Friedrich von Rosdorf

Noble Friedrich von Rosdorf zu Hardenberg (* around 1245, † 1318 or 1319) was Burgrave of Rusteberg , Hardenberg , Hanstein Castle , Horeburg and Heiligenstadt as well as the Eichsfeld Office and Prefect of the Archdiocese of Mainz. He was also lord of the castle (Dominus) of Hardenberg (1287-1319), of Falkenberg (David Castle), of Mühlberg (Three Equals) and of Bischofstein (formerly Stein Castle).

family

Friedrich von Rosdorf descends from the nobleman Hermann von Rosdorf (approx. 1200–1260). Friedrich's mother, a noble lady of Lo (he), daughter of the noble lord Heinrich von Lo (he) auf Lohe , was related to the counts of Dassel and the nobles of the mountains through her grandmother, a countess of Wölpe Wölpe .

Friedrich von Rosdorf was born around 1245 as the youngest of four sons. He first appeared in a document in 1265 and 1269, together with his brothers Hermann (II) and Ludolf von Rosdorf - who later became Prince-Bishop of Minden. His eldest brother was the Minden canon and archdeacon of Ohsen , Bernhard von Rosdorf. One sister was married to the fourth cousin, Dietrich von Hardenberg. Since Friedrich von Rosdorf's only son died young, his extensive inheritance was completely passed on to his nephew, Hildebrand von Hardenberg, in 1319. This led to persistent inheritance disputes with the von Rosdorf- Hardegsen zu Moringen family , which between 1340 and 1350 resulted in a real family feud that included armed conflicts.

On July 25, 1287, Friedrich von Rosdorf, together with his brother-in-law and cousin, Dietrich von Hardenberg, signed a momentous contract with the Archbishop of Mainz, in which he pledged Hardenberg Castle to his two lords for 600 silver marks. After Friedrich von Rosdorf's death, his share was completely transferred to his nephew, Hildebrand von Hardenberg, for lack of direct, personal heirs.

When the gentlemen of Uslar-Gleichen 1290 Archbishop Gerhard II. Of Eppstein of Mainz half tithe to True resigned to this the monastery Wiebrechtshausen to pay, the demise of their blood relatives, Ludwig von Rosdorf-Hardegsen and Friedrich von Rosdorf-Hardenberg had, and their cousin, Otto von Bovenden, agree.

In August 1293 Friedrich von Rosdorf, together with Bertold and Dithmar von Adelebsen, tested a donation from Count Ludolf V von Dassel to the Lippoldsberg monastery . In the certificate, Friedrich is called “generi nostri”, that is, our relative. He was therefore married to a daughter of Count Ludolf von Dassel.

Act

1282 Friedrich was from Rosdorf witness when Count Gerhard von Hallermund his castle Hallermund in Springe, sold along with half of his county to the Duke of Brunswick.

In 1294, Archbishop Gerhard von Mainz bought Gleichenstein Castle (Thuringia) , Scharfenstein Castle (Eichsfeld) and Birkenstein Castle ruins (Eichsfeld) as well as the rest of the Eichsfeld and signed a treaty in Fritzlar . The main witness and negotiating partner was u. a. Friedrich von Rosdorf. He followed the Count of Solms (noble family) among the counts and noblemen. This place illustrates its importance and hierarchical position, clearly set apart from simple knights and other nobles.

In September 1295, Friedrich's brother Ludolf von Rosdorf , previously a canon at the cathedral in Minden and archdeacon of Hameln and Kirchohsen , became Prince-Bishop of Minden.

On February 6, 1296, Archbishop Gerhard von Mainz appointed Friedrich von Rosdorf as an officer over the Eichsfeld, at the same time made him burgrave of Rusteberg, Hanstein, Horeburg, Hardenberg, Heiligenstadt. His official title varies, it was sometimes comes, praefectus, officiatus, Vogt. Friedrich von Rosdorf held this office without interruption until his death in late 1318 / early 1319.

In 1299 Archbishop Gerhard von Mainz enfeoffed Friedrich von Rosdorf with the Mühlburg Castle and the associated lordship and appointed him Burgrave of Gleichenstein, Ballenhausen, Seebach and Hohengottern. With this deal, Friedrich von Rosdorf tried to re-round the ancient Thuringian property of the Lords of Rosdorf and to combine them with those of the close blood relatives, that of the Lords of Ballenhausen (noble family) .

