Georg Joseph Kamel

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Georg Joseph Kamel (born April 21, 1661 in Brno , † May 2, 1706 in Manila ; lat. Georgius Josephus Camellus ) was a Moravian Jesuit and naturalist. Its official botanical author's abbreviation is " camel ".

Live and act

Kamel's drawing by Strychnos ignatii published in 1699

Georg Joseph Kamel was a son of the cloth cutter Andreas Kamel and his wife Rosina. From 1672 he attended the grammar school in his hometown, from which he graduated in June 1679. On November 12, 1682 he entered the Jesuit order as a novice . Kamel first attended the Jesuit seminar in Neuhaus and later the Jesuit school in Krummau , where he was trained as a pharmacist. On April 25, 1687, Kamel was sent to the Philippines with a number of other Moravian and Bohemian missionaries . The way led him via Italy and Spain to Veracruz and Acapulco . On August 6, 1689, Kamel arrived in Manila on the main island of Luzon and was assigned to the local Jesuit school.

There he built the college's pharmacy and planted a plant garden. As a sick master, Kamel was initially responsible for the health of the members of the order. In 1695 the rector promoted him to “apothecarius”, in 1699 he was awarded the title “botanicus”. From 1705 Kamel was supported by three lay brothers who helped him in the pharmacy and in the plant garden. Kamel remained a lay brother and did not take his last religious vows until August 15, 1696, shortly after his arrival in Manila. Kamel died of complications from diarrhea when he was only 45 years old .

In Asia, Kamel had correspondence with the doctor Willem ten Rhijne , who was in the service of the Dutch East India Company and stationed in Batavia , and with Samuel Browne , who was a doctor for the British East India Company in Madras . Ten Rhijne referred him to other Dutch botanists and provided Kamel with books. We have survived two letters from him to Kamel (July 20, 1698, August 29, 1699) and one from Kamel (October 29, 1700). The written exchange with Browne went back to the year 1696. Browne drew James Petiver's attention to Kamel, with whom a correspondence was also emerging. Kamel sent plants and seeds from Chinese species introduced into the Philippines to Petivier via Browne. The lists of material sent via Browne to John Ray and Hans Sloane in January 1698 were preserved, but both sets of his notes and drawings were lost in a pirate attack. A year later, Kamel sent replacements to Browne, who, however, had recently passed away. With the support of Browne's successor Edward Bulkley (1651-1714), the shipment reached Ray in 1701.

In October 1698 Ray had received some drawings and descriptions of plants growing in the Philippines which he considered suitable for publication in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society . Camel first post in the Philosophical Transactions appeared shortly afterwards in January 1699. In the March issue followed by a cover of a drawing description of the medicinal properties of Strychnos ignatii , a plant whose initial description by Peter Jonas Bergius took place only 1778th Kamel's contributions to the Philosophical Transactions were not limited to the plant world. He made contributions on birds , corals , fish , mollusks , crustaceans , quadrupeds and snakes (1706); Shells , minerals , fossils and thermal springs (1708) as well as spiders and beetles (1711).

reception

Carl von Linné named the genus Camellia (camellia) of the tea plant family (Theaceae) in his honor .

On the occasion of Kamel's 300th anniversary of his death, a camellia exhibition was initially shown in the Brno Ethnographic Museum in his hometown Brno in mid-March 2006 under the title “Kamélie exotická”. This was followed by an exhibition on his life that was shown until June, for which an exhibition catalog was also published. A commemorative event was held at Rájec nad Svitavou Castle . From June 8th to 10th, 2006, an international conference was held at the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Brno , which dealt with camel's botanical achievements. On December 21, 2006, Czech television broadcast a documentary about camels lasting just under an hour.

