Schweinheim (Aschaffenburg)
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Schweinheim
City of Aschaffenburg
Coordinates: 49 ° 57 ′ 45 " N , 9 ° 9 ′ 36" E
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| Residents : | 10,745 (Dec 31, 2018) | |
| Incorporation : | April 1, 1939 | |
| Postal code : | 63743 | |
| Area code : | 06021 | |
Location of Schweinheim in Bavaria |
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 Schweinheim seen from the Erbig; in the middle the parish church of the Nativity of Mary
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Schweinheim (local pronunciation: [ ʂwɔjə ]) is a district of the independent city of Aschaffenburg with 10,745 inhabitants (December 31, 2018) and belongs to the administrative district of Lower Franconia in the Free State of Bavaria in the Federal Republic of Germany .
location
The district is located on the right bank of the Main in the southern urban area on the edge of the Spessart Nature Park . It is bounded by the Main, the Aschaffenburg - Miltenberg line of the Maintalbahn , Schweinheimer Strasse, Rhönstrasse, Würzburger Strasse, the municipality of Haibach in the district of Aschaffenburg , the district of Gailbach , by the market town of Sulzbach in the district of Miltenberg and the district of Obernau . The Hensbach flows through Schweinheim .
Surname
The names Oberhayn, Oberhaim, Schweinhain or Unterhayn, Under Schweinhaug or Elderberg are still used in old documents and cards. This eventually became the place names Schweinheim, Unterschweinheim and Elterhöfe. There are places with the same name called Schweinheim near Bonn , Euskirchen and in Alsace , where Schweinheim is now spelled Schwenheim . The historical spelling Sueinheim has been handed down from Schwanheim am Main . Schweinheim is the name of a submerged village near Jockgrim in the Palatinate, of which only the so-called Schweinheimer Kirchel has been preserved.
history
On November 1, 1249, Archbishop Christian II released the residents of Schweinheim from all bailiff services and made them legally equal to the citizens of Aschaffenburg.
A copy of the Schweinheim Weistum from 1624 has been preserved from 1700 . The Schweinheim district then included the places Schweinheim, Unterschweinheim and Elterhöfe.
In 1715 the Jewish district community of Aschaffenburg received permission to build a wall for their burial ground , which is located in Schweinheim on the border with Obernau .
On August 31, 1784, in the so-called Reichemer Wald at the Reichemer Brünnchen, gold coins flushed out were found next to a plow. Further excavations yielded treasure money with a total value of about 6,000 guilders.
At the end of the Electorate of Mainz , Schweinheim, Unterschweinheim and the Elterhöfe belonged to the Schweinheim District Bailiwick, which had its seat in Aschaffenburg. 1812 had the municipality Schweinheim with the four parent farms under Schweinheim and several mills isolated lying 208 fires and 1,076 souls (inhabitants) and belonged to Districtsmairie Schweinheim in the department of Aschaffenburg of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt . Maire was Jacob Hessler. His adjuncts were Johann Oberle and Lorenz Hettinger. After the transition to the Crown of Bavaria, Schweinheim belonged to the Aschaffenburg district court founded on October 1, 1814, which had been called Schweinheim court up until then. On May 17, 1818, the regional court rural community of Schweinheim was created from the three places .
In 1829 cattle drifting was abolished in Schweinheim and barn feeding was introduced. In 1832, Schweinheim consisted of seven mills, six farms in Unterschweinheim, the Elterhöfen, 214 houses and two brick huts in the village itself. It had 1472 inhabitants and had a beautiful community forest as well as fruit and wine-growing. In 1839 Schweinheim had 1582 inhabitants.
On July 16, 1854, the school sisters were solemnly introduced to the Schweinheim rectory and on August 28, 1854, Ludwig I of Bavaria presented the Schweinheim community with 200 guilders for the establishment of a custodial institution for small children.
In 1859 there was a rescue facility of the St. Johannis branch in Schweinheim to prevent the neglect of young people.
