German coarse

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German Grobe (second from left) with his family in Katwijk , 1936

German Grobe (born January 27, 1857 in Hanau / Main, † November 9, 1938 in Düsseldorf ) was a German painter .

Life

German Grobe was the son of the businessman Johannes Grobe and his wife Amalie, b. Eberhard. After receiving first lessons from Georg Cornicelius in his hometown , he attended the Städelsche Kunstinstitut in Frankfurt am Main from 1873 to 1876 , where he was a student of Eduard von Steinle . In October 1877 Grobe went to Ludwig von Löfftz at the Munich Art Academy and in 1879 moved to the Düsseldorf Art Academy , where he was initially a student of Eduard von Gebhardt . From 1880 to 1883 he was a student of Eugen Dücker , one of the leading landscape painters in Germany. In preparation for his new teacher, Grobe visited the Ekensund artists' colony on the north bank of the Flensburg Fjord for eight weeks in the summer of 1879 . For Grobe, however, the decisive artistic impulse came from Dücker's predecessor Andreas Achenbach , whose realistic, pathetic seascapes in Germany shaped the idea of ​​"picturesque Holland" for many years.

Grobe undertook study trips to the coastal regions of Bordighera / Riviera (1881 and 1882), Le Tréport / Normandie and Vlissingen (1882), Sylt and again Vlissingen (1883) and Ekensund (1884). Another study trip took him to Egmond aan Zee in 1884 .

After his marriage to Margarethe von Schultz (1884), Grobe changed residence several times. At first he was based in Düsseldorf, from 1885 to 1887 in Hamburg and from 1888 to 1891 in Munich. In Hamburg he became a member of the Hamburg Artists' Association from 1832 . In 1892 he settled permanently in Düsseldorf, but changed his place of residence here frequently until he lived for the rest of his life at Winkelsfelder Straße 15 in the Pempelfort district , where he bought a house in 1907.

From 1887 onwards, Grobe, accompanied by his family, went on study trips to Katwijk every year , where he kept returning until the end of his life. Grobe, who worked responsibly in an evangelical free church community, led a very withdrawn life. With Wilhelm Hambüchen , Heinrich Hermanns , Eugen Kampf a . a. he belonged to the Association of Düsseldorf Artists . From 1884 he was represented with his pictures at exhibitions in Düsseldorf, Berlin, Munich, Vienna, Magdeburg, Bremen and Dresden. In 1902 he founded a "painting school for women" in Düsseldorf. On the occasion of his 70th birthday, the Art Association for the Rhineland and Westphalia in Düsseldorf honored him in 1927 with a solo exhibition. On the occasion of his 80th birthday, "some significant works" were exhibited again in the same place. In September 1937 the municipality of Katwijk honored the 80-year-old artist on the occasion of the 50th return of his first visit. The press extensively praised his life's work, and the party ended with a serenade and the Dutch national anthem. Grobe died on November 9, 1938 in Düsseldorf.

plant

On the beach in Katwijk
Mussel fishermen
Fishing cart on the beach

The great success that Andreas Achenbach had with the so-called marine genre prompted Grobe at the age of 26 to also turn to the life and goings-on of Dutch fishermen and seamen on the beach, the port facilities and the departing and arriving fishing boats. Under the influence of Achenbach, the first large naval picture was created around 1882/1883, port entrance during a storm . This was followed by pictures in which the theme of the “Dutch fishing flotilla” appears in multiple variations: up to ten flat-bottomed fishing vessels, Dutch “bomb suites”, are anchored on the bank, while people gather on the bank to begin unloading the catch.

The stays in his second home Katwijk brought him artistically close to the painters of the Hague School , especially to their most popular representative, Hendrik Willem Mesdag . Grobe knew how to depict fishing boats on the sea in a suggestive way, but there are also pure images of the sea under the influence of light and wind with and without a beach. In Katwijk, Grobe expanded the spectrum of his work to include fish auctions on the beach, mussel fishermen with their carts, bathers and children on the edge of the sea. Influenced by Max Liebermann's epoch-making picture of the Netzflickerinnen (1889), Grobe also took up this topic. Grobe and Liebermann met in Katwijk in 1890, which may have given Grobe an additional boost to compete with the famous compatriot. Further overlaps with Liebermann can be found in the motif of the potato harvest. Another complex of motifs are local views of Katwijk with the people living here in their characteristic ancient costumes. As with countless other artists, Grobe also uses the motif of the alleys around the Oude Kerk and the lock on the Old Rhine.

Out of concern for the livelihood of his family of eight, Grobe behaved in line with the market. Grobe was extremely productive on the basis of numerous pencil drawings and oil studies made on site. Many of the pictures were made to order and, as Dietrich Bieber writes, "from around 1916 onwards, increasingly retrospectively, the everyday life of the Katwijk population living from fishing."

Publicly owned works can be found in the Katwijks Museum, Stedelijk Museum De Lakenhal Leiden, Museum Kunstpalast Düsseldorf, Museumsberg Flensburg , Museum Art of the West Coast in Alkersum on Föhr, Altona Museum Hamburg and Historisches Museum Schloss Philippsruhe, Hanau.

  • Tinkerers with a goat in the dunes , undated, oil on canvas, laid on cardboard, 35 × 44 cm, Museum Kunst der Westüste, Alkersum

  • Fishermen at work on the beach in Katwijk , undated, oil on canvas, relined, 36 × 53 cm, Museum Art of the West Coast, Alkersum

  • The fisherman , oil on cardboard, 38 × 23 cm

Exhibitions

  • 1998 German Grobe (1857–1938) , solo exhibition, Katwijks Museum.

literature

Web links

Commons : German Grobe  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Grobe, German
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter
DATE OF BIRTH January 27, 1857
PLACE OF BIRTH Hanau
DATE OF DEATH November 9, 1938
Place of death Dusseldorf