Gabriel Anton

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Gabriel Anton

Gabriel Anton (born August 28, 1858 in Saaz in Bohemia ; † January 3, 1933 in Halle (Saale) ) was an Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist .

resume

After attending school in Saaz and Prague the son of a builder studied in Prague and Vienna and in 1882 in Graz to the Dr. med. PhD. He initially worked as an assistant doctor under the direction of Arnold Pick at the Dobrzan insane asylum and at the Psychiatric-Neurological Clinic of the German University in Prague , before moving as an assistant to the Psychiatric Clinic in Vienna in 1887 to study with Theodor Hermann Meynert . In 1889 he completed his habilitation in psychiatry and neurology, in 1891 he was appointed professor of psychiatry at the University of Innsbruck and director of the university clinic there. In Innsbruck he became a member of the striking student union Akademischer Gesangsverein . In 1894 Anton moved to Graz as a full professor. In 1905 he took over the chair of Carl Wernicke in Halle (Saale) and was director of the university and mental hospital there. In 1926 he retired.

In 1906 Anton was appointed a privy councilor and received the Iron Cross on a white ribbon and the Red Cross Medal (Prussia) III for his work during the First World War as head of the Halle hospital for the mentally ill and consulting doctor of the IV Army Corps . Class. In 1909 he was a founding member of the International League Against Epilepsy and in 1911 he was elected a member of the Scholars' Academy of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina .

Anton's daughter Lisette (1907–1977) was married to the psychiatrist Franz Günther von Stockert .

Scientific achievement

From 1893 onwards, Anton had dealt intensively with the role of the basal ganglia in choreic movement disorders. He described the case of 9-year-old Cassian H. with choreoathetosis and suspected that the cause was an isolated change in the striatum . Taking into account the clinical symptoms and the neuropathological findings, he assumed that the complex interaction of the basal ganglia must be disturbed. He concluded that the elimination of the movement inhibition lacked the necessary prerequisites for an orderly sequence of movements and - due to the presence of an intact pyramidal path - the existence of extrapyramidal fiber paths.

In his work, Anton combined brain pathology with psychology and inspired u. a. his assistant in Graz, Otto Gross , on several work in this area. In Halle from 1909 to 1912, together with his assistant Paul Schilder (1886–1940), he dealt intensively with chorea (chorea = random, asymmetrical, sudden shooting, short-term, distally accentuated, involuntary movements of the extremities, in the face) additional grimacing and smacking occur) and athetoid (athetosis = involuntary worm-shaped, slow movements, predominantly distal on the extremities) movement disorders.

According to Anton, the Anton syndrome ( syn.visual anosognosia : the failure to perceive one's own blindness after complete loss of the visual cortex ), as well as the Anton-Babinski syndrome (syn.hemi neglect : the one-sided disturbance of the attention of one's own body and its failures with Parietal and temporal brain lesion of the right hemisphere). Finally he developed a surgical method for the treatment of hydrocephalus (so-called " Anton von Bramann bar stitch ").

Works (selection)

  • About congenital diseases of the central nervous system . Hölder, Vienna 1890.
  • About the self-perception of herder diseases by the patient in cortex blindness and deafness . In: Archives for Psychiatry and Nervous Diseases. Vol. 32, 1899, p. 86.
  • About the expression of the emotional movement in healthy and sick people. In: Psychiatric weekly. Vol. 2. 1900, pp. 165-169.
  • About mental fatigue in children in healthy and sick states. Marhold, Halle 1900.
  • with Hermann Zingerle: Structure, performance and disease of the human frontal lobe. I. Part . Festschrift of the Graz University for 1901. Leuschner & Lubensky, Graz 1902.
  • Medical information about speaking and thinking. Marhold, Halle 1907.
  • Four lectures on developmental disorders in children. Berlin 1908.
  • About pathological moral aberration in childhood and about the healing value of affects. Marhold, Halle 1910.
  • Treatment of congenital and acquired brain diseases with the help of the bar stitch. Karger, Berlin 1913.

literature

  • Friedrich Hartmann: Gabriel Anton for his 70th birthday . Munich Medical Wochenschrift 75 (1928), pp. 1505-1507.
  • E. Kumbier, K. Haack: The case of Cassian H in 1893 and his importance to the history of the extrapyramidal movement disorders . In: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 76 (2005), p. 1564, ISSN  0022-3050 . doi: 10.1136 / jnnp.2005.064543 . PMID 16227552 . PMC 1739402 (free full text).
  • E. Kumbier, K. Haack, S. Herpertz: Reflections on the work of the neuropsychiatrist Gabriel Anton (1858-1933) . In: Der Nervenarzt , 76 (2005), pp. 1132-1136, 1138, ISSN  0028-2804 . doi: 10.1007 / s00115-005-1964-z . PMID 16028080 .
  • E. Kumbier, K. Haack: Historical note. Gabriel Anton's (1858–1933) contribution to the history of neurosurgery . In: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry . 76 (2005), p. 441, ISSN  0022-3050 . doi: 10.1136 / jnnp.2004.048058 . PMID 15716546 . PMC 1739541 (free full text).
  • Reichs Handbuch der Deutschen Gesellschaft - The handbook of personalities in words and pictures , first volume, Deutscher Wirtschaftsverlag, Berlin 1930, p. 29/30, ISBN 3-598-30664-4

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Albin Kulhanek: Chronicle of the AGV Innsbruck 1863-1906. Innsbruck 2003, p. 31 .
  2. ↑ Anonymous (the Secretaries) .: Establishment of an international league against epilepsy. In: Epilepsia . tape 1 , 1909, p. 232-234 .
personal data
SURNAME Anton, Gabriel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian neurologist, psychiatrist
DATE OF BIRTH August 28, 1858
PLACE OF BIRTH Saaz
DATE OF DEATH January 3, 1933
Place of death Halle (Saale)