On May 1, 1299, Friedrich I von Rosdorf, with the consent of his brother Ludolf, Bishop of Minden, sold a hoof in Bovenden.

When Hugo de Marchia sold the Villa Kyrrode on December 2, 1300 , Friedrich von Rosdorf and his nephews, Ludwig and Conrad von Kinderode , testified to the sale as provost of the Beuren monastery . Friedrich von Rosdorf was the burgrave of Rusteberg.

On August 9, 1303, the Archbishop of Mainz concluded two contracts with Friedrich von Rosdorf in Fritzlar. He acquired the castle David, at that time another name of the castle Falkenberg . A short time later, members of the von Rosdorf family appeared as Lords of Falkenberg. They split into the lines of Falkenberg-Falkenberg and Falkenberg-Herstelle. Your coat of arms and seal is the original of Rosdorf's key coat of arms.

In the second contract, Friedrich von Rosdorf agreed a new service contract with Archbishop Gerhard von Mainz, which committed him to the end of his life as a burgrave at Hardenberg Castle, with the special disposition, if a new archbishop should dismiss him as such, this would give him 200 marks Compensation had to be paid (in addition to the 600 mark deposit for the castle itself), his deputy at Hardenberg Castle: his nephew Hildebrand von Hardenberg.

1304, on January 3rd, the feudal right to the Rosdorf tithe in favor of the Walkenried monastery was sold by the nobleman von Berge (advocate of the diocese of Minden) to the lords of Hardenberg and their sidelines, the von Saldern . Friedrich's brother, Bishop Ludolf von Minden, certified the contract. On January 24 and 27, 1304, the brothers Hildebrand and Bernhard von Hardenberg and the brothers Johann and Burghard von Saldern-Hardenberg, cousins ​​(patrueles), sold the Rosdorf tithe to the Walkenried monastery . Notarized by Friedrich and Dethard de Rostorp (dictus nobiles et milites).

1306 Friedrich I. von Rosdorf gave the Mariengarten monastery five hooves and two farms in Niedernjesa with the consent of his nephews Ludwig and Conrad von Kindehusen.

In 1306 a feud broke out between Duke Albrecht II of Braunschweig and Landgrave Heinrich I (Hesse) . King Albrecht I (HRR) intervened personally and settled the dispute with the help of several nobles, including one of four arbitrators, Friedrich von Rosdorf. A contract was signed for which several nobles vouched. Friedrich von Rosdorf vouched for Duke Albrecht of Braunschweig.

On June 10, 1308, Friedrich I von Rostorp allowed the Walkenried monastery to buy four farms and four Hufen land in Rosdorf . On July 1, 1308, Ludwig and Conrad von Kindehusen, Friedrich von Rosdorf's nephews, agreed to the sale.

On October 4, 1308, Archbishop Peter von Aspelt - Mainz signed a contract with the von Hanstein brothers to build a new castle on the Hanstein. As guarantors and witnesses to the treaty, Friedrich and Dethard von Rosdorf were the first to sign.

The knights Bertold von Adelebsen, Dethard von Rosdorf, Hildebrand von Hardenberg, Heidenreich called Struz von Gladebeck (Gladebeke) and the squire Detmar von Adelebsen renounced the castle Bischofshausen for the death of noble Friedrich von Rosdorf in favor of Landgrave Heinrich of Hesse and his heirs (Bischoveshusen). Date: 1308 in crastino p. Gregorii pape.

On October 6, 1309, Friedrich von Rosdorf, Hildebrand von Hardenberg, Johann von Saldern-Hardenberg and Johann and Bernhard von Hardenberg promised Landgrave Heinrich von Hesse their Stein Castle, called Bischofstein since 1409, against everyone, with the exception of the Archbishop of Mainz to open. The villages of Großbartloff, Diedorf, Döringsdorf, Ershausen, Faulungen, Geismar, Heyerode, Hildebrandshausen, Katharinenberg, Krombach, Lehna, Misserode, Lengenfeld and Wilbich belonged to the Bischofstein rule.

With the same document dated October 6, 1309, the named transferred (donated) their own property Ildehausen (Ambergau) to the landgrave and immediately received it back as a fief.

In 1314 Friedrich von Rosdorf notarized a sale by the brothers Dietrich, Conrad, Friedrich and Albrecht von Ammern to the Beuren monastery , of which he was bailiff.

