Yellow horn poppy

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Yellow horn poppy
Yellow horn poppy (Glaucium flavum)

Yellow horn poppy ( Glaucium flavum )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Poppy Family (Papaveraceae)
Subfamily : Papaveroideae
Genre : Horn poppy ( glaucium )
Type : Yellow horn poppy
Scientific name
Glaucium flavum
Crantz

The yellow horn poppy ( Glaucium flavum ) is a species of the poppy family (Papaveraceae). The plant species from the Mediterranean area can now be found as a naturalized neophyte on many coasts of the world.

The scientific name Glaucium flavum refers to Latin : glaucus for blue-green for the appearance of the plant and Latin: flavus for yellow for the color of the petals.

description

Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 14
Whole plant
Flower with the four yellow petals and the bilobed stigma
Capsule fruits and seeds

Vegetative characteristics

The yellow horn poppy is a biennial to perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 90, sometimes 100 centimeters. It has ascending, prostrate, highly branched, bald or slightly hairy stems .

The lower leaves form a rosette and are petiolate, further up they are seated and enclose the stem at the base. The strong green leaves are thick-fleshed, pinnately cracked with serrated to lobed sections and frosted gray-green. They become up to 30 centimeters long and have up to nine incisions, whereby they are less deeply lobed towards the tip than at the base.

Generative characteristics

At the ends of the stems there is a flower above bracts , terminal or axillary.

The flowering period extends from May to August. The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry flowers have a diameter of 5 to 9 centimeters. The two 2 to 4 centimeters long sepals are often hairy and fall off when the flower opens. The four obovate, lemon to golden yellow petals often have reddish to purple spots, are 2.5 to 4 centimeters long and usually only overlap at the base. The petals usually fall off again two days after the flower has opened. Occasionally there are also three sepals and six petals. There are many stamens with yellow stamens and anthers. Two carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown. The two-lobed stigma stands directly on the ovary, so a stylus is missing.

Upright, long, narrow capsule fruits with two compartments are formed. Although the yellow horned poppy belongs to the poppy family, the capsule fruits look more like the pods of the cruciferous vegetables than the pore capsules of other well-known poppies. The bald, warty capsule fruits are between 15 and 30 centimeters long and usually slightly curved. When they are ripe in August to September, they tear open lengthways and release the seeds. The seeds are dark brown.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12.

Confusion with other species

Glaucium flavum should be confused with Meconopsis cambrica and Eschscholzia californica because of its yellow flowers .

ecology

The pollination is done by insects. Since the scar is more able to conceive than the anthers mature, self-pollination rarely occurs. This species uses the wind ( anemochory ), ants ( myrmecochory ) and Velcro to spread .

Flowers in detail of Glaucium flavum var. Leiocarpum

Occurrence

The yellow horned poppy grows on the flushing fringes of the seas in nutrient-rich, slightly salty soils . It occurs on the coasts of the entire Mediterranean area , on the Black Sea and along the coasts of Western Europe as far as the Skagerrak . But it also occurs inland on sandy to stony soils near the coast and in ruderal locations such as rubble or fallow land . Occasionally it is grown as an ornamental garden and then sometimes goes wild. In Germany and Austria, it is an inconsistent species in most areas (i.e. it is not finally naturalized). In some federal states it is on the Red Lists as a "potentially endangered" species. Overall, the population is more or less constant and this species is considered to be harmless in Central Europe .

Suitable locations for the yellow horned poppy are warm, sunny places with well-drained, weakly alkaline, nitrogen-rich soils at altitudes below 700 meters. It tolerates slightly salty soils with a chloride content of less than 0.3%. In the perennial form, the yellow poppy overwinters green. It can withstand temperatures of a maximum of −10 ° C.

Taxonomy

The Basionym Chelidonium glaucium was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz placed it in the genus Glaucium with the nomen novum Glaucium flavum Cranth .

The variety Glaucium flavum var. Leiocarpum is distributed in Cyprus , Iran and Iraq , Lebanon , Syria , Turkey and Turkmenistan .

ingredients

Especially the yellowish milky juice of the Yellow Horn poppy contains toxic isoquinoline - alkaloids . Typical representatives for this are magnoflorine , the glaucine present in the herb and the chelerythrine present in the root .

use

The roots of the yellow horn poppy were boiled in ancient Greece and the brew was used as a remedy for dysentery . Today it is occasionally used as a garden ornament.
A clear yellow edible oil can be made from the seeds. Due to the clean combustion, this can also be used as an alternative lamp fuel. The oil is also suitable for making soap.

swell

literature

  • Oskar Sebald: Guide through nature. Wild plants of Central Europe . ADAC Verlag, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-87003-352-5 .
  • Dankwart Seidel: Flowers on the Mediterranean. Determine accurately with the 3-check . BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-16294-7 .
  • Deni Bown: DuMont's Great Herbal Encyclopedia. Over 1000 herbs. 2nd Edition. DuMont, Cologne 1998, ISBN 3-7701-4607-7 .
  • Robert W. Kiger: Glaucium. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 3: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 1997, ISBN 0-19-511246-6 , Glaucium flavum , p. 303-304 (English, online ). (Section description)

Individual evidence

  1. Glaucium flavum , chromosome number at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 506 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D1%26issue%3D%26spage%3D506%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
  3. ^ Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz: Stirpium Austriacarum fasciculus. Volume 2, Paul Krauss, Vienna 1763, p. 133 online .
  4. a b B. Bös: GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium, accessed February 2008
  5. ^ Glaucium flavum at Plants For A Future

Web links

Commons : Gelber Hornmohn ( Glaucium flavum )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files