Web and bud moths
| Web and bud moths | ||||||||||
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Bird cherry web moth ( Yponomeuta evonymellus ) |
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| Yponomeutidae | ||||||||||
| Stephens , 1829 |
The spider and bud moths (Yponomeutidae) are a family of butterflies . There are around 900 species worldwide. Of these, 116 species are known from Europe , 74 are also found in Central Europe . The main distribution area is the tropics .
description
Their front wings are often whitish with dark spots, their hind wings gray; when closed, they form a steep roof shape. The moths have a wingspan of up to 25 millimeters. After oviposition there are 4–5 larval stages with different colors.
The caterpillars of some types of web moths mine in leaves and needles. Others also feed on buds or unfolded leaves, including flowers. They are named after the webs in which they pupate, individually or in groups, depending on the species. In total, the caterpillars of the web and bud moths can be found on around 50 plant families, they mainly feed on sweet grasses (Poaceae) or deciduous trees. Webbing can encompass entire trees and even benches. They used to be used as a base for a cobweb picture .
Some species, such as the apple tree spun moth, damage fruit and garden trees and are therefore fought.
For centuries, preferably in dry and hot weather, there has been repeated mass reproduction and devastation of the respective caterpillar forage plants.
Systematics (selection)
Scythropiinae
- Scythropia crataegella ( Linnaeus , 1767)
Yponomeutinae
- Cedestis gysseleniella ( Zeller , 1839) on Scots pine and coastal pine
- Ocnerostoma friesei Svenson , 1966 on Scots pine
- Paraswammerdamia nebulella ( Goeze , 1783) on hawthorn and rowan berries
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Prays
- Ash butterfly moth ( Prays fraxinella ) ( Bjerkander , 1784) on ash
- Prays ruficeps ( Heinemann , 1854) on ash
- Swammerdamia compunctella ( Herrich-Schäffer , 1855) on hawthorn and rowan
- Swammerdamia pyrella ( de Villers , 1789) on apple, pear and hawthorn
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Yponomeuta
- Pfaffhütchen spun moth ( Yponomeuta cagnagella ( Hübner , 1813)) on eucones
- Bird cherry web moth ( Yponomeuta evonymella ( Linnaeus , 1758)) on common bird cherry
- Yponomeuta irrorella ( Huebner , 1796)
- Apple web moth ( Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller , 1838) on apple
- Plum moth ( Yponomeuta padella ( Linnaeus , 1758)) on sloe, hawthorn, plum and cherry
- Buckthorn web moth ( Yponomeuta plumbella ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775)) on eccentric cones, buckthorn, and sloe
- Yponomeuta rorrella ( Huebner , 1796)
- Sedum web moth ( Yponomeuta sedella ( Treitschke , 1833)) on sedum plant
- Zelleria hepariella Stainton , 1849
Argyresthiinae
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Argyresthia
- Argyresthia albistria ( Haworth , 1828)
- Argyresthia goedartella ( Linnaeus , 1758) on birch and alder
- Cherry blossom moth ( Argyresthia pruniella ( Clerck , 1759)) on cherry, peach etc.
- Argyresthia pygmaeella ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775) on pasture
- Argyresthia retinella Zeller , 1839 on willow, birch and poplar
- Argyresthia spinosella Stainton , 1849 on sloe
- Juniper moth ( Argyresthia trifasciata Staudinger , 1871) on juniper, cypress, arborvitae, etc.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Yponomeutidae. Fauna Europaea, accessed June 22, 2007 .
- ↑ Yponomeutidae. Lepiforum eV, accessed on July 22, 2007 .
literature
- Hans-Joachim Hannemann: feather moths, web moths, real moths. - Germany's Wildlife Part 63, 1977
- Thomas Kaltenbach, Peter Victor Küppers: Small butterflies. Verlag J. Neudamm-Neudamm, Melsungen 1987, ISBN 3-7888-0510-2
