Friedrich Stohmann

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Friedrich Stohmann (born April 25, 1832 in Bremen , † November 1, 1897 in Leipzig ) was a German agricultural chemist.

Live and act

Stohmann, the only son of the owner of a chemical factory near Oeynhausen , was to take over this factory at the father's request. Since he was interested in a comprehensive scientific education, he moved to the University of Göttingen in 1851 , where he joined the Hannovera fraternity . He completed his chemistry studies with Friedrich Wöhler in 1853. He then continued his studies from 1853 to 1855 as Thomas Graham's assistant at University College in London continued and acquired numerous trips a comprehensive knowledge of chemical technology. In 1857 he received his doctorate at the University of Göttingen with the dissertation "The auxiliary fertilizers" on the properties and chemical composition of East Frisian soils. In the same year he became an employee of the agricultural chemist Wilhelm Henneberg , who in the summer of 1857 relocated the laboratory of the “Royal Hanoverian Agricultural Society”, which was built in Celle in 1851, to Göttingen and incorporated it into the newly established agricultural research station Weende. Here in Weende , Stohmann and Wilhelm Henneberg worked out the basics of modern animal nutrition within a few years. Just by introducing the concept of digestible nutrients and their determination in animals, as well as by fixing a uniform analytical method in the later world-famous Weender analysis (Weender methods), he determined the direction of development of animal nutrition up to the present day. His contributions, published in 1860 and 1864, on the justification of rational feeding of ruminants are now among the “classic works” of scientific agricultural literature.

In 1862, Stohmann accepted a call to Braunschweig and founded an agricultural research station. He has published the results of the numerous field tests with new fertilizers that he carried out here in the "Mitheilungen des Verein für Land- und Forstwirthschaft im Herzogthume Braunschweig". In 1865 he accepted an appointment as professor for agricultural chemistry at the University of Halle / S., Where he also took over the establishment and management of the agricultural research station that was moved from Salzmünde to Halle. Here, too, he dealt with fertilization experiments and the analysis of fertilizers , but also carried out experiments on the use of feed materials in farm animals.

Stohmann made one last job change in 1871. He followed a call to the University of Leipzig and founded an agricultural-physiological institute, which he successfully headed for almost 25 years. From then on, the focus of his scientific work was in the field of animal metabolism. Especially with his calorimetric investigations of nutrients and food , he gained a high reputation in the scientific community. Stohmann is the author of several technological manuals, including a. about sugar and starch production . His extensive work on milk and dairy products appeared only a few months after his death.

Stohmann was an honorary member of numerous agricultural associations. The University of Göttingen appointed him an honorary doctorate in medicine in 1887 , in recognition of “the outstanding services he has rendered to physiology, the foundation of medical art, through the extremely precise and careful investigations into the energy balance of the individual for the nutrition of animals and plants Has acquired substances ". In 1891 he became a full member of the mathematical-physical class of the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig. In 1892 he became a member of the Leopoldina . The Board of Trustees of the Liebig Foundation at the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich awarded him the Golden Liebig Medal in 1896, the highest award in the field of agricultural science at the time.

Major works

  • Contributions to the justification of rational feeding of ruminants. Practical, agricultural and physiological studies (with Wilhelm Henneberg). Issue 1 u. 2, Braunschweig 1860 a. 1864, ( digitized version ).
  • Handbook of technical chemistry. 1, inorganic chemistry . 5th edition. Schweizerbart-Verlag, Stuttgart 1872, urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10999410-2 .
  • Handbook of technical chemistry. 2, organic chemistry . 5th edition. Schweizerbart-Verlag, Stuttgart 1874, urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb11181857-7 .
  • Liebig's Relationship with Agriculture . Private print (1873). Zugl. in: Journal for practical chemistry NF , Vol. 8, 1873, pp. 458-476, doi: 10.1002 / prac.18740080149 .
  • Biological studies . Work at the agricultural-chemical experimental station in Halle, issue 1. Braunschweig 1873.
  • Stohmann's Handbook of Sugar Manufacturing . Publisher Paul Parey Berlin 1878; 2nd ed. 1885; 3rd edition 1893; 4th edition edit by A. Rümpler 1899; 5th edition edit. by Alfred Schander, Verlag P. Parey, 1912, Reprint Nabu-Press 2010, ISBN 978-1-143-43985-8
  • The starch production . Publisher Paul Parey, Berlin 1878, OCLC 20736637 .
  • Encyclopaedic Handbook of Technical Chemistry . Based on James Sheridan Muspratt ’s Dictionary of Chemistry. 2 vol., Verlag CA Schwetschke & Sohn Braunschweig 1854–1858. - 4th verb. u. probably revised by Bruno Kerl and Friedrich Stohmann, Vol. 1–6, Braunschweig 1888–1896; continued by Hans Bunte Vol. 7-12, 1898-1922, OCLC 879139004 .
  • The milk and dairy products. A handbook for dairy technicians and food chemists . Publisher Vieweg Braunschweig 1898, OCLC 247711220 .
  • On the calorific value of the constituents of food . In: Journal of Biology . tape 13 , 1894, DNB  1125719273 , p. 364–391 , urn : nbn: de: hebis: 30-1121588 (free full text).

literature

obituary

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Prof. Dr. phil., Dr. med. hc Friedrich Carl Adolf Stohmann Professor Catalog of the University of Leipzig
  2. ↑ Frank Liebert: Former experimental station Göttingen-Weende 150 years old - Articles on animal nutrition (PDF; 33 kB)
  3. ^ Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig: Friedrich Stohmann, Prof. Dr. phil.
  4. ^ Member entry by Friedrich Stohmann at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on July 23, 2017.
  5. ^ Prize tender from the Liebig Foundation. In: Reports of the German Chemical Society. 9, 1876, pp. 1612-1615, doi: 10.1002 / cber.187600902170
personal data
SURNAME Stohmann, Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German agricultural chemist
DATE OF BIRTH April 25, 1832
PLACE OF BIRTH Bremen
DATE OF DEATH November 1, 1897
Place of death Leipzig