Gerda Kruger-Nieland

Gerda Krüger-Nieland (born June 22, 1910 in Bremen ; † September 21, 2000 in Karlsruhe ) was a German lawyer and first president of the Senate at the Federal Court of Justice .

Life

She was a daughter of the Reich judge Ludwig Nieland . After a childhood in Hamburg , she passed the Abitur at the Goethe Gymnasium in Leipzig in 1929 with very good grades. Under the influence of the father she studied in Freiburg and Leipzig law . She passed the two state exams in 1933 and 1938 with distinction. In 1934 she received her doctorate with a dissertation on publishing law. She had become acquainted with publishing law during a traineeship in a law firm specializing in expert opinions for the major German publishers.

After the second state examination, she did not have the opportunity to become a judge or a lawyer. Women had been entitled to admission to the legal professions after passing the second state examination since 1922, and even under National Socialism they still had the formal right. However, the career as a judge was blocked by a simple decree of the Reich Minister of Justice of September 17, 1935, which effectively meant the new hiring of women. She also didn't have the opportunity to work as a lawyer. Neither the Lawyers Act of April 7, 1933, nor the Reich Lawyers Act in the National Socialist revision of 1936 prohibited female lawyers. In fact, women were simply no longer admitted, as they were excluded from the legal trial as a lawyer assessor , which was necessary until 1959 . The Reich Minister of Justice had to decide on admission to this according to § 4 I RAO and he did not give his consent in principle. In one of her certificates there was also the note "Refuses the Hitler salute ".

Like many female lawyers at the time, she took over the representation of lawyers drafted for military service in Berlin , Düsseldorf and Elbing . This was only possible due to the lack of lawyers. At first she worked as an in-house counsel in a Silesian industrial company in Görlitz .

In 1945 she fled the Soviet occupation zone to Hamburg. In the same year she became a lawyer there and mainly worked as a criminal defense attorney. Although she had never worked as a judge before, she became a judge at the newly established Federal Court of Justice in 1951. In 1965 she was the first woman to be appointed President of the First Civil Senate . This she was until she retired in 1978.

Krüger-Nieland has received numerous awards, including honorary membership in the International Society for Copyright (INTERGU) and the Richard Strauss Medal from GEMA . For a long time she was part of the permanent deputation of the German Lawyers' Association .

She was married to the actor and director Detlof Krüger , with whom she had a son.

literature

Joachim Bornkamm , Rolf Danckwerts: Judge personality: Gerda Krüger-Nieland (1910–2000) . In: Commercial legal protection and copyright . tape 112 , no. 9 , 2010, p. 761-767 .
Willi Erdmann : Gerda Krüger-Nieland . In: New legal weekly . tape 54 , no. 3 , 2001, p. 206-207 . [Obituary]
Otto-Friedrich Freiherr von Gamm : Gerda Krüger-Nieland 80 years . In: Archive for Copyright, Film, Radio and Theater Law (UFITA) . tape 114 , 1990, pp. 3-4 .
Walter Oppenhoff : Dr. Gerda Krüger-Nieland on her 70th birthday on June 22nd, 1980 . In: Commercial legal protection and copyright . tape 82 , no. 6 , 1980, pp. 511 . [With picture]
Manfred Rehbinder : Gerda Krüger-Nieland . In: Archive for Copyright and Media Law (UFITA) . No. 1 , 2001, p. 5-7 . [Obituary; with picture]

Individual evidence

↑ Law on the admission of women to the offices and professions of the administration of justice of July 11, 1922 , RGBl. I, p. 573 f.
↑ See also the First Law on the Transition of the Administration of Justice to the Reich of February 16, 1934 (RGBl. I, p. 91): “Article 3. Anyone who has acquired the qualification for the office of judge must in accordance with the applicable Reich legal provisions in each country be admitted to the bar. "
^ Dagmar Coester-Waltjen: The law degree . Berlin [u. a.]: de Gruyter 1993, 2nd edition, p. 179.
↑ RGBl. I 1933, p. 188 .
↑ RGBl. I 1936, p. 107 ff.
↑ Barbara Dölemeyer : The Frankfurt legal profession between 1933 and 1945 . In: Lawyers and their self-administration 1878 to 1998 , ed. v. the Frankfurt am Main Bar Association, Wiesbaden 1998, p. 59; quoted from the website of the Frankfurt Institute for Urban History .

personal data
SURNAME	Kruger-Nieland, Gerda
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	German lawyer and President of the Senate at the Federal Court of Justice
DATE OF BIRTH	June 22, 1910
PLACE OF BIRTH	Bremen
DATE OF DEATH	September 21, 2000
Place of death	Karlsruhe

[1] Law on the admission of women to the offices and professions of the administration of justice of July 11, 1922 , RGBl. I, p. 573 f.

[2] See also the First Law on the Transition of the Administration of Justice to the Reich of February 16, 1934 (RGBl. I, p. 91): “Article 3. Anyone who has acquired the qualification for the office of judge must in accordance with the applicable Reich legal provisions in each country be admitted to the bar. "

[3] Dagmar Coester-Waltjen: The law degree . Berlin [u. a.]: de Gruyter 1993, 2nd edition, p. 179.

[4] RGBl. I 1933, p. 188 .

[5] RGBl. I 1936, p. 107 ff.

[6] Barbara Dölemeyer : The Frankfurt legal profession between 1933 and 1945 . In: Lawyers and their self-administration 1878 to 1998 , ed. v. the Frankfurt am Main Bar Association, Wiesbaden 1998, p. 59; quoted from the website of the Frankfurt Institute for Urban History .