Fonts

Appendix in Rays Historia plantarum
  • Herbarium aliarumque stirpium in Insulâ Luzone Philippinarum Primariâ nascentium . In: John Ray : Historia plantarum . Volume 3, London 1704, Appendix, pp. 1-42 ( online ).
  • Descriptiones fruticum & arborum Luzonis, a Revdo . In: John Ray: Historia plantarum . Volume 3, London 1704, Appendix, pp. 43-96 ( online ).
In the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
  • A Description and Figure of the True Amomum, or Tugus. Sent from the Reverend Father George Camelli, at the Phillipine Isles, to Mr. John Ray and Mr. James Petiver, Fellows of the Royal Society . Volume 21, number 248, 1699, pp. 2-4 ( DOI: 10.1098 / rstl.1699.0002 ).
  • An Account of the Vertues of Faba Sti Ignatii, Mentioned Last Transaction . Volume 21, number 250, 1699, p. 87 ( DOI: 10.1098 / rstl.1699.0018 ).
  • A Further and More Exact Account of the Same, Sent in a Letter from Father Camelli, to Mr. John Ray, and Mr. James Petiver, Fellows of the Royal Society . Volume 21, number 250, 1699, pp. 88-94 ( DOI: 10.1098 / rstl.1699.0019 ).
  • To Account of Mr. Sam. Brown His Sixth Book of East India Plants, with Their Names, Vertues, Description, etc. By James Petiver, Apothecary, and Fellow of the Royal Society. To These are Added Some Animals, etc. Which the Reverend Father George Joseph Camel, Very Lately Sent Him from the Philippine Isles . In: Philosophical Transactions . Volume 23, number 277, 1702, pp. 1055-1068 ( DOI: 10.1098 / rstl.1702.0003 ).
  • Georgij Josephi Cameli Observationes de Avibus Philippensibus; Communicatae a Jacobo Petiver. SRS Volume 23, Number 285, 1702 pp. 1394-1399 ( DOI: 10.1098 / rstl.1702.0051 ).
  • A Description of Some Coralls, and Other Curious Submarines Lately Sent to James Petiver, Apothecary and Fellow of the Royal Society, from the Philippine Isles by the Reverend George Joseph Camel; As Also an Account of Some Plants from Chusan an Island on the Coast of China; Collected by Mr James Cuninghame, Chyrurgeon & FRS Volume 23, Number 286, 1702, pp. 1419-1429 ( DOI: 10.1098 / rstl.1702.0056 ).
  • Tractatulus de Ambaro, a Reverendo DDGJ Camello, Communicatus D. Jacobo Petiverio Societatis Regiae Socio . Volume 24, number 291, 1704, pp. 1591–1596 ( DOI: 10.1098 / rstl.1704.0017 ).
  • RP Georg. Jos. Camel. Tractatus de Plantis Philippensibus Scandentibus, ad Jacobum Petiver, SRS Missus . Volume 24, number 293, 1704, pp. 1707-1722 ( DOI: 10.1098 / rstl.1704.0034 ).
  • George. Joseph. Camel. De Plantis Philippen-Sibus Scandentibus; Pars 2da. Ad Jacobum Petiver, SRS Nuper Transmissa . Volume 24, number 294, 1704, pp. 1763-1773 ( DOI: 10.1098 / rstl.1704.0042 ).
  • George. Joseph. Camel. de Plantis Philippensibus Scandentibus; Pars Tertia. Ad Jacobum Petiver, SRS Nuper Transmissa . Volume 24, number 295, 1704, p. 1809 ( DOI: 10.1098 / rstl.1704.0053 ).
  • RP Geo. Jos. Camelli, De Plantis Philippen-Sibus Scandentibus, Pars Quarta. Ad D. Jacobum Petiver, SRS Nuper Transmissa . Volume 24, number 296, 1704, pp. 1816-1842 ( DOI: 10.1098 / rstl.1704.0055 ).
  • De Piscibus, Moluscis & Crustaceis Philippensibus, Ex MSS. RP Geo. Jos. Camelli ad D. Jacobum Petiver, SRS Transmissis . Volume 24, number 301, 1704, pp. 2043-2080 ( DOI: 10.1098 / rstl.1704.0084 ).
  • De Quadrupedibus Philippensibus Tractat. a Reverendo Georg. Jos. Camel. Transmissus Jacobo Petiver, Pharmacop. & Societ. Regiae Soc. Londini . Volume 25, number 305, 1706, pp. 2197-2204 ( DOI: 10.1098 / rstl.1706.0002 ).
  • De Monstris, Quasi Monstris & Monstrosis; Item de Serpentibus, etc. Philippensibus, ex MS. RP Geo. Jos. Camelli. Communicavit D. Jac. Petiver. Pharmacop. Lond. & SRS Volume 25, Number 307, 1706, pp. 2266-2276 ( DOI: 10.1098 / rstl.1706.0019 ).
  • De Conchy Liss Turbinatis, Bivalvibus & Univalvibus, Item de Mineralibus, Fossilibus, & Thermis Phillippensibus, ex MS SRP Geo. Jos. Camel. Communicavit D. Jacobus Petiver, Pharmacop. Londin. & Soc. Reg. S. Volume 25, number 311, 1706, pp. 2397-2408 ( DOI: 10.1098 / rstl.1706.0043 ).
  • De Variis Animalibus Philippensibus, ex MSS. RP Geo. Jos Camelli. Communicavit D. Jac. Petiver, SRS Volume 26, Number 318, 1708, pp. 241-248 ( DOI: 10.1098 / rstl.1708.0037 ).
  • De Araneis & Scarabaeis Philippensibus. Ex MSS. RP Geo. Jos. Camelli. Communicavit Jacobus Petiver, SRS Volume 27, number 331, 1711, pp. 310-315 ( DOI: 10.1098 / rstl.1710.0025 ).

