Friedrich Schumm (lawyer)

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Friedrich Schumm (born November 4, 1901 in Kiel ; † April 1, 1933 there ) was a German lawyer and a victim of National Socialism .

Live and act

Friedrich Schumm was born as the son of Georg (1873–1942) and Hedwig Martha Schumm, nee. Moll (1877–1943), born and grew up with his younger siblings Anni and Walter (1910–) in Kiel. The family had lived at Kehdenstrasse 16 since 1907, where the father was co-owner of the Nikolaus Pindo Successor company, a furniture and commercial credit business. Since 1930 he ran a furniture shop there by himself. Georg Schumm was also the co-owner of a shop at Wilhelminenstrasse 10. He was also a member of the board of the Israelite community in Kiel and a shop steward at the Chamber of Commerce for many years .

Friedrich Schumm graduated from the state grammar school in Kiel and then studied law at the universities in Kiel , Hamburg , Freiburg and Rostock . In his native town and hometown, Schumm was awarded a Dr. jur. PhD . He then worked as a trainee lawyer in Kiel, and later as a lawyer in Neidenburg ( East Prussia ).

Circumstances of death

On the occasion of the wedding of his younger sister Anni, Friedrich Schumm stayed in Kiel at the end of March / beginning of April 1933. On April 1, the day on which the National Socialists called for a boycott of Jewish shops across the Reich, two SS men also took up their post in front of the parents' furniture shop to prevent customers from entering the shop.

The exact course of events is still unclear today. In some representations it is said that when Friedrich Schumm tried to enter his father's shop through the main entrance, there was a scramble with the SS men, as a result of which a shot was fired. In other reports it is described that Schumm enters the father's shop through the back entrance, there is a verbal confrontation with the guards when exiting the front entrance and a shot is fired in the process. The Völkischer Beobachter is said to have reported that the shot was fired from the shop or was fired by Friedrich Schumm himself. The shot, wherever and whenever it came, hit SS man Wilhelm Asthalter, who was shot in the liver , admitted to the hospital, but was released after a long stay there. Friedrich Schumm initially fled, but a little later turned himself into the next police station .

Meanwhile, many rumors and false reports were already circulating among the Kiel SA and SS men and the population about the incident at Kehdenstrasse 16, in which it was said, for example, that an SS man was killed and that the perpetrator Friedrich Schumm was found hidden in the warehouse of the furniture store and was arrested. The SA and SS then plundered the furniture store, and Georg Schumm was arrested with his daughter Anni. In the meantime, Friedrich Schumm had been taken to the Kiel police prison, where numerous SA and SS men and civilians were now on their way to force Schumm's release. Supported by the NSDAP district leader Walter Behrens , the NSDAP Gauleiter Hinrich Lohse and the then Kiel Police President Otto zu Rantzau , a mob of 30 to 40 people gained access to the prison and Schumm's cell , who were fatally hit by around 30 shots.

After the crime, the Schumms murderers were able to leave the scene unmolested. No legal action was taken against the shooters. Even after 1945 none of the murderers can be identified. Only three SS men were prosecuted in connection with the Friedrich Schumm incident and sentenced to imprisonment of 12 or twice 20 months. Friedrich Schumm was buried in the Westerrönfeld cemetery belonging to the Rendsburg Jewish community .

Another fate of the Schumm family

Friedrich Schumm's parents initially left Kiel for several weeks and lived in Hamburg . At the end of September 1933, they left Kiel for good and moved to Hamburg. The Schumms gradually sold their holdings in Kiel.

In connection with the events of April 1, 1933, Georg Schumm had to pay the injured SS man Wilhelm Asthalter 25,000 Reichsmarks in compensation . He won the trial for the destruction of his furniture business.

In contrast to the Schumm couple, who viewed Germany as their homeland and felt themselves to be German to the end, the children Walter and Anni and Friedrich Schumm's widow left Germany for Palestine . Walter Schumm moved on to the United States with his family in the early 1950s . The parents visited their children in Jerusalem in 1937 , but returned to Germany.

On July 19, 1942, Georg and Hedwig Schumm were deported from Hamburg to the Theresienstadt ghetto . Georg Schumm died there on October 1, 1942 and Hedwig Schumm on February 24, 1943.

Stumbling blocks were laid for Friedrich, Georg and Hedwig Schumm on June 11, 2006 at Holtenauer Straße 59a in Kiel .

Publications

  • Simple bankruptcy , Jur.Diss., Kiel 1925.

literature

  • The Times: April 3, 1933 article about the murder of the Jewish attorney Schumm and other acts of violence on the day of the boycott entitled Jews Are Boycotted. Scenes from Berlin. Economy stands still. Lynchmordfall in Kiel , in: The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933-1945 . Volume 1: German Empire 1933-1937 . Edited by Wolf Gruner, Munich 2008, pp. 110–112, document 22.
  • Uwe Danker, Astrid Schwabe: Schleswig-Holstein and National Socialism . Neumünster 2005.
  • Dietrich Hauschildt: From the boycott of the Jews to the murder of the Jews. In: We are building the empire. Rise and first years of rule of National Socialism in Schleswig-Holstein . Edited by Erich Hoffmann u. Peter Wulf, Neumünster 1983.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See the entry of Friedrich Schumm's matriculation in the Rostock matriculation portal
  2. ↑ See Friedrich Schumm's curriculum vitae on the Kieler Stolpersteine ​​website, accessed on March 28, 2017.
  3. ↑ See the article on the Lynch murder of Friedrich Schumm in the virtual museum, accessed on March 28, 2017. See also the description of the events in the WP article on the city of Kiel under Kiel under National Socialism , accessed on March 28, 2017.
  4. ↑ The technical workers Wilhelm Asthalter (1910-1982) was awarded the Order of the NSDAP blood. He joined the NSDAP in 1930 and the SS in 1931. Asthalter later worked for the SD in Brussels , in Department II, "Judaism", where he was involved in the deportation of Jews to the extermination camps. In 1945 he was taken prisoner in Belgium, from which he was released in 1962.
  5. ↑ See: Dietrich Hauschildt: Vom Judenbokott zum Judenmord. In: We are building the empire. Rise and first years of rule of National Socialism in Schleswig-Holstein. Edited by Erich Hoffmann u. Peter Wulf, Neumünster 1983, page 359
personal data
SURNAME Schumm, Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer and victim of National Socialism
DATE OF BIRTH November 4, 1901
PLACE OF BIRTH Kiel
DATE OF DEATH April 1, 1933
Place of death Kiel