In the spring of 1860, the Herbig, a 22-day-long marshy area southwest of the locality, was created by the community leader Rückert by means of a 16-foot-wide and 4-foot-deep trench and the construction of a stone drainage channel in sections by the cooperatively organized owners of 275 parcels of land under the direction of Kreis -Wiesenbaumeister Jox in six weeks' work meliorisiert . Only 21 guilders were spent in cash for the work worth 600 to 700 guilders. The district government of Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg took over the "costs of the actual technology" from their funds. As a result of the widespread abandonment of agricultural use and swamp in Schweinheim, the Herbigsbach today has partly the legal status of a biotope, partly that of a protected landscape component, but partly also that of a nature reserve. Following the example of Herbig, the meadow ground of the Gailbach and meadow land on the Hensbach were also cultivated for forage in the same year.
On January 25, 1874, the cooperative agreement of the Schweinheim loan office was signed.
In 1901, the Kingdom of Bavaria built a provisional shipyard for the maintenance of chain steamers in particular on Schweinheimer Mainufer.
From the beginning of the 20th century until the 1950s, calcite was quarried on Gailbacher Strasse. First in the opencast mine (white quarry), later at the same place in the Heinrichsstollen and shortly before Gailbach in the Gertrudstollen.
Until the incorporation of the Eckertsmühl area (November 17, 1904) into Aschaffenburg, the border of the Schweinheim district ran across the urban district on the line Hensbach - Obernauer Straße - Am Häsbach - Bildstock Unterhainstraße - Bertastraße - Bahnweg 2 - Bavariastraße - Bluestraße - Taunusstraße 1 - Odenwaldstraße - Turning hammer on Alois-Grimm-Strasse - Rotwasserstrasse - Kullmannstrasse - Schlörstrasse - Steubenstrasse - Schwalbennest Kindergarten - Dümpelsmühlstrasse 11 - Dörnbach.
Shortly before the First World War , the Kingdom of Bavaria created a parade ground on the site of the later military training area of Aschaffenburg .
On April 1, 1939, Schweinheim was incorporated into Aschaffenburg. When it was incorporated, Schweinheim was the largest rural community in Lower Franconia with around 5300 inhabitants .
Regardless of its steadily growing population - from 1961 to 2010 there were around 3300 inhabitants - the Elterhöfe and in some places the town center and Unterschweinheim remained characterized by the village.
The reasons for the steady population growth up to the recent past are to be found in the conversion of the area around the former artillery barracks (ready barracks) last used by the US armed forces into residential, mixed, commercial and special areas, but also in the Designation and development of a commercial area and new residential areas on the southern outskirts.
religion
There is evidence of a chapel for Schweinheim in 1660 , which was presumably dedicated to Saint Wendelin . In 1756 their original choir had to give way to a larger transept with a new choir. In the year 1751 the foundation of a chaplain falls, which caused further expansions. In 1804 the "Holy Mother of God", which had stood in the Capuchin Church in Mainz for over 200 years, reached Schweinheim, where it was revered. In 1821 the chaplaincy was raised to an independent parish. The villages of Haibach , Grünmorsbach and Gailbach were affiliated to the parish of Schweinheim .
In the second half of the 19th century, the dilapidated and too small chapel was demolished and the parish church of the Nativity of the Virgin was built in its place .
On the Schweinheimer Höhe there has also been a Protestant church since 1958, later supplemented by a community center and a kindergarten, St. Matthew and since 1962 a New Apostolic Church.
As a result of the development of new residential areas and the better pastoral care in the residential areas around Hefner-Alteneck-Straße and on Südring (both are on the Aschaffenburg district), the Catholic parish of St. Gertrud was founded in 1950, also on the Schweinheimer Höhe, and opened in 1959/60 The single-nave hall church of the same name with a free-standing tower, designed by Professor Schwarz, was built in an exposed urban area.
The Schweinheim popular piety has always found its expression in special manners and customs as well as in the erection of wayside shrines. A way of the cross also belongs here, which leads over the Erbig to the Obernau chapel . As early as the 1930s, the pastor of Schweinheim, clergyman Karl Umenhof, campaigned for the construction of these prayer stations. They were built in the old Franconian style by Schweinheim believers. The portraits of the stations were designed by the Glattbach artist Alois Bergmann-Franken (1897–1965). Weather conditions and willful destruction had badly damaged the stations of the cross in the years after their creation.
