František Nožička

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František Nožička (born April 5, 1918 in Reichenberg , Austria-Hungary ; † May 28, 2004 in Prague , Czech Republic) was a Czech mathematician and university professor .

Life

Youth and education

After graduating from high school in Reichenberg in 1937, Nožička began studying mathematics at Charles University in Prague. In 1939, during a demonstration against the German occupation of the Czech territories on the occasion of the Czechoslovak independence day in Prague, the medical student Jan Opletal was shot. Nožička attended Jan Opletal's funeral on November 15, 1939 . For this reason he was arrested by the German fascists and taken to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp . He was held here for three years. After his release he was only allowed to work as an unskilled worker in production. Nožička was only able to finish his studies in 1946 after the end of the Second World War . After completing his studies, Nožička became a research assistant to Václav Hlavatý and Eduard Čech .

In 1949 Nožička received her doctorate with a thesis on the subject of Problém invariantní konexe a normály invariantního směru pro případ holonomního prostoru Xn - 1 v afinním prostoru An . His supervisors were Bohumil Bydžovský and Václav Hlavatý.

Employment

In 1953 Nožička completed his habilitation and became a lecturer at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics at Charles University. He became an associate professor at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics at Charles University and gave lectures on mathematical analysis , differential geometry and differential equations . In 1960 he founded a seminar to study the theory of relativity . In 1960 he was appointed full professor at the Charles University. He had several chairs under himself and founded the Center for Numerical Mathematics at the Charles University.

The political thaw in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s made it possible for Nožička to take up several important positions at the university without becoming a member of the Communist Party . So he became the director of the first computer center and later vice-rector of Charles University. In 1968, with the invasion of the Soviet troops , the thaw ended and Nožička retired from his offices in Prague.

Depending on the source, Nožička was appointed as a visiting professor at the Humboldt University in Berlin in 1966 or 1967 . In an article in the mathematical journal Mathematica Bohemica on Nožička's 80th birthday, it is indicated that Nožička's move to Berlin was connected with the invasion of Soviet troops (1968) and the associated end of the thaw. From this it would follow implicitly that Nožička only went to Berlin in the GDR in 1968 .

Nožička founded the Department of Mathematical Optimization in Berlin . He established a scientific school with a group of mathematicians who studied the theory and methods of parametric linear and nonlinear optimization and the application of these methods in business. He supervised many students who later took on leading positions, not only in Germany and the Czech Republic, but also in other countries such as B. Canada, Cuba, Egypt, Switzerland and Slovakia. During his activity he promoted scientific cooperation with Czech and Slovak scientists. He founded a series of Czech-Slovak-German conferences, which continued after his death.

Research priorities

At first Nožička was interested in theoretical scientific problems. He dealt with differential geometry , relativity , tensor analysis and mechanics . He even wrote a 300-page book on Minkowski rooms , which unfortunately was not published.

With the advancement of computers, his interest switched to applied mathematics. He understood that with the increasing performance of computers, there were possibilities for approximate solving of mathematical problems. This gave rise to the requirement for mathematics to create approximation methods. His interests were now in the field of operations research , linear optimization , dynamic programming , graph theory and numerical mathematics .

Memberships

From 1937 Nožička was a member of the Union of Czech Mathematicians and Physicists (JČMF). From 1970 to 1976 he was head of their Prague branch.

From 1950 to 1990 the JČMF was forcibly incorporated into the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences . In 1990 it was re-established and Nožička was elected its first chairman.

Honors

Nožička founded the Mathematical Optimization Department at the Humboldt University . For this he was awarded an honorary doctorate in 1979 by the Humboldt University .

In 1998 Nožička was awarded the Gold Medal of Charles University.

In 1998 he became an honorary citizen of the city of Liberec for his collaboration with the University of Mechanical Engineering and Textile Technology in Liberec.

In 2005, one year after Nožička's death, the International Conference on Parametric Optimization and Related Topics PARAOPT VIII was held in Cairo, Egypt, in honor of his memory . Nožička founded the PARAOPT series.

Nožičkas doctoral and post-graduate students

Nožička supervised 26 doctoral students from Cuba, the Czech Republic, Egypt, Germany and Slovakia. Of these, 16 were later appointed professors.

