Georg Goubau

Georg Johann Ernst Goubau (born November 29, 1906 in Munich ; † October 17, 1980 in Eatontown , New Jersey ) was a German physicist and researcher in the field of the propagation of electromagnetic waves , originally on shortwave frequencies in the ionized plasma of the ionosphere , later at higher frequencies in waveguides and cavities . His most important invention is the Goubau line (1950) and that of the transversely open waveguide Beam Waveguide along periodically arranged millimeter- wave lenses (1961), patent filed in 1958.

Life

The Technical University of Munich was not only Goubau's training center under Jonathan Zenneck's guidance (doctorate in 1931), but also the place where he began as a lecturer (habilitation in 1936) as one of the first in Germany to study the ionosphere as an experimental and theoretical researcher. Theoretically, Goubau studied the dispersion in an electron - ion plasma, but also set up a system for echo sounding the ionosphere on shortwave in the radio station at the Herzogstand in Kochel am See . This was the first of its kind to research the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the ionosphere in Germany. Before that, he had already carried out a sounding experiment on medium wave with the Munich radio station and a receiver on the Herzog stand .

After becoming a full professor at the University of Jena in 1939 , he shifted his field of work to the microwave area. His book Electromagnetic Waveguides and Cavities (which was not published until 1955 due to the circumstances of the time) dates from this period . This title partially denotes his research interest at the time.

During the war, Goubau researched run-time tubes with different control principles. After the war, Goubau was entrusted with the publication of the FIAT Review of German Science ; He was unable to complete this task and asked his teacher Zenneck to continue the volume. Because Goubau was transferred with other German experts in the course of " Operation Paperclip " in 1947 to the USA at the Fort Monmouth Laboratory of the US Army Signal Corps . There he worked extremely versatile and successfully in the field of microwaves and optics until his retirement in 1973 . In addition to publications, many important patents were created. Since 1974 he has taught at Rutgers University and led research there.

Two fundamental publications from 1961 deal with the open waveguide for energy transmission with millimeter waves, which does not need to be guided through a material line like the Goubau line .

Simultaneously with the mathematical analysis, this transversely open free jet was tested experimentally with periodically set up microwave lenses to overcome greater distances and between spherical concave mirrors, the authors' open cavity . The term open resonator has become established for the (transversely) open cavity at that time .

In the classical work, the exact solution of the cylinder-symmetrical electromagnetic vector field is approximated paraxially according to today's speech , thus pointing the way to the orthonormal basis of the Gauss-Laguerre modes for the transverse wave field. They had proven the existence of the Gaussian beam , which was particularly important for the laser beam and resonator . The very low diffraction losses at the confocal resonator calculated and measured by the authors proved the very high stability of these modes for the laser.

Honors

IEEE fellow
IRE Harry Diamond Memorial Award (1957)
IRE John T.Bolljahn Award

Individual evidence

↑ Back cover . In: Antennas and Propagation, IRE Transactions on . tape 9 , no. 3 , 1961, pp. c4 , doi : 10.1109 / TAP.1961.1145008 .
↑ Nekrolog: In memoriam Dr. Georg Goubau
↑ ^a ^b Patent US3101472 : Transmission of electromagnetic wave beams. Published on August 20, 1963 , inventor: Georg Johann Ernst Goubau. ‌
↑ G. Goubau: Relationship between apparent and true height of the ionosphere taking into account magnetic birefringence. In: high frequency technology and electroacoustics. 1934, pp. 17-23.
↑ George Goubau, Richard Honer hunters and Rolf Müller: Electromagnetic waveguides and cavities. Scientific publishing company, Stuttgart 1955; English edition: Georg Goubau: Elektromagnetic Waveguides and Cavities (translation 1961 by Atomic Energy Commission).
↑ G. Goubau, J. Zenneck [ed.]: Electron emission, electron movement and high frequency technology , Vol. 15 of the series: Nature research and medicine in Germany 1939-1946. Wiesbaden: Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 1948. As early as June 1947, Zenneck wrote the foreword to the volume, which appeared in December 1948 in the "For Germany edition of the FIAT Review of German Science" referred to here. Georg Goubau's research in war is dealt with on pp. 201 and 206.
^ Surface Waves and Their Application to Transmission Lines . In: Journal of Applied Physics . tape 21 , no. 11 , p. 1119-1128 , doi : 10.1063 / 1.1699553 .
↑ ^a ^b G. Goubau, F. Schwering: On the guided propagation of electromagnetic wave beams . In: Antennas and Propagation, IRE Transactions on . tape 9 , no. 3 , 1961, pp. 248-256 , doi : 10.1109 / TAP.1961.1144999 .
↑ ^a ^b J. Christian, G. Goubau: Experimental studies on a beam waveguide for millimeter waves . In: Antennas and Propagation, IRE Transactions on . tape 9 , no. 3 , 1961, pp. 256-263 , doi : 10.1109 / TAP.1961.1144998 .

personal data
SURNAME	Goubau, Georg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Goubau, Georg Johann Ernst (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	German physicist
DATE OF BIRTH	November 29, 1906
PLACE OF BIRTH	Munich
DATE OF DEATH	17th October 1980
Place of death	Eatontown , New Jersey

[Goubaudaten-1] Back cover . In: Antennas and Propagation, IRE Transactions on . tape 9 , no. 3 , 1961, pp. c4 , doi : 10.1109 / TAP.1961.1145008 .

[2] Nekrolog: In memoriam Dr. Georg Goubau

[US3101472-3] Patent US3101472 : Transmission of electromagnetic wave beams. Published on August 20, 1963 , inventor: Georg Johann Ernst Goubau. ‌

[4] G. Goubau: Relationship between apparent and true height of the ionosphere taking into account magnetic birefringence. In: high frequency technology and electroacoustics. 1934, pp. 17-23.

[5] George Goubau, Richard Honer hunters and Rolf Müller: Electromagnetic waveguides and cavities. Scientific publishing company, Stuttgart 1955; English edition: Georg Goubau: Elektromagnetic Waveguides and Cavities (translation 1961 by Atomic Energy Commission).

[G-Z-6] G. Goubau, J. Zenneck [ed.]: Electron emission, electron movement and high frequency technology , Vol. 15 of the series: Nature research and medicine in Germany 1939-1946. Wiesbaden: Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 1948. As early as June 1947, Zenneck wrote the foreword to the volume, which appeared in December 1948 in the "For Germany edition of the FIAT Review of German Science" referred to here. Georg Goubau's research in war is dealt with on pp. 201 and 206.

[7] Surface Waves and Their Application to Transmission Lines . In: Journal of Applied Physics . tape 21 , no. 11 , p. 1119-1128 , doi : 10.1063 / 1.1699553 .

[Goubau-8] G. Goubau, F. Schwering: On the guided propagation of electromagnetic wave beams . In: Antennas and Propagation, IRE Transactions on . tape 9 , no. 3 , 1961, pp. 248-256 , doi : 10.1109 / TAP.1961.1144999 .

[Christian-9] J. Christian, G. Goubau: Experimental studies on a beam waveguide for millimeter waves . In: Antennas and Propagation, IRE Transactions on . tape 9 , no. 3 , 1961, pp. 256-263 , doi : 10.1109 / TAP.1961.1144998 .