Glaner bride

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Glaner bride Glaner Bride I to IV
Parts of the destroyed large stone graves

Parts of the destroyed large stone graves
Glaner Bride (Lower Saxony)
Red pog.svg
Coordinates 52 ° 55 '49.9 "  N , 8 ° 22' 30.1"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 55 '49.9 "  N , 8 ° 22' 30.1"  E
place Rural community Wildeshausen , Lower Saxony , Germany
Emergence 3500 to 2800 BC Chr.
Sprockhoff no. 948-951

The Glaner Braut is a Neolithic ensemble of four megalithic systems from the funnel beaker culture . The system with the Sprockhoff numbers 948–951 is located near the Lower Saxony district town of Wildeshausen . The structures were built between 3500 and 2800 BC. BC Neolithic monuments are an expression of the culture and ideology of Neolithic societies. The passage grave is a form of Neolithic megalithic systems, which consists of a chamber and a structurally separated, lateral passage. This form is primarily found in Denmark, Germany and Scandinavia, as well as occasionally in France and the Netherlands.

Location, protected position (1934/1939)

The Glaner Braut is on the left bank of the Hunte , in the area of ​​the Wildeshauser Bauerschaft Glane , directly opposite the municipality of Dötlingen , in the Glaner Heide nature reserve , in the Wildeshauser Geest , six kilometers from the Wildeshauser town center.

On April 2, 1934, the graves were placed under monument protection and they also came into state ownership. In addition, the entire piece of heather was placed under nature protection in 1939 . The Wildeshauser Geest association set up information boards in 2006.

Search for the megalithic builders' settlements

While the large number of megalithic buildings in the vicinity of the Glaner Braut suggests a relatively high density of settlements, until a few years ago such settlements could only be proven from surface finds. These were mainly flint artifacts and ceramic shards that were reported to the monument authorities. Against this background, a site south of Ahlhorn in the immediate vicinity of a megalithic grave is of considerable importance. There the Lower Saxony State Office for the Preservation of Monuments discovered the remains of a settlement from the late 4th millennium BC. In 2010, geomagnetic measurements of a funnel-era settlement near Holzhausen that were excavated by the State Office found irregularities in the ground that can be compared with Neolithic earthworks, but only a few pits were discovered there that contained material from the Iron Age to the Imperial Age. On the other hand, it was possible to uncover a house floor plan and two flat graves in Visbek-Uhlenkamp.

The peat deposits of the Wildeshauser Geest were largely wiped out by peat extraction and agriculture. Obtaining pollen profiles is only possible in a few locations. A profile from a low moor south of Ahlhorn in the immediate vicinity of a destroyed large stone grave and corresponding settlement remains is an exception here. Samples from the Round Moore were examined palynologically . Sustainable results are not yet available (as of 2018).

Surname

The Glaner Braut is named after the nearby village of Glane , a farming community in the Wildeshausen rural community. This name, in turn, was still speculated at the end of the 1950s, “but probably” goes back to Celtic origins, hence “possibly” the name of the floodplain flowing past it at the time. During the reign of the National Socialists, the buildings were more likely to be attributed to "Teutons", or at least brought into a distant context. And it was always about meeting places and "mighty stone setting", as Wilhelm Teudt speculated in 1936, who also believed to have discovered "Trojaburgen" nearby: "On the" Loh "near Dötlingen, the large Germanic meeting place in Oldenburg (in near the huge megalithic sites "Glaner Braut", "Visbeck Bride and Bridegroom") I found a field abandoned to devastation with the still unmistakable remains of numerous Troy castles. "

In contrast to the “ Visbeker Bride ”, the second part of the name did not focus on the intentional connection between the cult of the dead and wedding customs when naming the “Glaner Bride”. Even if the Sagensammelstelle “Jetzt.at” does not have a written version of a legend about a “Glaner Bride” from the time before the 20th century, the monument appears in the work Fleeting Travel Pictures and Sketches by an old officer from 1863 under this name. Presumably, before the 20th century, they wanted to build a bridge to the then better known “Visbeker Bride”. Evidently there were already efforts in the 1820 and 1830s to find out more about the facilities, although one did not shy away from blasting individual stones (p. 108). The corresponding borehole could still be seen in the 1860s. Two stones were also removed in order to be able to dig underneath. In addition, a wall with birch trees was created that surrounded the complex. This anonymous author already suspected the transfer of the second part of the name from the Visbeker bride to the Monument on the Hunte (p. 110).

