Glacier chamois

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Glacier chamois
Lime chamois (Doronicum glaciale subsp.calcareum)

Lime Gämswurz ( doronicum glaciale subsp. Calcareum )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Senecioneae
Genre : Chamois root ( Doronicum )
Type : Glacier chamois
Scientific name
Doronicum glaciale
( Wulfen ) Nyman

The glacier chamois ( Doronicum glaciale ) is a plant species of the genus chamois ( Doronicum ) from the daisy family (Asteraceae) endemic to the Eastern Alps . It occurs in two vicarious subspecies.

features

Flower head

The glacier chamois is a perennial herbaceous plant with a strong rhizome as a perennial organ.

All foliage leaves are dentate and have cilia and glandular hairs, but without wool. The basal leaves have a two to five centimeter long stem. The oblong to oblong-lanceolate leaf blade is two to four and a half centimeters long, 1.2 to 2 centimeters wide, gradually narrows to the petiole and is always shorter than the stem. The lower stem leaves are similar to the basal leaves, only with a shorter stem. The upper stem leaves are elliptical-lanceolate, pointed and half-stem-encompassing with a shallow heart-shaped base.

The upright or ascending and unbranched stems are stiff-haired and glandular, at least above. The lower part is pithy, below the flower head the stem is hollow.

The flower heads have a diameter of 3.5 to 4.5 centimeters and are always individually. The linear-lanceolate bracts have glandular hairs and multicellular eyelash hairs and are 8 to 14 millimeters long (about half as long as the ray florets). The ray florets are two to three millimeters wide and about seven millimeters long. All flowers have a pappus .

The achenes are 2 millimeters long, have ten ribs and a pappus that is slightly longer than the fruit.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 60.

Occurrence

The glacier chamois is endemic in the Eastern Alps east of Innsbruck and occurs only in Austria, Germany (only Berchtesgaden Alps), Italy and Slovenia. In Austria it is absent in Vienna, Burgenland and Vorarlberg.

It grows in rock rubble corridors and snow soil communities of the subalpine to alpine altitudes on calcareous fine and coarse rubble soils . It is a character species of the Drabion hoppeanae association and also occurs in societies of the Salicetea herbaceae class.

Doronicum glaciale subsp. calcareum on the rax
Glacier chamois ( Doronicum glaciale )

Subspecies

Lime chamois subspecies

Doronicum glaciale (Wulfen) Nyman subsp. calcareum (Vierh.) Hegi (Syn .: Doronicum calcareum Vierh. ), the calcareous chamois is endemic to the north-eastern Limestone Alps: Its area extends from the Dürrenstein and the Hochschwab eastwards to the Schneeberg . The leaves have no glandular hairs on the edge. The wicker handle and shell are richly covered with glandular hairs 0.3 to 0.5 millimeter long and glandeless hairs 0.5 to 1 millimeter long. This subspecies is limestone .

Subspecies Actual glacier chamois

The nominate form Doronicum glaciale (Wulfen) Nyman subsp. glaciale has glandular hairs 0.05 to 0.2 millimeters long on the edges of the leaves. The wicker handle and shell are covered with sessile to very short-stalked glands and with numerous 0.5 to 1 millimeter long glandless hairs. This subspecies grows over limestone and intermediate rock. It occurs in Austria, Germany, Italy and Slovenia. It occurs only to the west of the Hochschwab , so vicariates with the other subspecies. However, some populations in Styria, such as the Hochschwab and the Grazer Bergland , mediate between the two subspecies.

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer: Plant-sociological excursion flora . 7th edition, Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7
  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  950 .

Web links

Commons : Glacier Chamois ( Doronicum glaciale )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files