Canned Bog

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Dosenmoor nature reserve
View over a largely tree-free area of ​​the Dosenmoors

View over a largely tree-free area of ​​the Dosenmoors

location northeast of Neumünster
surface 521 ha
Identifier NSG No. 110
WDPA ID 555517935
Natura 2000 ID DE1826301
Geographical location 54 ° 8 '  N , 10 ° 1'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 7 '54 "  N , 10 ° 1' 10"  E
Dosenmoor (Schleswig-Holstein)
Canned Bog
Setup date 1981
administration LLUR
Legal basis Section 32 Paragraphs 2 to 4 BNatSchG in conjunction with Section 23 LNatSchG
f6
Birch group
Flooded part of the can bog with sparse birch trees

The Dosenmoor is a regenerating and partially preserved high moor in Schleswig-Holstein. It is located near the city of Neumünster, east of the Einfeld district . The largest part in terms of area is in the urban area of ​​Neumünster, in the north part belongs to the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde and in the southeast to the district of Plön . The almost circular moor lies on the watershed between the Eider flowing north and the sturgeon flowing south . The NSG Dosenmoor was proposed to the European Union as part of the Natura 2000 network in October 1992 as an area of ​​community importance, confirmed by the EU in December 2004 and, in January 2010, in accordance with § 32 Paragraph 2 to 4 BNatSchG in conjunction with § 23 LNatSchG Conservation area declared. It has the FFH area code DE1826301. In March 2016, the Schleswig-Holstein Nature Conservation Foundation prepared the first management plan for this FFH area on behalf of the Ministry for Energy Transition, Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas (MELUR) . Most of the area is owned by the Schleswig-Holstein Nature Conservation Foundation. The FFH habitat type “degenerate raised bog” predominates. The biotope types present in the bog have been identified and recorded on a map. The conservation and development goals for the FHH habitat types in the area have been entered on a detailed map. From a comprehensive analysis and evaluation, action plans were drawn up for the necessary, other and further measures. These measures are checked every 6 years.

vegetation

The moor, which has been used for centuries, no longer has the typical character of a living high moor over large areas. Remnants of peat moss , cotton grass and bells - and rosemary heather can only be found in a few areas . More common is the secondary vegetation of heather ( Calluna vulgaris ), crowberry ( Empetrum nigrum ) and moor grass ( Molinia caerulea ).

Emergence

The Dosenmoor and the neighboring Einfelder See were formed during the last ice age , which ended around 12,000 years ago. The melt water from the glaciers flowed mainly to the south, with a dike-like sand ridge, called the Kame, forming between the Einfelder See and the Dosenmoor. Further to the east, a thick block of dead ice remained for a long time in a deeply excavated hollow . Since the flow was blocked by the Kame, at the end of the Ice Age an almost nine km² lake, the Dosensee, was formed . The lake basin was filled with sediments , dead algae and aquatic plants . The complete silting of the lake was characterized by reed , sedge and quarry forest peat . The rainy, Atlantic climate encouraged the spread of peat moss and in the following four to five millennia let the tree-free peat body of an Atlantic high moor develop. With its characteristic, clock-glass-shaped bulge, which is still visible today, it towers over the surrounding low areas.

Undisturbed bogs are growing soils . They arise from plant material when bodies of water are silted up (fens) or through constant excess water from precipitation (raised bogs) or high-lying groundwater (fens). Due to the lack of air oxygen under water, dying plant parts are not or only incompletely decomposed. Their structure is largely retained and they are deposited as peat . Under certain climatic and plant-geographical conditions, the fens develop into transitional or raised bogs. These are a humid climate with constant excess precipitation (in Schleswig-Holstein there are 700–800 mm annual precipitation compared to 500 mm evaporation , i.e. 200 mm excess that runs off or seeps away) and the occurrence of certain types of peat moss whose dying parts are not broken down but as Peat can be deposited and thus outgrow above the groundwater. About one millimeter of peat forms on average over the year.

Human interventions

The first human interventions began as early as the 18th century, which gave the Dosenmoor its present-day appearance, which is heavily characterized by degeneration . In the 19th century, the difference in height between the edge and the center was 8-10 meters. Today it's only 4–5 meters. The Moorsackung started but reportedly already in 1891. The main reason for this is the drainage of the bog body, through the many, the bog by pulling ditches . These had been created centuries ago to use the moor for agriculture and to dig peat. After the pre-drainage, the residents of the surrounding villages used the peripheral areas to mine peat for their own needs. Since 1867, the forest administration has drawn up annual potting plans for the systematic removal of the Dosenmoor. At the beginning of the 20th century, the construction of a 4 m deep ring trench in the southwestern edge of the moor created the conditions for further intensifying the use of peat. At the same time, the first peat factory was founded in Einfeld, the peat factory Einfeld Carl Hornung. From 1964 the peat factory increased its mining operations and used industrial, large-scale processes from 1966 until the cessation of operations in 1977. In these 11 years around 200,000 m³ of peat were extracted.

