewelsfleth: The "Peking" comes home on Monday | shz.de. Retrieved May 19, 2020 . 
29. ↑ DER SPIEGEL: Hamburg four-masted barque in New York: Piggyback across the Atlantic - DER SPIEGEL - trip. Retrieved May 19, 2020 . 
30. ↑ SHM is restoring BEIJING. Hamburg Maritim Foundation , May 4, 2016, accessed on November 8, 2016 .  
31. ↑ NDR: four-master “Peking” has water under its keel again. Retrieved May 19, 2020 . 
32. ^ NDR: Restoration of the "Peking" more expensive than previously known. Retrieved May 19, 2020 . 
33. ↑ By Norbert Höfler: The “Peking” - for four years the star accompanied the restoration of a ship legend. May 15, 2020, accessed May 19, 2020 . 
34. ↑ Exclusive time-lapse video: The restoration of the legendary sailing ship "Peking". May 13, 2020, accessed May 19, 2020 . 
35. ↑ The eight sisters. pamir.chez-alice.fr, accessed December 18, 2015 .  
36. ↑ Börsen-Halle / from 1905: Hamburg Correspondent and new Hamburg Exchange Hall :: Laeisz orders three more four-masted barques. Retrieved January 17, 2019 . 
37. ^ Witthöft, Hans Jürgen: Tradition and Progress: 125 Years of Blohm + Voss . Koehler, 2002, ISBN 3-7822-0847-1 , p. 524/525 .