Gloss amazily

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Gloss amazily
Gloss amazily

Gloss amazily

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Amazilia hummingbirds ( Amazilia )
Type : Gloss amazily
Scientific name
Amazilia versicolor
( Vieillot , 1818)

The gloss amazily ( Amazilia versicolor ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large range that includes Brazil , Argentina , Paraguay , Bolivia , Peru , Colombia , Venezuela, and Guyana . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

With a weight of 4 g, the gloss amazily reaches a body length of 9.4 cm, with wings 5.2 cm, the tail 3 cm and the back of the beak 2.2 cm. The top is bronze green. The sides of the neck and tips of the white throat feathers shine golden green. The flanks are bronze green, the middle of the abdomen and the rump are white. The under tail-coverts are colored gray-green with a whitish border. The bronze-green tail feathers are traversed by an indistinct blue subterminal band. The outer control spring pairs have gray tips. The upper bill is black-brown, the lower bill flesh-colored with a black tip. The throat color varies from closed green to speckled to pure white. Females are generally a bit smaller and less shiny.

distribution and habitat

The gloss amazily occurs on the edge of the forest, on river belts, cerrados , caatinga , in scrub, gardens, parks and mangroves. It occurs at altitudes up to 1800 meters.

behavior

Usually several glossy amacillas gather together on large flowering trees, such as Inga , Vochysia and Calliandra . They argue also with other species and defend small areas at relatively low plants such as Buddleia along Busch edges. They get their nectar from a wide variety of plants with inflorescence and smaller corollas . They also hunt and collect smaller insects on a regular basis.

Vocalizations

The call is extremely high, sometimes barely audible. This sounds like a tsif or psi .

Reproduction

The cup-shaped nests are approx. 33 mm high. The outer radius is approx. 43 mm, the inner radius approx. 22 mm with a depth of approx. 14 mm. The nests are built by the glossy amazilies from cotton wool and flying seeds, which are tightly covered with cobwebs. She covers the outer walls with pieces of lichen. They build their nests horizontally on branches. The breeding season of the glossy amazily lasts from October to March. The approx. 0.43 g heavy eggs are approx. 14 × 9 mm in size. The incubation period is 14 days, the young birds after hatch 23 to 32 days Nesthocker are.

Subspecies

Distribution area (green) of the gloss amazily

There are six known subspecies:

  • Amazilia versicolor millerii ( Bourcier , 1847) - This subspecies is common in eastern Colombia and western Venezuela, eastern Peru, and northwestern Brazil. Further investigations must be carried out to determine whether Peru really belongs to the range, as only one old specimen from Iquitos has been identified so far .
  • Amazilia versicolor hollandi ( Todd , 1913) - The subspecies occurs in southeastern Venezuela.
  • Amazilia versicolor nitidifrons ( Gould , 1860) - This subspecies is found in northeastern Brazil.
  • Amazilia versicolor versicolor ( Vieillot , 1818) - The nominate form occurs in southeastern Brazil.
  • Amazilia versicolor kubtchecki Ruschi , 1959 - This subspecies is distributed in northeastern Bolivia, in eastern Paraguay, in southwestern Brazil and in northeastern Argentina.
  • Amazilia versicolor rondoniae Ruschi , 1982 - The subspecies occurs in northern Bolivia and the western central part of Brazil.

Etymology and history of research

Louis Pierre Vieillot published the gloss amazily under the name Trochilus versicolor . As a place of discovery he gave a blanket Brazil. In 1843 René Primevère Lesson introduced the new generic name Amazilia for the gold - masked hummingbird , the striped - tailed hummingbird , the cinnamon-bellied hummingbird (syn .: Ornysmia cinnamomea ), the blue-throated star hummingbird (syn .: Ornymia rufula ) and the longuemare sun nymph . He did not mention the gloss amazily ( Amazilia versicolor ). The name comes from a novella by Jean-François Marmontel , who reported on an Inca heroine named Amazili in Les Incas, Ou La Destruction De L'empire Du Pérou . "Versicolor, versicoloris" is Latin and means "from different colors". The word can be derived from "vertere" for "change" and "color, coloris" for "color". »Nitidifrons« is made up of the Latin words for »nitidus, nitere« and »frons, frontis« and »forehead, forehead«. »Rondoniae« refers to the place where it was found, the state of Rondônia . »Kubtchecki« is dedicated to Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (1902–1976). One can only speculate about "millerii" since Bourcier did not name a specific dedication. Since he was using a manuscript by George Loddiges , the name could be dedicated to William Miller (1796–1882), who had illustrated some plants for Loddiges. "Hollandi" is dedicated to William Jacob Holland (1848–1932).