In 1315 Frederick II of Rosdorf gave the Mother of God and Catharine altar in Nörten a hoof in Gladebeck and 15 marks; he gave the archbishopric of Mainz his bailiwick rights in Scheden and Gieboldehausen. He also waived his right of patronage. He also promised Bishop Peter von Mainz the bailiwick in Heiligenstadt from his relative, Otto Graf von Lutterberg, to acquire the rights to it from his nephew Hildebrand von Hardenberg, and then to give it to the diocese.

The cited documents illustrate the power and influence of Friedrich von Rosdorf during his active time (1287–1318) as “regent” of the Mainz possessions, in the area of ​​tension between the three emerging territorial powers Braunschweig - Hesse / Thuringia - Saxony, in his Person united. He was in one person head of government, supreme warlord, supreme judge, supreme administrative officer, one of the highest-ranking, most respected diplomats, after all, an area that extended over most of today's Thuringia , parts of southern Lower Saxony , northern Hesse and part of today's East Westphalian area . He not only succeeded in protecting the Mainz enclave from the grasp of the Brunswick dukes, the bishops of Hildesheim , Paderborn, Magdeburg and Halberstadt, the landgraves of Hesse and Thuringia and the expansive Saxon electors - with a mixture of war, diplomatic negotiation skills as well a policy of balancing interests.

He was helped not only by his status as a nobleman, but also by his extensive family-dynastic relationships. Numerous archbishops of Mainz were also among the extensive relatives of the Lords of Rosdorf, as were almost all of the count's houses of regional importance at the time. In a well-coordinated family-dynastic context, especially in cooperation with his cousins, the noblemen Dethard and Ludwig von Rosdorf zu Hardegsen, Messrs. Dietrich and Hildebrand von Hardenberg, the cousin Otto von Bovenden, and sporadically the cousins ​​von Escherde, Freden and Gittelde, Friedrich von Rosdorf succeeded in brief, considerable expansion of the family's possessions. He succeeded, especially during the time of the related Eppsteiner bishops, in reconciling dynastic interests with those of the archdiocese. The acquisitions of the Archbishops of Mainz in Eichsfeld, in Hessengau, in the center of Thuringia up to the Thuringian-Saxon border area, on the one hand pursued a clear consolidation policy, at the same time enabled Friedrich von Rosdorf to reactivate old dynastic connections and to regain parts of the originally family possessions. If you add the simultaneous efforts of Friedrich's uncle and cousin, Ludwig I and Ludwig II of Rosdorf, it becomes clear how the Lords of Rosdorf tried in a concerted action over a period of around 50 years to gain their own independent territorial rule work out. Friedrich von Rosdorf's son, who died prematurely, and the competition between the two branches of the von Hardenberg and von Rosdorf zu Hardegsen families after his death, destroyed the family policy that had been uniform up to that point and ultimately led to the von Rosdorf family in 1379 Catastrophe, in other words, the complete dissolution of the controversial Rosdorf territorial rule, whose well-balanced foundation lay in the spheres of power of the dioceses of Mainz and Paderborn, which coincide in their area. For too long, the Lords of Rosdorf underestimated the Braunschweig dukes' desire for expansion, as well as their inferiority complex, which has been enormously fueled by multiple inheritance divisions. In recent historical research, it is doubted that this ministerial family had established territorial rule, namely because court rights are not proven.

In addition to his dynastic "restoration policy", Friedrich von Rosdorf proved to be a gifted organizer and administrator. One last great service he rendered to his employers, the Archbishops of Mainz, was, like his ancestor, Saracho von Rossdorf, in the last three years of his term of office he had a comprehensive list of goods and taxes drawn up, which was the basis for tax collection for several centuries and management of the strongly grown Mainz property remained in its upstream enclave. This directory also represents Friedrich von Rosdorf's political legacy, it shows how strongly the area grew during his time in office and what fiscally sound legs the area he had headed for more than a quarter of a century was on. Under Friedrich von Rosdorf's leadership, the Eichsfeld had blossomed into a fiscal gold mine for the Archdiocese, which was plagued by constant financial difficulties.

