Pheasantry (Aschaffenburg)
The Fasanerie is a forested landscape park of around 75 hectares in the independent city of Aschaffenburg ( Bavaria ).
Geographical location
The Aschaffenburger Fasanerie is east to northeast of the city center. It extends from the Schöntal Park via the Großmutterwiese and the tunnels of the Ringstrasse and Maintalbahn to the Lufthofweg. In the north of the Fasanerie is the district of the Austrian colony , in the south the Bismarckallee runs . The Fasaneriesee is traversed by the Röderbach . The Godelsberg ( 247.6 m above sea level ) to the southeast is included in the park design. The Franconian Marienweg leads through the pheasantry .
history
The Fasanerie Landscape Park was laid out from 1779 under Archbishop and Elector Friedrich Carl Joseph von Erthal according to plans by Emanuel Joseph von Herigoyen in the Bürgerwäldchen of the city of Aschaffenburg. The park was originally provided with a plank fence. It was created as a game park and equipped with several fish ponds, a game and a pheasant enclosure. This replaced an older, similar facility in the Nilkheim forest when it was redesigned as the Schönbusch Park . The pheasantry supplied game, fish and poultry for the court kitchen in Johannisburg Castle . A specially employed "pheasant hunter" was responsible for the delivery of around 800 to 1,000 pheasants per year.
After the end of the old empire, Aschaffenburg became the royal seat of the Principality of Aschaffenburg in 1803 and then of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt . After Aschaffenburg fell to the Crown Bavaria in 1814 and thus got into a peripheral location, the complex fell back into the status of a park-like forest.
In 1824 there was a duel in the pheasantry, remembered by a memorial stone in the form of a broken column stump: On September 6th of that year, the only 17-year-old "forest candidate" Ferdinand Anton Freiherr von Andrian-Werburg died as a result of an agreed saber duel with the Würzburg student Johann Baptist Berg. The small square around the memorial stone is called "Andriansplätze".
In 1826, under King Ludwig I, the pheasantry was dedicated to recreation for the citizens.
In 1872 the then largely silted up Fasaneriesee was reduced to around a quarter of its water surface at the request of the city of Aschaffenburg.
In 1935 the lease for the pheasantry was terminated and the land was returned by the Bavarian state to the city of Aschaffenburg. A year later, the city of Aschaffenburg had a 40 m long and 25 m wide sports and festival hall built for 2,000 guests in the area of the Jägerhaus. It no longer exists today. By the end of the Second World War, the first gardens of the now 8-hectare allotment garden, Fasanerie, were built between the track of the port connecting railway and the edge of the forest.
At the confluence of the Parkweg coming from Moltkestrasse and the connecting path that runs between the Großmutterwiese and the Fasaneriegaststätte, in the area of a former quarry, there is an elongated stone block in front of a striking rock formation. This block stood vertically until 1943 and was part of a presumably modeled menhir complex on the existing rocky crest.
The bombings of the Second World War destroyed 4.5 hectares of park forest.
From 1965 to 1968 the Kronberg-Gymnasium was built on the route originally planned in the Aschaffenburg 1958 economic plan.
In the years after 1968 the network of paths and the waters of the pheasantry were named after a garden director a. D. Christian Bauer, Munich, repaired the ten-year plan based on the historical park designs. The Pheasant Lake, which had been excavated to its original size, was sealed with a layer of clay with the help of the 9th Engineer Battalion of the US Army stationed in Aschaffenburg. An adjacent fish breeding tank was not restored. The meadow valley between the lake and the forester's house, which has now overgrown, was restored in 2018. With beer gardens, water treading, exercise and playground facilities, the pheasantry has taken on the character of a public park in some places.
building
- The hunter's house with the pheasant restaurant and the hunting arsenal have been preserved from the time the pheasantry was founded - both popular excursion restaurants with beer gardens. The Röderbachshof to the east, called Lufthof, is not yet included in the draft plans for the pheasantry. Its existence can only be proven for 1821.
- The forestry office of the city of Aschaffenburg is now housed on the site of the former farm yard. From there, the urban forest districts such as Fasanerie, Gailbach , Hohe Wart , Obernau , Schweinheim and the waterworks forest in the Nilkheim district are looked after.
- The Kronberg high school is located in the western pheasantry. The school moved there in 1968 after a controversial discussion within the city council and the population about the location, for which numerous trees were felled.
Grandmother's meadow
The grandmother meadow is about 20,000 square meters of lawn in the southwest of the pheasantry. There you will find the Hannewackersee through which the Kühruhgraben flows , a water playground as well as a football and boules pitch. Events and festivals spread out over the summer months are held on the Großmutterwiese. The paddling pool, opened in 1925, is used for ice skating in the winter months.
When the railway line to Miltenberg was built in 1875, the grandmother's meadow was separated from the rest of the pheasantry by a deep ditch. This trench was widened from 1918 for the construction of the connecting line between Goldbach and Neuer Hafen and extended to the northeast. In the autumn of 1969, the Ludwigsdenkmal, the Ludwigsbrunnen, erected in 1897 in honor of the Bavarian King Ludwig I in the Open Schöntal , was moved to the Grandmother's meadow.