proof

literature

  • Georg Joseph Camel (1661–1706). Sborník z kongresu s mezinárodní účastí, Brno, 8. – 10. 6. 2006 . VFU Brno, Brno 2006 ( PDF ).
  • Josef Gicklhorn:  Camel (Camellus, Kam (m) el), Georg Joseph. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 103 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Renée Gicklhorn: Mission Pharmacist . German pharmacists in Latin America in the 17th and 18th centuries . Publications of the International Society for the History of Pharmacy eV, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1973, pp. 57–65.
  • Raquel AG Reyes: Botany and zoology in the late seventeenth-century Philippines: the work of Georg Josef Camel, SJ (1661-1706) . In: Archives of Natural History . Volume 36, Number 2, 2009, pp. 262-276 ( doi : 10.3366 / E0260954109000989 ).
  • Benjamin Vallejo Jr .: Georg Joseph Kamel, SJ (1661-1706): First Biodiversity Scientist in the Philippines . In: Gisela P. Padilla Concepcion, Eduardo A. Padlan, Caesar A. Saloma (Eds.): Selected Essays on Science and Technology for Securing a Better Philippines . Volume 1, UP Press, 2008, ISBN 978-971-542-592-6 , pp. 164-166.
  • Lilian Rechinger: NGO instead of the state. Medical care in the highlands of Mindanao. Diploma thesis, University of Vienna, 2010, pp. 13–15 (chapter “1.1.2.2 Georg Joseph Kamel, pharmacist, botanist, doctor and naturalist in the Philippines, an example of the role of the church in medical care”; PDF on core. ac.uk).
  • Josef Koláček : Brněnské vavříny . In: 200 let jezuitů v Brně. Velehrad 2002, ISBN 80-86045-88-9 , p. 117.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Renée Gicklhorn: Mission pharmacist . German pharmacists in Latin America in the 17th and 18th centuries . 1973, pp. 57-65.
  2. ^ Raquel AG Reyes: Botany and zoology in the late seventeenth-century Philippines: the work of Georg Josef Camel, SJ (1661-1706) . 2009, p. 263.
  3. ^ Georg Joseph Kamel to John Ray, October 28, 1700 . In: Edwin Lankester: The Correspondence of John Ray: Consisting of selections from the philosophical letters published by Dr Derham, and original letters of John Ray, in the collection of the British Museum . Ray Society, London 1848, pp. 377-378 ( online ).
  4. ↑ John Ray to Georg Joseph Kamel, 1700? In: Edwin Lankester: The Correspondence of John Ray: Consisting of selections from the philosophical letters published by Dr Derham, and original letters of John Ray, in the collection of the British Museum . Ray Society, London 1848, p. 378 ( online ).
  5. ^ Raquel AG Reyes: Botany and zoology in the late seventeenth-century Philippines: the work of Georg Josef Camel, SJ (1661-1706) . 2009, pp. 265-267.
  6. ^ John Ray to Hans Sloane, October 26, 1698 . In: Edwin Lankester: The Correspondence of John Ray: Consisting of selections from the philosophical letters published by Dr Derham, and original letters of John Ray, in the collection of the British Museum . Ray Society, London 1848, p. 345 ( online) .
  7. ↑ John Ray to Hans Sloane, November 16, 1698 . In: Edwin Lankester: The Correspondence of John Ray: Consisting of selections from the philosophical letters published by Dr Derham, and original letters of John Ray, in the collection of the British Museum . Ray Society, London 1848, pp. 347-348 ( online) .
  8. ↑ Peter Jonas Bergius: Materia medica e regno vegetabili, sistens simplicia officinalia, pariter atque culinaria . Volume 1, Stockholm 1778, pp. 146-147 ( online ).
  9. ^ Carl von Linné: Critica Botanica . Leiden 1737, p. 92 ( online ).
  10. ↑ Carl von Linné: Genera Plantarum . Leiden 1742, p. 334 ( online ).
  11. ↑ Veronika Syslová: Georgius Josephus Camel - významný Brněnský Rodak . Brno 2006, 50 pages.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Kamel, Georg Joseph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Camellus, Georgius Josephus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian naturalist, doctor and Jesuit
DATE OF BIRTH April 21, 1661
PLACE OF BIRTH Brno
DATE OF DEATH May 2, 1706
Place of death Manila