After the Second World War , Pastor Vinzenz Buhleier took the initiative to renovate the building. This time too, Alois Bergmann-Franken was commissioned. Now he carried out the depictions of Christ's Way of the Cross in ceramic mosaic work, which better withstand external influences and damage. The new Way of the Cross was consecrated on May 27, 1956.
The next renovation of the path took place after over 40 years. It was made possible by donations and voluntary helpers. The roofs of the stations were renewed, the surfaces repainted and the staircase of the path repaired. The mosaics were restored by Bruno Bergmann, a grandson of the original artist. Damaged stones were removed and new mosaics were created based on old photographs. This was also the case with the 16th and last station, which had been destroyed down to its base by practicing troops of the US Army in the 1960s. Since no pictures of the original depiction were preserved, Bergmann drew a picture of the legend of the finding of the cross by Saint Helena . The renovation was completed in 1999.
Association
societies
In Schweinheim there is an active club life with numerous clubs:
- Chorgemeinschaft Schweinheim 1858 eV
- Workers' Support Association Schweinheim, founded in 1865
- Gymnastics Club Schweinheim 1885 eV, founded in 1885
- Beekeeping Association Schweinheim, founded on January 10, 1910
- Social club "Fidelio" Aschaffenburg-Schweinheim eV, founded in 1913
- BSC Aschaffenburg Schweinheim 1920 eV
- St. Johannis Branch Association Aschaffenburg-Schweinheim eV, founded in 1928
- Reservist Comradeship Aschaffenburg-Schweinheim eV, founded in 1975
- Allotment gardeners group at Herbigsbach Schweinheim eV, founded in 1978
- Schachclub Aschaffenburg-Schweinheim eV, founded in 1986
- Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Aschaffenburg-Schweinheim eV, founded on February 3rd, 2006
Club ring
The association ring Aschaffenburg-Schweinheim 1976 eV comprises 34 associations with a total of approx. 8500 members. Its 30th anniversary was celebrated on January 15, 2006 with an ecumenical service with flag delegations from all associations and a New Year's reception in the parish hall of the Evangelical Mätthäuskirche .
Buildings
In 1819 the political community of Schweinheim, based on a design by Bernhard Morell , built the rectory at Marienstraße 13, which still exists today after renovation and expansion.
On the 347 meter high Stengerts in 1938 the Spessartbund built a 22 meter high observation tower as a Hindenburg tower in the same style as in the previous year on the Geishöhe . Ownership of this tower passed to the community of Schweinheim and, in the course of incorporation, to the city of Aschaffenburg. In 1951 he was named after the chief physician of the former lung sanatorium Theresien-Heim in Lohr and merited chairman of the Spessart Association, Dr. Hans Hönlein (born July 2, 1875, † September 26, 1952). In the meantime, some of the surrounding trees have grown almost at tower height, so that it can no longer fully meet its original purpose as a viewing tower with all-round visibility.
Urban redevelopment
Until the twentieth century, Schweinheim, like many places in the Vorspessart, had poor buildings and inadequate roads. After the construction of the aqueduct in the 1920s and after incorporation into Aschaffenburg in 1939, the village developed into a popular residential area with increasing motorization in the 1960s - and regardless of its peripheral location even a place of residence for commuters to the Hessian Rhine-Main area. As one of the first areas in Germany, the historic town center was declared an urban redevelopment area in 1962 . The fairly extensive renovation was officially declared complete in 2003.
The redevelopment planning began on March 6, 1961 with an order from the office of Professor Max Guther, Darmstadt, and was completed in 1967. Their subject matter was above all the poor, outdated condition of the building and the road development, which at that time was still mainly through the Marienstraße.
According to the investigation report from 1967, only three new buildings had been built in the redevelopment area around the historic town center since 1948. Likewise, eleven percent of the houses were not connected to the water network and 51 percent were not connected to a full sewer system. Of the 63 buildings, 38 percent had no water closets, but only simple toilet or cesspools outside the apartments. 68 percent of the buildings had no bathrooms - they used wash bowls, the so-called wash lavoirs.