In contrast to the Visbeker bride, today's name is not yet recorded in an official card from 1765, and between 1806 and 1808 this name is also missing in a series of maps about Wildeshausen. The said part of the name was probably transferred between around 1810 and 1830, or at the latest in 1860. The loan from the Visbeker bride was suspected again in 1879 at the latest.

It is said that the wealthy people of the Glane tribe lived on the grounds of the “Glaner Bride”. Prince Glanos resided in grave I, the largest grave complex of the “Glaner Braut”. The smaller graves would have served as huts for the people.

Children and young people in particular, who are housed in the nearby school camp, are told that grave I was once the foundation of a huge temple belonging to Prince Glanos. A flame burned in the temple that should never have gone out. When Amelhusen blasphemed the gods and crushed the fire in the temple, Prince Glanos said: “This village is cursed until the youngest and most beautiful come from the distant Hammaburg and redeem the kingdom through their deeds. You will bring flints and light a new flame. ”(Variant told to students from Hamburg).

description

The Glaner Braut consists of a group of four megalithic systems, which were numbered from I to IV. It is located in a heather near the bank of the Hunte . Typologically, the systems are difficult to integrate because the degree of destruction is relatively high.

Great stone grave Glaner Braut 1
Glaner bride 2
Glaner bride 3
Glaner bride 4
  • The Glaner Braut I is about 50 m long and trapezoidal width of 6 to 8 m, the largest of the group. Its approximately 2 m wide chamber, of which only six bearing stones have survived, has been badly damaged.
  • The Glaner Bride II lies next to it at a right angle. It has an extension of 30 m with a width of 5 m.
  • Only one 6 × 2 m chamber has survived from the Glaner Braut III .
  • Only the remains of the burial chamber of Glaner Braut IV can be seen. A capstone is about 14 m away.

In the area of ​​the Wildeshauser Geest Nature Park and its immediate surroundings there are another 36 facilities of a similar type. The Glaner Braut is one of 33 stations that belong to the Route of Megalithic Culture.

Re-use: urn finds from the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages

In the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age, urn burials were carried out in the soil between the enclosure and the actual burial chamber, which was uncovered in the southern large stone grave in the 1980s, i.e. at Glaner Braut 2. In August 2011, R. Laskowski from Braunschweig discovered the partially exposed rim of a clay pot in the sandy soil, which turned out to be a second urn that was dated to the younger Iron Age. But both urns did not contain any additions, only corpse burns. A total of six urn finds were made in this area between 1965 and 2011, which were probably filed in a relatively short period.

The urn from 2011 - referred to as burial 1 - was completely preserved, even if it was cracked; further shards probably belong to a former cover shell. The urn, filled with a lot of corpse burn, probably of a man between 54 and 60 years old, stood in a narrow pit about 50 by 40 cm. This was located between the northern end of the burial chamber and the surrounding stones. The vessel belongs to a group that is known in northwestern Germany as a terrine, a squat, upper, three-part vessel with a curved shoulder and conical neck. A bulge handle is attached to the neck and shoulder. The vessel could be dated by comparing the transition from period V to IV. The deceased suffered during his lifetime - he measured about 162 ± 3.3 cm - from a highly inflamed tooth socket of a posterior molar. Spondylosis was found in one cervical vertebra, two lumbar vertebrae and particularly pronounced on the sacrum .

In 1965 an urn was recovered for the first time; the circumstances of the find are unknown. The urn was found directly on the outer edge of the northern narrow side beam of the chamber. It is a two-part top urn with a retracted top. It could be classified in period V after Montelius. The corpse burn possibly indicates a man, in any case a very robust individual from 47 to 54 years of age due to physical stress. Almost all vertebral bodies show spondylosis, the jaw indicates a highly inflammatory periodontitis. The individual may have had quite small benign or malignant bone tumors.

Both burials 3 and 4 show too little corpse burn for an anthropological investigation. Burial 3 was discovered on June 11, 1975 when a schoolboy found a vessel that was given to the Focke Museum in Bremen. From there it came into the possession of the Oldenburg Museum. Such vessels, also known as funnel neck double cones, can only be categorized very imprecisely in time, namely between the Young Bronze Age and Latène C / D.

