Franz (Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld)

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Duke Franz Friedrich Anton of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

Franz Friedrich Anton von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld (born July 15, 1750 in Ehrenburg Castle , Coburg ; † December 9, 1806 in Coburg) was Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld from 1800 to 1806 and the common grandfather of the British Queen Victoria and her prince consort Albert .

Life

Franz was the eldest son of Duke Ernst Friedrich von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld (1724–1800) from his marriage to Sophie Antonia (1724–1802), daughter of Duke Ferdinand Albrecht II of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel .

Franz Friedrich Anton as Hereditary Prince

Franz was raised privately and received a thorough and comprehensive education. Until he took office, he lived with his family in the so-called Prinzenpalais in Coburg's Steingasse from 1786. In 1800 he followed his father into the government of the still indebted country, where a debt rescheduling commission was active. In 1802 the government, consistory and chamber council were combined to form a state government. The forced administration of the Debit Commission could be dissolved through the work of Chamber Director Theodor von Kretschmann . As a result, the now Minister Kretschmann was given almost completely a free hand in the government. Kretschmann, who organized the administration tightly, was hated by the population. When the residents protested against his order to number the houses in the town, he had Saxon dragoons deployed in the town.

Franz Friedrich Anton was a great art connoisseur and lover and is considered the greatest collector of books and graphics among the Coburg dukes. In 1775 he laid the foundations for a collection of copper engravings with 300,000 graphics that can be viewed today at Veste Coburg , and equipped the castle library with an extensive collection of books. His collection also formed the basis for the Coburg Natural History Museum. In 1805, just a few months before his death, he bought the Rosenau and Schwickhof chambers with Rosenau Castle near Coburg as a summer residence for his family.

Under Duke Franz, the expansion of Coburg into the representative residential city of the 19th century began by removing walls, moats and towers and replacing them with green spaces.

Mausoleum in the Coburg Hofgarten

Franz Friedrich Anton found his final resting place in 1806 in a mausoleum in the Coburg Hofgarten , where his second wife was buried in 1831. The poet Johann Friedrich Löwen dedicated the ode to the prince: " To Prince Franz Friedrich Anton "

progeny

Coat of arms of Saxony-Coburg-Saalfeld on the state boundary stone

On March 6, 1776, Franz married Princess Sophie (1760–1776), daughter of Duke Ernst Friedrich III, in Hildburghausen . Carl von Sachsen-Hildburghausen , who died that same year.

The following year he married in Ebersdorf Auguste (1757-1831), daughter of Count Heinrich XXIV. Reuss zu Ebersdorf . This marriage resulted in ten children, four sons and five daughters, and one stillbirth. The dynastic rise of the house began through the advantageous marriages of the children:

⚭ 1804 Emmanuel von Mensdorff-Pouilly , since 1818 Count von Mensdorff-Pouilly (1777-1852)
⚭ 1798 Prince Alexander Friedrich Karl of Württemberg (1771–1833)
  • Juliane (1781–1860), " Anna Fjodorovna "
⚭ 1796 (closed 1820) Grand Duke Konstantin Pawlowitsch (1779–1831)
⚭ 1. 1817 (closed 1826) Princess Luise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1800–1831)
⚭ 2. 1832 Princess Marie of Württemberg (1799–1860)
⚭ 1816 Maria Antonie Gabriele von Koháry (1797–1862)
⚭ 1. 1803 Prince Emich Carl , 2nd Prince of Leiningen (1763–1814)
⚭ 2. 1818 Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (1767–1820)
  • Marianne Charlotte (1788–1794)
  • Leopold I (1790–1865), King of the Belgians since 1831
⚭ 1. 1816 Princess Charlotte Auguste (1796–1817)
⚭ 2. 1829 Karoline Bauer (1807–1877), (not historically certain, divorced in 1831)
⚭ 3. 1832 Princess Louise of Orléans (1812–1850)
  • Maximilian (1792-1793)

literature

  • August Beck:  Franz Friedrich Anton, Duke of Saxe-Koburg-Saalfeld . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, p. 296 f.
  • Carl-Christian Dressel: The development of the constitution and administration in Saxony-Coburg 1800–1826 in comparison (= writings on constitutional history. 79). Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-12003-1 (At the same time: Bayreuth, University, dissertation, 2004: The development of constitution and administration in Saxony-Coburg 1800–1826 in comparison, a contribution to the “force field of Comparative Law ”in the territorial constitutional and administrative history. ).
  • Christian Kruse: Franz Friedrich Anton von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld. 1750-1806. In: Yearbook of the Coburg State Foundation. Vol. 40, 1995, ISSN  0084-8808 , pp. 1-448.

Web links

Commons : Franz (Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from February 13, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / coburg-life.de
  2. ↑ http://www.kunstsammlungen-coburg.de/index.php?wohin=ausstellung/waswar.php&nav=&sp=
  3. ^ Eckhard Mönnig: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and natural history. In: Franz Bosbach , John R. Davis (ed.): Windsor - Coburg. Shared inheritance - common inheritance. A dynasty and its collection. = Divided estate - common heritage (= Prince Albert Studies. 25). Saur, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-598-21425-7 , pp. 115–132, here p. 117.
  4. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.baufachinformation.de
  5. ↑ Denis André Chevalley, Otto Braasch : Upper Franconia. Ensembles, architectural monuments, archaeological site monuments (= monuments in Bavaria. 4). Oldenbourg, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-486-52395-3 , p. 58.
  6. ^ Johann Friedrich Löwen: Poetic Works. Part 2. Grunds Witwe & Holle, Hamburg et al. 1760, p. 196 .
predecessor Office successor
Ernst Friedrich Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
1800–1806 		Ernst I.
personal data
SURNAME Franz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Franz Friedrich Anton von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
DATE OF BIRTH July 15, 1750
PLACE OF BIRTH Ehrenburg Castle , Coburg
DATE OF DEATH December 9, 1806
Place of death Coburg