Pig's heads
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Pig's heads
Bundorf municipality
Coordinates: 50 ° 11 ′ 13 ″ N , 10 ° 34 ′ 13 ″ E
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| Height : | 312 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 6.7 km² |
| Residents : | 220 (December 31, 2009) |
| Population density : | 33 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | May 1, 1978 |
| Postal code : | 97494 |
| Area code : | 09523 |
 Schweinshaupten, May 2005
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Schweinshaupten has been part of the Bundorf municipality in the Haßberge district in ( Bavaria ) since 1978 . The place has an area of around 6.7 km² and 220 inhabitants, so a population density of 36 inhabitants per km². Schweinshaupten is on a state road (St 2284).
geography
Schweinshaupten is 312 m above sea level. NN in the Haßberge Nature Park north of the Haßberge and southeast of Bundorf .
Neighboring towns of Schweinshaupten are Stöckach , Neuses , Dippach , Birkenfeld , Sulzbach , Walchenfeld and Eichelsdorf .
history
The origin and meaning of the place name are unknown. Schweinshaupten is first attested by a document from 1170 for the time shortly before 1057, when Margrave Otto von Schweinfurt (later Duke Otto III of Swabia ) bequeathed the place to Richard von Maßbach . Free families had property, rule, chapel (before 1104) and castle there. In 1408 Aplo von Schweinshaupten sold his shares in the estate and castle to Eberhard Fuchs von Hassfurt, whose sons Georg and Hans founded the double line of von Fuchs in Schweinshaupten for seven generations. In 1447 they had today's church built, later the tower and the school. Equipped with offices in Würzburg , Bamberg and beaten Knights (1452/56), they managed pig Berghaupten out to 1651 in the possession at times more than 20 places in the region. High jurisdiction and market law existed since 1451. In the 19th century, the knightly rule was dissolved, so that the Protestant town since 1563 was politically independent from 1848 until it was incorporated into the municipality of Bundorf on May 1, 1978 .
church
Richard had a first (own) church (capella) built, which was consecrated as an independent parish church before 1104. The building was replaced from 1447 by the then ruling Fuchs family with today's large church, which was expanded from 1585 to 1589 and received a tower. In 1734 it was rebuilt again.
Ruling family Fuchs
The two Schweinshaupten lines, Hans and Georg of the von Fuchs family, had been resident in the village since 1408 and were able to expand their power and property considerably in their first generation in the 15th century, including through high offices in Würzburg and Bamberg, so that they had rights and income from around 20 other places in the region, including from Stöckach from 1454 to 1651. The high point was in 1451 the transfer of high jurisdiction ( central or neck court) to Hans and Georg Fuchs. Thus the place was released from the blood judiciary of Königsberg in Bavaria . In the same year, Schweinshaupten was also given the right to hold three markets per year. In 1452 and 1456, the Fuchs brothers received the accolade. When the Würzburg canon Kilian Fuchs von Schweinshaupten killed a colleague in a dispute in 1536, the Pope decreed resignation in 1541 . Kilian converted to the Evangelical Church. This also made Schweinshaupten Protestant in 1563.
Castles
A palace or a castle was first mentioned in 1303. The building served the nobles of Schweinshaupten and from 1408 the foxes of Schweinshaupten as a residence. The castle is said to have been destroyed in the Peasant Wars in 1525. According to an inscription from 1582, a castle may have been built around this time. Obviously there was a large and a small castle ( bower ) at least until 1627 . What is certain is that a castle was built in 1627, which was apparently referred to as the "invaded Castro" as early as 1751 and served as a quarry. The little castle had been sold to the Jew Löw before 1763. Remnants served as the foundation for the construction of the synagogue from 1763. In 1764 the large castle was demolished. The last unadorned and simple castle was built from 1765 to 1767, although it no longer served as the residence of the Fuchs von Schweinshaupten family, who had already died out in both ruling lines in 1649 and 1651. The inheriting and later Catholic family of the Füchse von Bimbach , based in Burgpreppach, ruled until 1848 and used the castle mainly as an administrative and residence for the bailiff and forester. In 1972 the house had to be demolished because it was in disrepair.
Residents
In the late Middle Ages and early modern times, the place sometimes had over 400 inhabitants, including up to 150 people of Jewish faith, for whom there was a separate cemetery. In the second half of the 19th century, the number of inhabitants fell to 300 to sometimes 250 inhabitants, especially due to emigration (including Jews). The number of Catholics was mostly around 10%. The number of inhabitants of the place is around 220 today.
Jewish community
The foxes of pig's heads granted many Jews protection in their places, for which these taxes had to be paid ( protection Jews ). The local Jewish community had its heyday in the first half of the 19th century when up to a third of the population belonged to the Israelite religious community. With several representatives of the Sonn family (especially Mosche Sonn, 1789-1856) lived in Schweinshaupten respected rabbinical authorities whose opinion was highly respected in the wide area. At the beginning of the Third Reich , the few remaining Jews left the place.
The Jewish cemetery was established in the 19th century.
Culture and tourism
Except for the large church, the around 20 epitaphs and inscriptions and monuments carved in stone, which mostly come from the foxes and their work, are worth seeing .
Soil monuments
Others
- The Schweinshaupten sports club was founded in 1949. He runs soccer and netball teams for youth and senior citizens.
- To the east of the village of Schweinshaupten, in the direction of Sulzbach, to the left of the bathing pond is the Schweinshaupten campsite for over 50 people.
- The Friedrich Rückert hiking trail, which starts in Schweinfurt and ends in Coburg , leads through Schweinshaupten.
- The meeting point for young people in Schweinshaupten is the SAK (Schweisten Alter Kindergarten). The building is located next to the cemetery on the site of the children's playground.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter C. Plett: Schweinshaupten in Lower Franconia, history of the place from the beginning to the year 2000 . Schweinshaupten 2002, self-published.