literature

  • Rolf Grantsau : The hummingbirds of Brazil . A key for all hummingbird shapes in Brazil. Expressão e Cultura, Rio de Janeiro 1988, ISBN 85-208-0101-3 .
  • Ber van Perlo : A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil . Oxford University Press, Oxford 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7 ( books.google.de ).
  • Steven Leon Hilty , John A. Gwynne, Guy Tudor : Birds of Venezuela . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2002, ISBN 978-0-691-09250-8 .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Louis Pierre Vieillot: Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Par une société de naturalistes et d'agriculteurs . tape 23 . Deterville, Paris 1818 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Jules Bourcier: Description de quinze espèces Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 15 , no. 171 , 1847, pp. 42-47 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Walter Edmond Clyde Todd: Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 26 , 1913, pp. 169-174 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: Description of Twenty-two new Species of Humming Birds . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 28 , no. 2 , 1860, p. 304-312 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Augusto Ruschi: A trochilifauna de Brasília, com descrição de um novo representante de Amazilla (AVES). E o primeiro povoamento com essas aves aí realizado . In: Boletim Museu Biol. Prof. "Mello Leitão" Santa Teresa (=  zoology ). tape 22 , 1959, pp. 1–16 ( boletim.sambio.org.br [PDF; 497 kB ]).
  • Augusto Ruschi: Uma nova especie de beija-flor do Brasil: Amazilia rondoniae n. Sp. ea chave para determinar as especies de Amazilia que ocorrem no Brasil . In: Boletim Museu Biol. Prof. "Mello Leitão" Santa Teresa (=  zoology ). tape 100 , 1982, pp. 1-2 .
  • René Primevère Lesson: Complément à l'Histoire naturelles des oiseaux-mouches . In: L'Écho du monde savant et l'Hermès: journal analytique des nouvelles et des cours scientifiques . tape 8 , no. 2 , 1843, p. 755-785 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • René Primevère Lesson, Prosper Garnot: Voyage autour du monde exécuté par Ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825, sous le ministère et conformément aux instructions de SEM Marquis de Clermont- Tonnerre, ministre de la marine; et publié sou les auspices de son excellence Mgr le Cte ​​de Chabrol, ministre de la Marine et des colonies, par ML Dupppery, capitaine de frégate. chevalier de Saint-Louis et membre de la legion d'honaire, commandant de l'expédition . tape 1 : Zoology , No. 2 . Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1828 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • André-Alexander Weller : First Confirmed Record of Agyrtria Versicolor (Trochilidae) for Peru . In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 122 , no. 4 , 2002, p. 314-317 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Glanzamazilie  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Rolf Grantsau, p. 103.
  2. ↑ a b Ber van Perlo, p. 67.10.
  3. ↑ Steven Leon Hilty et al. a., p. 417
  4. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  5. ↑ a b Jules Bourcier, p. 43.
  6. ↑ André-Alexander Weller, pp. 314-317.
  7. ^ A b Walter Edmond Clyde Todd, p. 173.
  8. ^ John Gould, p. 308.
  9. ^ A b Louis Pierre Vieillot, p. 430.
  10. ↑ a b Augusto Ruschi (1959), p. 5.
  11. ↑ a b Augusto Ruschi (1982), p. 1.
  12. ↑ René Primevère Lesson u. a. (1843), column 757
  13. ↑ René Primevère Lesson u. a. (1826–1830), p. 683 (plate 31, figure 3)
  14. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 400.
  15. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 273.