At the ripe old age of around 73 years, Friedrich von Rosdorf died out with Friedrich von Rosdorf at the end of 1318 or beginning of 1319, the Hermann line of noble lords of Rosdorf, since his older brothers, the canon and archdeacon Bernhard von Rosdorf, the prince-bishop of Minden, Ludolf von Rosdorf 1304, his brother Hermann 1281 and his son, Friedrich's nephew, Hermann III. von Rosdorf died around 1302. Friedrich's son had also died at a young age.

literature

• J. Wolf: The family of the noble lords of Rosdorf, 1812
• E. Steinmetz: The Lords of Rosdorf, 1982, Göttingen yearbook
• KH Bernotat: The Lords of Rosdorf, 1952, contributions to the local history of southern Lower Saxony
• Frederik D. Tunnat: The noble gentlemen from Rosdorf and their side branches, Berlin, 2014
• Document book of the city of Göttingen, 1863
• JC Diederich: History of the City of Göttingen, 1797
• Journal of the Harz Association, Quedlinburg 1867 ff
• New messages, ed. Förstemann, Halle u. Nordhausen, 1843 ff
• Document book on the history of the Dukes of Braunschweig and Lüneburg, 1859
• Regest of the Archbishops of Mainz, 1913
• G. Christ - G. May: Archbishopric and Archdiocese of Mainz. Territorial and ecclesiastical structures. In: F. Jürgensmeier (ed.): Handbuch der Mainzer Kirchengeschichte, Vol. 2 (Contributions to Mainz Church History 6), Würzburg 1997
• L. Falck .: The Archbishops of Mainz and their monasteries in the first half of the 12th century, Dissertation Marburg 1952
• H. Falk: The Mainz authority organization in Hesse and on the Eichsfelde until the end of the 14th century (MSADG 1, Book 2), Marburg 1930
• Historical Sources of the Province of Saxony Vol. 40, Halle 1903
• Werneburg, localities and desert areas of Thuringia, Erfurt 1884

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Detlef Schwennicke: EUROPÄISCHE STAMMTAFELN, family tables for the history of the European states. New episode. Volume III Marburg, Verlag JA Stargardt 1985, plate no.87
2. ↑ UB Plesse, No. 216)
3. ↑ UB Reinhausen, No. 73
4. ^ UB Eichsfeld No. 634
5. ^ Johann Wolf - History of the von Hardenberg family, 1823, U 21
6. ↑ Regesten Archdiocese of Mainz, No. 439
7. ↑ Regesten Archdiocese of Mainz, No. 582
8. ↑ Pol. Business Eichsfeld, No. 64
9. ^ Regesten Archdiocese of Mainz, No. 773, 803
10. ↑ Main State Archive Hanover, Cell 8, No. 28
11. ↑ Or. Perg.StA Marburg, Wüstungen 120
12. ^ Regesten Archdiocese of Mainz, No. 1785
13. ↑ Erwin Steinmetz: The Lords of Rosdorf. History of the noble family of southern Lower Saxony , in: Göttinger Jahrbuch 30 (1982), pp. 93–132, here: p. 115.
14. ↑ Parchment manuscript, StA Magdeburg, Appendix Saxony a. Thuringia, Gen. No. 1: March 30, 1318, Friedrich von Rosdorf (Fredericus de Rostdorff, officiatus de Rusteberg), writes a "register of all possessions and income of the Archbishop of Mainz in Thuringia, status 1318". The directory, a manuscript, contains the income from the Mulburg on pages 1 and 2 (= the Mühlburg near Mühlberg, the oldest castle of the Three Equals, in Mainz possession since 1130); Page 3 contains the income from the castle Bischofsguttern, today Großengottern. This is followed by the income from Heiligenstadt, Kirch- Nieder- Hochgandern, Albeshausen, Hottenrode, Besenrode, Blankenhof, Rustenfelde, Burgvelde and Schönau. On sheet 4 follows Geismar near Göttingen, Mackenrode, Mengelrode and Lenterode. Sheet 5 contains income from the villages of Lutter and Uder. Sheet 6 the places of the rule of Hanstein Castle, also the income of the rule of Castle Stein are recorded here. They continue on sheet 7. Friedrich von Rosdorf's directory takes into account information from various older lists of goods. In his history of the Eichsfeld, Wolf refers to a part of these registers of goods, which is no longer preserved. Obviously, this list of goods was not only drawn up to suit the Archbishop's whim, but is to be understood as a kind of accountability report by Friedrich von Rosdorf, whose time as the “Amtsgraf”, Officiatus im Eichsfeld, was drawing to a close. Because at the same time, Friedrich von Rosdorf began making extensive donations and a. to initiate the archbishopric, his employer for decades, as well as to provide for his future salvation through donations to monasteries.