François Hennebique
François Hennebique (born April 25, 1842 in Neuville-Saint-Vaast ( Département Pas-de-Calais ), † March 20, 1921 in Paris ) was a French civil engineer and building contractor who was one of the pioneers in the use of iron and steel. Reinforced concrete was. His "System Hennebique" was licensed very successfully across Europe; the licensees in Germany were the construction companies of Max Pommer and Eduard Züblin .
biography
After an apprenticeship as a stonemason in Arras , he went into business for himself in 1867 and in the same year was in charge of the reconstruction of St. Martin in Coutrai . For two decades, until 1887, he worked mainly in Brussels , where he got to know the construction method with steel-reinforced concrete according to the Joseph Monier system .
In 1879 he himself used reinforced concrete for the first time to make an iron skeleton country house fire-proof by encasing the girders with concrete. In his examination of the new technology, he developed an economically very efficient construction of floor slabs as a monolithic system made of reinforced concrete.
In 1892 he opened an international engineering office in Paris and applied for the first patents for reinforced concrete construction based on the "Hennebique system". a. also for the T- beam , which is structurally important for the system , but which was declared invalid because similar solutions had already been found. Regardless of this, the office quickly became very successful and licensed the system to numerous construction companies. It also worked very often with contractors for construction work. In the following years, thousands of reinforced concrete structures were built according to the "Hennebique system".
From 1898, Hennebique published the programmatic newspaper “Le Béton armé”. Hennebique became known to a wide audience at the Paris World Exhibition of 1900 (Exposition Universelle et Internationale de Paris) for his innovative work in reinforced concrete construction .
Buildings
The countless and sometimes very different buildings by the office and its contractors can only rarely be clearly attributed to a particular designer. Well-known structures are:
- Pont Camille-de-Hogues at Châtellerault (1899)
- Immeuble Hennebique (1898–1900) in Paris (1 rue Danton, 6th arrondissement ), which was used by the office itself
- Maison Hennebique in Bourg-la-Reine (1901-03)
- Pont de la Mescla near Malaussène in the canton of Villars-sur-Var (1909)
- Ponte del Risorgimento , Rome (1911)
literature
in alphabetical order by authors / editors
- David P. Billington: The Tower and the Bridge. The new art of civil engineering. Ernst & Sohn , Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-433-03077-6 , pp. 136-138 (original published 1981).
- Gwenaël Delhumeau: Le béton en représentation. La mémoire photographique de l'entreprise Hennebique, 1890–1930. Hazan, Institut français de l'architecture, Paris 1993, ISBN 2-85025-329-4 .
- Alexander Kierdorf: Why Hennebique Failed in Germany. Strategies and Obstacles in the Introduction of a New Construction Technology (PDF). In: Karl-Eugen Kurrer , Werner Lorenz , Volker Wetzk (eds.): Proceedings of the Third International Congress on Construction History . Neunplus, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-936033-31-1 , pp. 897-901
- Karl-Eugen Kurrer: The History of the Theory of Structures. Searching for Equilibrium . Ernst & Sohn , Berlin 2018, pp. 684ff., 962f., 702 u. 772f., ISBN 978-3-433-03229-9 .
- Peter Marti, Orlando Monsch, Birgit Schilling ( eds .): Ingenieur-Betonbau = series of publications by the Society for Engineering 7 = catalog of an exhibition at the ETH 2003. VDF Hochschulverlag AG at the ETH Zurich , Zurich 2005, ISBN 3-7281-2999- 2 , pp. 36-39.
- Douglas McBeth: Francois Hennebique (1842–1921), reinforced concrete pioneer. In: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. May 1998, ISSN 0020-3262 , pp. 86-95.
- Herbert Ricken: The civil engineer. History of an occupation. Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1994. ISBN 3-345-00266-3 , p. 220.
- Ferdinand Werner : The long way to new building. Volume 1: Concrete: 43 men invent the future. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2016, ISBN 978-3-88462-372-5 , pp. 186–206.
Web links
- François Hennebique. In: Structurae
- Old Ballyfabrik (1909) in Dottikon based on the Hennebique system on betonsuisse.ch
- Manoir Hauteroche (1913) in Le Pont ( Canton of Vaud ) by Hennebique on the website of the Society for Civil Engineering
Individual evidence
- ↑ cf. Marti et al .: Ingenieursbetonbau (2005), p. 36; Billington: The Tower and the Bridge (2014), p. 136
- ↑ Different information is given for the time of withdrawal: Marti et al .: Ingenieursbetonbau (2005), p. 36 mentions 1893; Eugen Brühwiler, Clementine van Rooden: Manoir Hauteroche in the Vallée de Joux. In: Peephole 1: 2014 of the Society for Engineering , p. 5, however, cite 1903 ( available online ).
- ↑ Billington (2014), p. 136 gives the number of 7026 buildings by 1902
- ↑ cf. Billington (2014), p. 137
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Hennebique, François |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French civil engineer |
DATE OF BIRTH | April 25, 1842 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Neuville-Saint-Vaast |
DATE OF DEATH | March 20, 1921 |
Place of death | Paris |