On June 28, 2013, the eastern section of the urban ring road became operational. This section of the ring road runs in the area of the pheasantry in the lower position and is bridged there with a green area, with which the historical connection between pheasantry and grandmother's meadow was restored.
Godelsberg
The first drafts for a large zoo (around 1777), which included both the pheasantry and the floodplains in the Krämersgrund and in what was later known as Haibacher Switzerland , the western slope of the Schellberg and the Hasenkopf , also included the wooded part of the Godelsberg Park design included. The wildlife park was surrounded by a plank fence to protect the adjacent meadows, fields and vineyards. At the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, the mountain was a popular excursion destination, primarily because of its rocky areas and its panoramic view. In the year of emergency 1816 and the years after that, Crown Prince Ludwig, who later became Ludwig I of Bavaria , widened dirt roads into avenue roads (Ludwigsallee) and a "beautification after the Goldsberg" helped the poorer strata of the population suffering from the food price increase to work and income . Thereafter, the park-like design of the Godelsberg ran in two further phases and was completed around 1912. In the 1830s and 1840s, under Mayor Adalbert von Herrlein , the Büchelberg was also included in the park-like design. Both mountains can be reached from the city center via Ludwigsallee and connected to one another by a walnut avenue and a chestnut avenue.
The Godelsberg has small architectures such as the Ludwigsäule and the Kippenburg, a staffage building in the form of a castle ruin built in 1839 with the support of the city council . At certain points on the mountain, which in places was laid out in the manner of an Alpineum, there are vantage points - the Goldbacher pulpit, the Teufelskanzel and a small viewing platform with a pointed tent roof. There is also a serpentine path lined with yews, mahonia and snowberry bushes, which leads from Haibacher Straße over seven curves past groups of rocks to the castle tower. Coming from a linden tree surrounded by chunks of gneiss mica on Schmerlenbacher Straße, you come to the forest's edge on the left onto Forstrat-Dotzel-Weg, a footpath that gently climbs in a spiral to the Goldbacher Kanzel. There are four sandstone benches along the paths and near the highest point there is an artificially piled tree rondel with a circular wooden bench around a linden tree. The Godelsberg has rarer solitary trees in certain places (service tree, Douglas fir, plane tree, maple, yew, holly, cherry laurel).
Kippenburg
The Aschaffenburg paver and farmer Adam Kipp (1789-1851) built a vineyard cottage in the style of a castle ruin in 1839 with the support of the city council. As early as August 25, 1839, on the occasion of the birthday and name of Ludwig I of Bavaria, the first festival was celebrated at the Kippenburg. After the death of Adam Kipp (1851) and his wife Margarete (1854), the Kippenburg became the property of the bookseller Carl Krebs, who also owned it until his death (1872). The next owner, Mr Vogel, gave the keys to the Kippenburg to the Aschaffenburg Beautification Association, which was founded on July 6, 1874, in the same year. In the period that followed, an archway and a farm building were added to the east. Around 1900 the Kippenburg festivals were celebrated with music and dance (often after political speeches, mostly liberal associations). The festivities of the “Jung-Aschaffenburg” association reached their climax with fireworks and Bengali illumination of the Kippenburg and ended with a lantern procession into the city. In the 1920s, the Kippenburg festivals were replaced by the Aschaffenburg Volksfest am Main - also with fireworks and the castle lighting of the “Jung-Aschaffenburg” association. In the mid-1960s, the tradition of the Kippenburg festivals was revived and continued through the commitment of the Aschaffenburg carnival association "Stadt-Garde". In the 1990s the Kippenburg was fenced in with the rest of the "Stadt-Garde" area. With the exception of the time around the Kippenburg Festival (mid-June to mid-August), the area is accessible.
Teufelskanzel and Goldbacher pulpit
Not far from the Kippenburg on the Godelsberg are the Teufelskanzel (western slope) and the Goldbacher Kanzel (northeast slope), vantage points made of natural rocks and secured with railings. In 2011, the paths to both pulpits were restored and additional rest areas were created so that the pulpits became attractive again for visitors.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Green spaces and parks. on the website of the city of Aschaffenburg
- ↑ Peter Burkart, Gisela van Driesum, Martin Kempf, Peter Ziemer: wayside shrines , field monuments and crosses in Aschaffenburg. Aschaffenburg 2003, pp. 72-79. ( Andrian monument in the pheasantry )
- ↑ Chronicle. of the Kronberg-Gymnasium
- ↑ CCL Hirschfeld: Theory of garden art. Volume V, Leipzig 1785, p. 330.
- ↑ Markus Theodor von Haupt in: Miscell for the latest world customer. Nro. 7, January 27, 1809, pp. 27 ff.
- ^ Anton Rottmayer: Statistical-topographical manual for the Lower Main district of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Würzburg 1830, p. 481.
- ↑ fortress Kippenburg. In: Main-Echo. October 14, 2010.
- ↑ Free view towards the Spessart. In: FAZ . June 9, 2011, p. 48.
Coordinates: 49 ° 58 ′ 49.7 " N , 9 ° 10 ′ 2" E