Gastrochilus

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Gastrochilus
Gastrochilus bellinus

Gastrochilus bellinus

Systematics
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Epidendroideae
Tribe : Vandeae
Sub tribus : Aeridinae
Genre : Gastrochilus
Scientific name
Gastrochilus
D. Don

Gastrochilus is a genus of the family of orchids (Orchidaceae). The genus was established in 1825 by the British botanist David Don on the basis of Aerides calceolaris Sm. And comprises about 60 species.

morphology

Habitus

All species in this genus are perennial epiphytes that grow along the edges of the forest on trunks or on higher branches in a partially shaded position. The size and growth habit are of essential taxonomic importance for the delimitation of the species within the genus. For example, the species from the Caespitosi section are relatively small, dwarfish and upright, whereas species from the Microphyllae section have a creeping or pendulous habit .

tribe

The differences in the shape of the monopodially growing stem axis are particularly noticeable in this genus and can also be used to delimit the species.

Distribution area of Gastrochilus
Gastrochilus acutifolius
Gastrochilus calceolaris type species of the genus
Type drawing of Gastrochilus dasypogon by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton
Gastrochilus distichus
Gastrochilus formosanus
Gastrochilus fuscopunctatus
Gastrochilus hainanensis
Gastrochilus matsudae
Gastrochilus obliquus
Gastrochilus raraensis
Gastrochilus somae , endemic to Taiwan

leaves

From a taxonomic point of view, the shape and length of the leaves are often helpful properties in order to be able to limit the species to the section or species level. The leaf tips can vary from completely pointed to a bilobate shape. However, the shape of the leaves remains unchanged within a species.

The species Gastrochilus calceolaris , Gastrochilus obliquus , Gastrochilus acaulis , Gastrochilus flabelliformis , Gastrochilus hainanensis , Gastrochilus bellinus and Gastrochilus pechei show bilobed leaf tips, with the lobes of different sizes. Gastrochilus pechei , Gastrochilus linearifolius , Gastrochilus yunnanensis and Gastrochilus formosanus have pointed or pointed leaf ends. In some species, the color of the leaves can also be decisive. This is especially true for the Microphyllae section . The upper and lower sides of Gastrochilus matsuran , Gastrochilus toramanus and Gastrochilus nanus are often red-violet dotted and reddish along the leaf margins on young leaves. However, these characteristics appear difficult to use for the delimitation of species within the genus.

blossoms

The inflorescence of a large part of the species of Gastrochilus is characterized by a compressed inflorescence axis. Usually the flowers are arranged in umbrella clusters (Corymbus) or in a downward-hanging umbel . However, in addition to Gastrochilus platycalcaratus from Burma and southern Yunnan, other species from the Philippines and Indonesia clearly form flower clusters .

The petals are not fused together. The lower part of the lip is fused with the column . The middle part is bowl-shaped - hence the generic name: from the Greek "gaster", "belly" and "cheilos", "lip", composed roughly "bulbous lip". The front part of the lip is often fringed. The stamen contains two porate pollinia .

distribution

The range of the genus Gastrochilus covers a large part of the tropical and subtropical climatic zones of Asia . It stretches from Garhwal in the western Himalayas to the south across the Dekkan in India to Sri Lanka , east to southern China, the Philippines and north to southern Japan, with the southern Honshu as the northern limit of extent. The distribution areas of the individual sections are shown on the map.

Gastrochilus pseudodistichus from the Microphyllae section

Sections

Currently, the species of the genus Gastrochilus are divided into three sections based on their trunk .

  • Section Caespitosi Z.H. Tsi

The trunk of the species in this section is always short, thin and erect. Examples are Gastrochilus xuanenensis and Gastrochilus rantabunensis .

The species in this section are characterized by elongated, thin, extended-rooted or hanging, sometimes branched trunks. Examples are: Gastrochilus affinis , Gastrochilus pseudodistichus , Gastrochilus formosanus and Gastrochilus saccatus .

  • Gastrochilus Section

All species have a relatively thick trunk of different lengths. The trunks of Gastrochilus acutifolius and Gastrochilus yunnanensis are usually about 20-30 cm long, whereas those of Gastrochilus obliquus , Gastrochilus pechei and Gastrochilus hainanensis are always short and only about 1 cm long.

species

The following species are considered valid by Kew Gardens and are broken down into the sections above:

Intergeneric hybrids

The following intergeneric hybrids with gastrochilus be at the Royal Horticultural Society listed

  • × Gastisia ( Gastrochilus × Luisia )
  • × Gastisocalpa ( Gastrochilus × Luisia × Pomatocalpa )
  • × Gastrochiloglottis ( Gastrochilus × Trichoglottis )
  • × Gastrosarcochilus ( Gastrochilus × Sarcochilus )
  • × Gastrostoma ( Gastrochilus × Cleisostoma )
  • × Gastrothera ( Gastrochilus × Renanthera )
  • × Pelachilus ( Gastrochilus × Pelatantheria )

literature

The information in this article comes mainly from:

  • ZH Tsi: A preliminary revision of Gastrochilus (Orchidaceae). In: Guihaia 1996 , 16 (2), pp. 123-154
  • G. Silk thread : Orchid genera in Thailand XIV. (= Opera Botanica No. 95), Copenhagen 1988
  • G. Seidenfaden: The orchids of Indochina. (= Opera Botanica No. 114), Copenhagen 1992

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Gastrochilus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 6, 2020.
  2. ↑ Jim B. Comber: Orchids of Java . Bentham-Moxon Trust, Kew 1990, ISBN 0-947643-21-4 , pp. 339 .
  3. ↑ List of categories with details of the archive link components ( Memento of the original from June 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rhs.org.uk

Further information

 Wikispecies: Gastrochilus  - Species Directory
Commons : Gastrochilus  - album with pictures, videos and audio files