  • Bank, Bernd, 1977
  • Bilsing, Dieter, 1977
  • Damm, Heinz, 1971
  • El-Ramly, Nabawia, 1977
  • Gollmer, Ralf, 1980
  • Guddat, Jürgen , 1968
  • Hollatz, Horst, 1968
  • Kausmann, Ulrich, 1970
  • Klatte, Diethard , 1977
  • Kleinmann, Pavel, 1971, 1977
  • Kummer, Bernd , 1977
  • Kummer, Monika, 1985
  • Lommatzsch, Klaus, 1973
  • Melzer, Detlef, 1978
  • Ojeda, Eduardo, 1983
  • Pereira, Juan, 1987
  • Weinert, Horst, 1970

Publications

As an author (selection)

  • František Nožička: Special pair of dual parametric nonlinear optimization problems with common set of optimal points , Zbl 1038.90078, Optimization 51, No. 3, pp. 555-575, 2002
  • František Nožička: Calculus of Variations , 1994, in Survey of Applicable Mathematics, pp. 1090–1124, DOI: 10.1007, ISBN 978-94-015-8308-4
  • František Nožička: Linear Programming , 1994, in Survey of Applicable Mathematics, pp. 1538–1579, DOI: 10.1007, ISBN 978-94-015-8308-4
  • František Nožička: Special Nonconvex Optimization Problems Turnable into Problems of Linear Programming , 1991, in Operations Research: Contributions to quantitative economic research, pp. 23–30, doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-642-76537-7_3 , ISBN 978-3- 642-76537-7
  • František Nožička, Libuše Grygarová, Klaus Lommatzsch: Geometry of convex sets and convex analysis , Berlin Akademie-Verlag, 1988.
  • František Nožička: Affine-geodetic curves of strictly convex hypersurfaces as solutions to a certain Lagrange variation problem , Berlin: Humboldt University of Berlin. Mathematics Section, 1987
  • František Nožička: A Generalization of the Notion of Convexity on the Basis of Certain Optimization Problems , 1984, in Parametric Optimization and Approximation: Conference Held at the Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut, Oberwolfach, October 16-22, 1983, pp. 217-230, ISBN 978 -3-0348-6255-4 , ISSN  2296-6072
  • František Nožička: Theory of linear parametric optimization , Berlin Akademie-Verlag, 1974
  • František Nožička, Jürgen Guddat, Horst Hollatz: Theory of linear optimization , Berlin Akademie-Verlag, 1972

As editor (selection)

  • Jürgen Guddat (editor), Hubertus Th. Jongen (editor), Frantisek Nozicka (editor), Georg Still (editor): Parametric Optimization and Related Topics IV: Proceedings of the International Conference on Parametric Optimization and Related Topics IV , 1995, Approximation and Optimization, Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, January 1, 1997, ISBN 978-3-631-49769-2 , ISBN 978-3-631-49769-2
  • Frantisek Nozicka (Ed.): Parametric optimization and related topics III. , Proceedings from the conference, Guestrow August 30 – September 5, 1991, Peter Lang, Frankfurt / M., 1993, p. 568 ff
  • Jürgen Guddat (editor), Hubertus-Theophilus Jongen (editor), Bernd Kummer (editor), František Nožička (editor): Parametric Optimization and Related Topics: v. 2 (Mathematical Research S.) , Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, March 25, 1991, ISBN 3-05-501290-9 , ISBN 978-3-05-501290-7

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i František Nožička at math.muni.cz, Masaryk University. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
  2. ↑ a b c d František Nožička at Berliner Zeitung. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
  3. ↑ a b c d e We mourn for the scientist, teacher and friend Prof. Dr.Dr.hc. Frantisek Nozicka at math.hu-berlin.de. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h CELEBRATING EIGHTY YEARS OF PROFESSOR NOŽIČKA at MATHEMATICA BOHEMICA. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
  5. ↑ a b Frantisek Nozicka in Mathematics Genealogy Project. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
  6. ↑ History of the discipline of mathematics at didaktik.mathematik.hu-berlin.de, p. 38. Retrieved on August 1, 2019.
  7. ↑ Honorary doctorate awarded Humboldt University honored Prof. Dr. Frantisek Nozicka at Neues Deutschland, Archiv. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
  8. ↑ Čestní občané at liberec.cz. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
  9. ↑ PARAOPT VIII at math.hu-berlin.de. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
personal data
SURNAME Nožička, František
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Nozicka, Frantisek
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Czech mathematician and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH April 5, 1918
PLACE OF BIRTH Reichenberg , Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH May 28, 2004
Place of death Prague , Czech Republic