During the renovation, seven million euros from public funds were used by the city of Aschaffenburg, the government of Lower Franconia, the Free State of Bavaria and the federal government. The total amount invested by private investors in building renovations and new buildings is not known. Schweinheim today has a small district center with the traffic-calmed zone Marienstraße.
Urban development
The first industrial companies included the Spessart Granitwerk-Gesellschaft (approx. 1892), the Celluloid-Werke Aschaffenburg-Schweinheim founded in 1899 (later Petri AG and Takata AG, today Joyson Safety Systems Aschaffenburg GmbH) and the raw products dealer Gebr. Sternheimer (from 1941 Süddeutsche Upholstery factory, from 1952 weaving Däfler GmbH).
Shortly after the turn of the century, the Güldner Motorenwerke (today Linde Material Handling ) and the copper and brass works C. Heckmann (later VDM, today TRW Automotive Inc.) were established in the Aschaffenburg district, but today part of the Schweinheim district .
On the southern outskirts there is a small industrial area with medium-sized handicrafts and production companies (metal and wood processing) as well as service companies.
The residential areas Feldchenstraße, Am Herbigsbach / Sodener Straße, Dümpelsmühle, Rotäckerstraße / Steinweg and Umenhofstraße / Steubenstraße, which were gradually developed from the 1970s onwards, are largely built up today. From the 1990s on, two residential areas were developed on the western outskirts: "Am Gäßpfad" and "Rotäckerstraße". The Gäßpfad area is already largely built up. Development planning has started in the Rotäckerstraße area.
In particular, the residential areas on the Schweinheimer Höhe and on the southern outskirts have a high residential quality - also because of the mountains in the district ( Bischberg , Erbig , Stengerts , Weißberg), the orchards and extensive forests (Schweinheimer Wald, Elterwald). After the villa district on Godelsberg, Schweinheim is Aschaffenburg's second most expensive residential area.
Air quality
As has been proven by a series of lichen maps, the air quality in Schweinheim has gradually improved since 1991, mainly because the vast majority of households have switched to natural gas heating. In addition, the transitional regulations of the 1st BImSchV have expired and since January 1, 2015, new limit values have been in effect for dust and carbon monoxide emissions from the remaining heating boilers and stoves, which are often fired with wood chips or wood pellets. The lichen mappings in 1991, 1997, 2002, 2008 and 2015 have scientifically proven that the air quality in the Schweinheim district has improved significantly, especially in the valley areas along the Hensbach, and that the air quality in Schweinheim today is high to very high in accordance with VDI 3957 Part 13 is high.
traffic
In the north, Schweinheim is connected to the city center of Aschaffenburg via Schweinheimer Strasse, and in the northeast via Würzburger Strasse to the eastern part of the city and the Spessart. The truck traffic to the industrial area drives partly via the Ebersbacher Straße through the village, partly it bypasses Schweinheim to the south via the Reiterweg and the Königsgraben.
Bus line 4 connects Schweinheim with the center from Monday to Saturday all day and on Sunday afternoons. Lines 5, 10 and 15 also touch Schweinheim in the east.
In the west, the Schweinheim district is bounded by the Main Federal Waterway , crossed by the 2309 state road and the Aschaffenburg-Süd - Neuer Hafen and Aschaffenburg-Miltenberg railway lines.
Personalities
- Jean Vauchel , actually Johannes Cornelius Vauchel (born March 9, 1782 in Offenbach am Main, † January 10, 1856 in Damm near Aschaffenburg) master violin maker of French descent, royal Bavarian court violin maker, lived in Schweinheim in 1853/54, from where he but moved to Damm after Schweinheim children had shot at his pigeons.
