François de L'Hospital

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François de L'Hospital, duc de Rosnay
Coat of arms of the Duc de Rosnay

François de L'Hospital (also L'Hôpital), seigneur du Hallier and de Beynes (1630), comte, then duc de Rosnay (August 1651) and peer of France (* 1583 ; † April 20, 1660 in Paris ) a French military man and aristocrat of the 16th and 17th centuries. He fought under King Louis XIII in the Thirty Years War and was appointed Marshal of France in 1643 .

Life

The youngest son of Louis de L'Hospital and Françoise de Brichanteau, he was the brother of Nicolas de L'Hospital .

His first marriage was Charlotte des Essarts on November 4, 1630 and his second marriage on August 25, 1653 was Françoise Marie Mignot (1624–1711), illegitimate daughter of Pierre de Portes.

Religious functions

Intended for the spiritual class, he was intended as abbot of the monastery of Saint-Germain-des-Prés in Paris and subsequently as bishop of Meaux or of Mans . However, he renounced and preferred a military career.

Military career

He joined the Gendarmes de la garde as an ensign and was promoted to Sous-lieutenant in 1615 . In 1617 he moved to the 2nd company of the Garde du corps du roi and was awarded the Ordre de Saint-Michel in 1619 . Promoted to Maréchal de camp in 1621 , he was appointed Governor of the Bastille. In 1622 he took part in the siege of Royan , the siege of Montpellier and in 1628 in the siege of La Rochelle . In the name of the king he signed the deed of surrender. From 1629 to 1633 he accompanied the Maréchal de Armand Nompar de Caumont on his campaigns in Italy, Lorraine and Languedoc . In the meantime he had been appointed captain-lieutenant of the gendarmes de le garde . He then served in the county of Flanders and in Germany, in 1637 he was appointed lieutenant général . In 1639 he became governor of Lorraine and continued the campaign at the head of the army. He captured and devastated Faulquemont , was defeated at Liffol-le-Grand and was forced to give up the siege of the fortress of La Mothe after the king's death in 1643 .

He was then appointed governor of Champagne and honorary advisor with a seat and vote in parliament.

On April 20, 1643 he was appointed Maréchal de France . In the battle of Rocroi he commanded the left wing of the army under Louis II de Bourbon-Condé . In 1647 he left the Gendarmes de la garde . In 1649 he became military governor of Paris and in 1655 retired entirely from military service. In the same year he was appointed Governor General of Champagne .

He died in Paris on April 20, 1660.

literature

  • Gérard Bieuville, Pierre Perrier: Les Gouverneurs militaires de Paris. Foreword by Pierre Messmer . Ed .: Gouvernement militaire de Paris. Connaissances et mémoires européennes, Paris 1999, ISBN 978-2-919911-24-0 , p. 268 ff.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Title by which he was known in the military.
  2. ^ François de l'Hopital ( Memento of February 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). In: Association Qui qu'en grogne le château de Moyen.
  3. ↑ With that he was practically the commander, since the captain was the king himself.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME L'Hospital, François de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES L'Hôpital, François de; L'Hospital, duc de Rosnay, François de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French nobleman and officer, Marshal of France
DATE OF BIRTH 1583
DATE OF DEATH April 20, 1660
Place of death Paris