Franz Xaver Schwarz (politician)

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Franz Xaver Schwarz

Franz Xaver Schwarz (born November 27, 1875 in Günzburg ; † December 2, 1947 in the internment camp near Regensburg ) was a German politician of the NSDAP . As "Reich Treasurer of the NSDAP" ( Reichsleiter ) and SS Colonel Group Leader, Schwarz was one of the party's most important officials.

Life

Early life

After graduating from school in Günzburg , Schwarz started a middle career as a civil servant. From 1895 to 1899 he did military service. Joined the infantry body regiment in Munich as a two-year-old volunteer , from 1896 he was a clerk at the Munich command office and resigned as a sergeant . From 1900 to 1925 he was employed by the Munich city administration, most recently as chief administrative officer. During the First World War , Schwarz had again served in the Bavarian Army from 1914 and was dismissed as a lieutenant in the Landwehr in 1918 .

Career in the NSDAP

Franz Xaver Schwarz to the right of Adolf Hitler (December 1930)
Schwarz between Goebbels and Göring, Nuremberg Rally 1936

After the war, Schwarz began to be active in circles of the extreme political right: According to his own statements, he believed in February 1918 that the First World War would end with a defeat for the German Reich, which was due to the then noticeably decreasing rate To have discipline fixed. From this he came to the conclusion that a patriotic sentiment could only be preserved in Germany by merging nationalism and socialism: His political commitment began in 1919 when he joined the German Völkischer Schutz- und Trutzbund and was active in the Munich residents ' armed forces However, due to their low efficiency, they paid little attention to them.

In 1922 Schwarz met Adolf Hitler for the first time , in whom he immediately claims to have recognized the “man of fate”. In the same year he joined the NSDAP for the first time. After the NSDAP was banned, Schwarz was the first cashier for the Greater German National Community led by Hermann Kriebel from the summer of 1924 .

Simultaneously with its re-establishment on February 27, 1925, Schwarz rejoined the NSDAP ( membership number 6). On March 21, 1925 Hitler gave him the office of "Reich Treasurer", d. that is, he was appointed chief administrator of the party's finances and membership. This full-time job, which had previously been carried out by Max Amann , he carried out for almost 20 years, unchallenged despite his advanced age, until the end of Nazi rule in May 1945.

With the Munich local elections in December 1929, Schwarz received a mandate for the NSDAP in the Munich City Council, which he held until October 1934.

In 1931, Hitler officially gave Schwarz full control of all matters related to the finances and property of the NSDAP. In 1932, Schwarz and Paul Schulz founded a secret remote leadership (secret party tribunal) for the party.

Since the early 1930s, Black also received numerous honorary ranks in the party: from 18 December 1931 he was SA group leader , November 9, 1933, the transport followed to the SA upper group leader, where he formally the staff of the Supreme SA leader was assigned . In the SS, in which, according to his own statements, he had temporarily had membership number 2, he became an official member in 1932 - after it was temporarily banned - and on June 13, 1932 he received the rank of SS group leader (official SS no. 38,500). On July 1, 1933, he received the rank of SS-Obergruppenführer , at that time the highest rank in the SS. Furthermore, Schwarz was a member of the board of directors of the German Hunting Museum and from October 3, 1933 to 1944 a full member of the Academy for German Law in Munich as well Chairman of the main association of the German construction industry and member of the supervisory board of the Getreide-Kredit-Bank-Giro-Zentrale.

In the Reichstag election in March 1933 , he was elected to the Reichstag. In 1935 he was in the party the rank of Reichsleiter while on 20 April 1942 by Hitler honorary for SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer of the General SS was appointed.

post war period

Black in American internment. Photo taken on June 23, 1945.

Shortly after the end of World War II , Schwarz was taken prisoner in Augsburg on May 17, 1945 . At first he was held by the Allies in Camp Ashcan near Bad Mondorf (Luxembourg) until August 1945, together with other Nazi figures . He was then taken to an internment camp near Regensburg , where the Allies subjected him to long and intensive interrogations. Among other things, it was about the whereabouts of the party coffers and the associated accounting.

Schwarz died in December 1947 as a prisoner in the Regensburg camp. His arbitration chamber proceedings, which were in preparation at that time, were then carried out posthumously against his estate: By judgment of the Munich-Land arbitration chamber on September 23, 1948, Schwarz was classified as the “main culprit” and his entire property with the exception of RM 3,000, which was left to his widow , moved in.

marriage and family

Schwarz had been married to Bertha Breher since 1899. The son Franz (1899–1960) emerged from the marriage and became an SS brigade leader .

The honorary citizenship granted to him by the city of Augsburg on August 26, 1939, was revoked again in August 1946.

Fonts

  • "Structure and organization of the administration of the NSDAP", in: National Socialist Yearbook 1936, pp. 242–245.
  • "Leadership and Administration in the National Socialist German Workers' Party", in: National Socialist Yearbook 1937, pp. 257–260.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Hubert Beckers: Franz Xaver Schwarz (1875–1947).
  2. ^ A b Robert Wistrich : Who was who in the Third Reich , Munich 1983, p. 248.
  3. ^ SS Personnel Office: List of seniority of the NSDAP Schutzstaffel, as of December 1, 1937, serial no. 2 Obergruppenführer

literature

More extensive considerations of Schwarz and his work:

  • Dieter Degreif: “Franz Xaver Schwarz. The Reich Treasurer Office of the NSDAP and its transmission in the Federal Archives ”, in: Friedrich P. Kahlenberg (Ed.): From the work of the archives. Contributions to archives, source studies and history. Festschrift for Hans Booms , Boppard am Rhein 1989, pp. 489–503.
  • Ulf Lükemann: The Reich Treasurer of the NSDAP. A contribution to the internal party structure , 1963. (Dissertation FU Berlin)
  • Bernhard Schäfer: “The offices of the Reich leadership of the NSDAP in the party buildings on Munich's Königsplatz. Origin - Development - Structures - Competencies ”, in: Julian Rosefeldt / Piero Steinle (ed.): Bureaucracy and cult. The party center of the NSDAP on Königsplatz in Munich , Munich 1995, pp. 89-108.

Entries in reference works:

Non-scientific literature :

  • Baldur von Schirach : "Franz Xaver Schwarz", in: Ders. Pioneers of the Third Reich , 1933, pp. 204–206.

Web links

Commons : Franz Xaver Schwarz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Schwarz, Franz Xaver
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (NSDAP), MdR, Reich Treasurer of the NSDAP
DATE OF BIRTH November 27, 1875
PLACE OF BIRTH Gunzburg (Danube)
DATE OF DEATH December 2, 1947
Place of death near Regensburg (internment camp)