About a year later, on May 19, 1976, during an excursion to the Department of Prehistory and Protohistory at the University of Münster under the direction of Dr. P. Glüsing recovered the remains of an urn and the corpse burn from a stone surrounding the giant bed. The only seven shards of the wall and the small amounts of corpse burn showed that the findings were already severely disturbed. The examination of the pottery itself made a classification in period V / VI probable.

Two more remains of vessels were discovered in the area of ​​the so-called “trampling path”, which the numerous visitors had brought up. They are probably urns too. The excavation took place during a further excursion to the University of Münster on June 23, 1976. However, neither documentation nor description is available. The presumed urn remainder from burial 5 is a completely preserved lower part with a flat bottom that is slightly curved inwards and not set off. The lower part is slightly curved, the surface smoothed. The second fragment (burial 6) is, apart from the inwardly curved floor, identical to that from burial 5. Both corpse burns come from children of unknown sex, those aged 6 to 12 and aged 3 to 4 years ± Died 12 months. Harris lines indicate a prolonged period of diarrhea or hunger.

In 1999 Matthias Sopp was able to prove 72 sites in the context of his dissertation, which are subsequent burials in the immediate vicinity of large stone graves. These ranged from the Bronze Age to the High Middle Ages . Burials in the stone chamber only appeared in 16 cases. As with the Glaner Braut, the time focus is on the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages.

See also

literature

  • Frank Both, Jörg Eckert, Birgit Grosskopf: Urn graves in the large stone grave - subsequent burials in the "Glaner Braut" II, Ldkr. Oldenburg , in: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte 83 (2014) 69–86. ( online )
  • Anette Bußmann : Stone Age witnesses. Journeys to the prehistory of north-west Germany , Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-89995-619-1 , pp. 100-101.
  • Mamoun Fansa : Großsteingräber between Weser and Ems , Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 1992, 3rd edition 2000, ISBN 3-89598-741-7 , pp. 116–119.
  • Ernst Sprockhoff : Atlas of the megalithic tombs Germany. Part 3: Lower Saxony - Westphalia , Rudolf Habelt Verlag, Bonn 1975, ISBN 3-7749-1326-9 , pp. 135-137.

Web links

Commons : Glaner Braut  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ J. Eckert: Großenkneten, FStNr. 461, Gde. Großenkneten, Ldkr. Oldenburg , in: Oldenburger Jahrbuch 242 (2001).
  2. ↑ D. Nösler, A. Kramer, H. Jöns, K. Gerken, F. Bittmann: Current research on settlement and land use at the time of the funnel cup and individual grave culture in northwest Germany - a preliminary report on the DFG-SPP , in: News from Lower Saxony's Prehistory 80 (2011) 23-45.
  3. ^ Adriaan von Müller, Wolfram Nagel (ed.): Gandert-Festschrift for the sixtieth birthday of Otto-Friedrich Gandert on August 8, 1958 , H. Lehmann, 1959, p. 164.
  4. ^ Wilhelm Teudt: Germanic sanctuaries. Contributions to uncovering the prehistory , Diederichs, 1936, pp. 191, 212.
  5. ↑ haben.at: Search for "Glaner Braut"
  6. ↑ Fleeting travel pictures and sketches by an old officer , Joh. Georg Heyse, Bremen 1868, pp. 107–113.
  7. ^ Claudia Liebers: Neolithic megalithic tombs in popular belief and popular life. Investigation of historical sources on folk tradition, monument protection and tourism advertising , Peter Lang, 1986, p. 50.
  8. Jump up ↑ Die Gartenlaube 27 (1879), p. 123.
  9. ↑ "Glaner Braut" megalithic stone graves near Glane, City of Wildeshausen In: steinzeitreise.de , accessed on January 24, 2017.
  10. ↑ Winterhude Comprehensive School: Experience nature - In the realm of the Glaner princes ( Memento from December 17, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ H.-G. Steffens: Late Bronze Age reburial in the "Glaner Braut", community Wildehshausen , in: Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 37-38 (1985), p. 146.
  12. ↑ This and the following according to: Frank Both, Jörg Eckert, Birgit Grosskopf: Urn graves in the large stone grave - subsequent burials in the "Glaner Braut" II, Ldkr. Oldenburg , in: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte 83 (2014) 69-86.
  13. ↑ Matthias Sopp: The resumption of older burial sites in the subsequent prehistoric and early historical periods in Northern Germany , Habelt, Bonn 1999, p. 45.