Gellert Hill

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Citadel on Gellért Hill
View from Gellért Hill to Sashegy , the largest national park in Budapest
Naphegy and Tabán in Meyer's Budapest Lexicon 1905
View of the city and the Danube
Statue of Liberty on Gellért Hill

The Gellértberg ( Hungarian Gellért-hegy ); formerly Kelenberg, Osterberg ( Hungarian Kelen-hegy ) is in the I. and XI. District of Budapest and was named after Giorgio di Sagredo , the Saint Gellért , who was thrown to death from this mountain. From 1495 the Gellértberg appears under the Latin name Mons Sancti Gerardi (Sankt-Gerhardsberg). After German emigrants settled in Ofen and Pest in the 17th century, Gellért-hegy became known as Blocksberg , the meeting place for witches.

geography

The highest point of the mountain rising steeply on the west bank of the Danube is at 235  m . It is a prominent topographical point in the landscape and clearly stands out from its surroundings. In the interior of the southeastern Gellért Hill is the large St. Iván Cave; Sulfur fumes rise up its flanks.

history

In the late Latène period , the Gellértberg, which the Romans probably called Mons Teutanus ( Teutanusberg ), carried the oppidum of the late Celtic Eraviskers on its southern slopes . After the Pannonian uprising (6-9 AD) against the Romans, at least larger parts of this people were settled in the area around what would later become the Budapest-Albertfalva fort , another in the area of Aquincum and at the Vetus Salina fort south of Albertfalva . The Gellértberg with the Civitas Eraviscorum remained inhabited by this people until after the middle of the 3rd century. In Fejér County , south of Budapest, the late Latène ceramic forms can still be traced back to the 2nd century. The cult for Teutanus, cultivated annually on June 11th, to which the Duoviri of Aquincumer Colonia consecrated an altar stone on the Gellért Hill on this occasion, is one of the most important local testimonies of the Roman Principate's time . After the end of this cult in late antiquity, a large number of the altars were built as spoilers in the then newly built Ländeburgus Bölcske .

The early modern population saw the mountain as a meeting place for witches. At the beginning of the 18th century, people believed that witches from far away areas of the country would also come to Gellért Hill. The origin of this superstition is not only due to the outstanding location of the mountain with its steep cliffs and the sulfur fumes, the large cave in the mountain could also have played its part.

Attractions

The "Monument to the Holy Martyr Bishop Gellért" commemorates the uprising of pagan Hungarians in the 11th century. According to a legend, they took the violent Christianization of Gellért as an opportunity to lock him in a barrel and plunge down the hill into the Danube. With a donation from Kaiser Wilhelm II on the occasion of a visit to Hungary in 1896, the monument was funded and completed in 1904. Behind the monument there is a colonnade and under the monument there is a natural spring, which rises as a waterfall from the Gellért Hill.

On the southern slope of Gellértberg, a grotto church was built in 1926 based on the model of Lourdes . It was walled in in 1951 and reopened in 1989. Cardinal József Mindszenty (a symbol of resistance against communism in Hungary after 1945) preached here after the Second World War (until his arrest on December 26, 1948).

At the top of the mountain is the Statue of Liberty . It was erected in 1947 to commemorate the conquest of Budapest by the Red Army (autumn 1944 to February 1945). Hungary was allied with Germany during World War II . When parts of the government considered changing sides from 1943 onwards, eight German divisions occupied Hungary on March 19, 1944.

Also on the summit is the citadel , from which one has a wide view of Budapest and in both directions along the Danube. From there you look up

The famous Hotel Gellért with the Gellért bath is located at the foot of the mountain on Gellért Square by the Liberty Bridge. In Meyer's Budapest Lexicon from 1905, Orom utca was listed as the border between old Tabán and Gellérthegy.

and display information about the image
Panorama from Gellért Hill (2013)

literature

Web links

Commons : Gellértberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Szepesi Attila: Kelen-hegy, Blocksberg, a boszorkányok hegye. mno, October 26, 2001
  2. ↑ a b c Endre Tóth: The Juppiter Teutanus altars. In: Bölcske. Roman inscriptions and finds. Hungarian National Museum. Budapest 2003, p. 401.
  3. ^ Zsolt Mráv: Castellum contra Tautantum. To identify a late Roman fortress. In: Ádám Szabó , Endre Tóth: Bölcske. Roman inscriptions and finds - In memoriam Sándor Soproni (1926–1995) Libelli archaeologici Ser. Nov. No. II. Hungarian National Museum, Budapest 2003, ISBN 963-9046-83-9 , p. 354.
  4. ^ András Mócsy : The population of Pannonia up to the Marcomann Wars. Hungarian Academy of Sciences Publishing House, Budapest 1959, p. 65.
  5. ^ Éva B. Bónis : Roman ceramic research in Hungary. In: Rei Cretariae Romanae Fautorum Ubique Consistentium acta. 1958, pp. 5-12; here, p. 9.
  6. ^ Attila Gaál : Bölcske fortlet. In: Zsolt Visy (ed.): The Roman army in Pannonia. Teleki Lázló Foundation 2003, ISBN 963-86388-2-6 , p. 176.
  7. ↑ Photo (entrance) , photo (inside)

Coordinates: 47 ° 29 '  N , 19 ° 3'  E