- Bernhard Lizius (born October 23, 1812 in Aschaffenburg, † 1870 in England) revolutionary, keynote speaker at the Erbig Festival in 1832 with speeches in the national-democratic spirit of the Hambach and Gaibach festivals
- Johann Georg Schweinfest (born January 16, 1850 in Neuses near Schweinshaupten , † October 21, 1925 in Schweinheim), ordained a priest in 1875 , came to Schweinheim in 1887 as a pastor . He initiated the local Raiffeisen association. In 1894 he laid the foundation stone for the Church of the Nativity of Mary, built a nurses' house, a children's institution, a handicraft school, boys' and girls' schools and other projects, such as the Church of St. Margareta and St. Johannes in Grünmorsbach (1899). In 1912 he handed over his written legacy to the community: a chronicle of the parish village of Schweinheim. For this he received honorary citizenship of Schweinheim on June 14, 1912 .
- Hanns (Franz Wendelin) Seidel , born on October 12, 1901 in Schweinheim, was Bavarian Minister of Economic Affairs from 1947 to 1954 and Bavarian Prime Minister from 1957 to 1960. From 1955 to 1961 Hanns Seidel was chairman of the CSU . The Hanns Seidel Foundation of the CSU and the Hanns Seidel Gymnasium in Hösbach were named after him.
- Hannes Neuner , born on August 27, 1906 in Schweinheim, was an artist and from 1953 to 1969 professor at the Stuttgart Academy of Fine Arts. He died on April 25, 1978 in Stuttgart.
- Bruno Fäth (born February 24, 1909 in Schweinheim; † November 17, 1979 in Aschaffenburg) was managing director of Raiffeisenbank Schweinheim for over four decades. In 1923 he joined the Schweinheim gymnastics club, where he did athletics and gymnastics. He is one of the founders of the handball department and played there for a long time. 1953 to 1966 he was the 1st chairman of TV Schweinheim. In 1974 the city of Aschaffenburg awarded him the letter of honor for outstanding services in sports management.
- Josef Zeller (* 1914; † 2007), pharmacist who worked in various charities and city councilor, holder of the New Year's Eve
- Franz Kolb (born June 27, 1914 in Schweinheim; † July 1, 2007), clergyman in Würzburg, Bonnland and Aschaffenburg
- Friedel Heymann , (born August 9, 1919 in Königstein im Taunus, † March 28, 1945 in Aschaffenburg), officer, victim of an end-stage crime
- Mimi Herold née Schramm (born September 2, 1925 in Plan, Czechoslovakia, † July 20, 2015 in Aschaffenburg), also known as the Egerland nightingale, was a folk music singer.
Oddities
At the time of the Electorate of Mainz, Schweinheim had special privileges over the other locations of the Vizedomamt Aschaffenburg since 1249 and was only part of the Cent vorm Spessart in criminal matters. Otherwise the place was directly subordinate to the upper cellar of Aschaffenburg. Schweinheim had no other duties to do than work in the vineyards of the Bischberg (in monte episcopi) and chamber services in Aschaffenburg Castle. Because of the latter, the Schweinheimers were also teased as chamber farmers, or somewhat more coarse than Schweinheimer ports.
Old half-timbered house on Allerheiligenstrasse
Schweinheim parish church of the Nativity of Mary
Schweinheim's old war memorial
Web links
- Spessartagen - The Schweinheimer peasant woman in the oven - The prevented perjury Spessartagen - The mayor fox - The vanity
- Schweinheimer Passion culture trail
- Local history and history association Aschaffenburg-Schweinheim e. V.
- List of gravestones in the Schweinheim cemetery (Fig.)
Individual evidence
- ^ Joseph Anton Eisenmann, Karl Friedrich Hohn: Topo-geographical-statistical lexicon from the Kingdom of Bavaria. Second volume, p. 646, Erlangen 1832
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook for the Kingdom of Bavaria, Vol. 10, 1909, p. 15
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 600 .
- ↑ Schweinheimer Kulturweg
- ^ City of Aschaffenburg - Urban Planning Office (ed.): Sanierung Schweinheim 1972-2003. Project documentation. Aschaffenburg 2003
- ^ Gravestone for Johannes Schweinfest and Franz Kolb .
- ^ Diocese of Würzburg: Monsignor Franz Kolb died at the age of 93 .
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