Initially, peat was only used as fuel. The resulting ashes were also used in agriculture as fertilizer on the fields. It was also common to use dried peat as a building material for building houses. Around 1880 peat was also used for firing in the iron and steel industry , as litter in stables or as a binding agent . Today it is usually only used in horticulture for soil improvement, in order to aerate the soil and enable a greater water capacity.

Renaturation

Raised bog renaturation has been carried out in Dosenmoor since 1978 by rewetting with nutrient-poor rainwater . The industrially pitted area in the moor center was already extensively leveled in 1997. In order to prevent the rainwater, which is poor in nutrients and is important for a raised bog, from draining, dams were built . All drainage ditches were filled. After extensive removal of the birch growth ( decussing ), the plateau is recognizable as a tree-free central plateau. Grazing with a herd of sheep and goats prevents the growth of birch and pipegrass and promotes the typical vegetation .

Birch trees in bogs can contribute to the drainage of the bog through evaporation through their leaves. In the case of a very dense tree population, the shadow effect of the treetop can also displace the light-loving vegetation typical of high bogs. However, a complete removal of the entire woody stock does not make sense, since the wind calming through the woody trees significantly reduces the evaporation of a bog area. A light tree population promotes the humid microclimate and thus the growth of peat moss. If a dense stand of birch is to be thinned, this can be achieved by ringing individual birches, whereby the trees gradually die off. When sawing off, the birch population is multiplied by root shoots and can only be kept short through constant care measures or targeted sheep grazing.

Renaturation will continue to be pursued by filling in further drainage ditches, removing more birch trees and rewetting the bog with nutrient-poor rainwater. This is difficult because the outside areas, around 100 hectares, of the Dosenmoor are in the hands of around 80 private owners. However, the Schleswig-Holstein Nature Conservation Foundation , for example, is buying up more and more areas in order to renature them.

Not far from the Dosenmoor, an information center on the origin and earlier use of the Dosenmoor has been set up in the old peat factory Einfeld Carl Hornung, the Dosenmoor information center.

  • Sign for upland moor renaturation

  • Area of ​​raised bog renaturation

Bees

In 1986 the vocal fauna of the moor was examined. 33 species of bees were identified, although they did not fully develop in the bog. The furrowed bees Halictus rubicundus and Halictus tumulorum and the two narrow bees Lasioglossum rufitarse and Lasioglossum fratellum are predominant .

literature

  • State Office for Nature and the Environment of the State of Schleswig-Holstein (ed.): Unique - nature guide through Schleswig Holstein , Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2008, ISBN 978-3-529-05415-0
  • Christian Wagner: On the ecology of the downy birch (Betula pubescens EHRH.) In upland moors in Schleswig-Holstein with special consideration of regeneration processes in peat cuttings . In: Communications from the Geobotany Working Group in Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg. Issue 47, Kiel, 1994

Web links

Commons : Dosenmoor  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Management plan FFH area DE 1826-301 "Dosenmoor nature reserve". (PDF; 550 kB) Map 1 - overview -. In: Schleswig-Holstein state portal. Ministry for Energy Transition, Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas of the State of Schleswig-Holstein, November 15, 2015, accessed on May 5, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Official Journal of the European Union L198 / 41. (PDF) DE1826301. In: Schleswig-Holstein state portal. Ministry for Energy Transition, Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas of the State of Schleswig-Holstein, May 2019, p. 10 , accessed on May 4, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Management plan for the fauna-flora-habitat area DE 1826-301 "NSG Dosenmoor". (PDF; 1619 kB) In: Schleswig-Holstein state portal. Ministry for Energy Transition, Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas of the State of Schleswig-Holstein, March 29, 2016, accessed on May 5, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Management plan FFH area DE 1826-301 "Dosenmoor nature reserve". (PDF; 2141 kB) Map 4 - Ownership. In: Schleswig-Holstein state portal. Ministry for Energy Transition, Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas of the State of Schleswig-Holstein, November 15, 2015, accessed on May 5, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Management plan FFH area DE 1826-301 "Dosenmoor nature reserve". (PDF; 2747 kB) Map 5: FFH habitat types - stock -. In: Schleswig-Holstein state portal. Ministry for Energy Transition, Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas of the State of Schleswig-Holstein, November 15, 2015, accessed on May 5, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Management plan FFH area DE 1826-301 "Dosenmoor nature reserve". (PDF; 2411 kB) Map 2 - biotope types -. In: Schleswig-Holstein state portal. Ministry for Energy Transition, Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas of the State of Schleswig-Holstein, November 15, 2015, accessed on May 5, 2020 .
  7. ↑ Management plan FFH area DE 1826-301 "Dosenmoor nature reserve". (PDF; 1838 kB) Map 6 - Conservation and restoration goals. In: Schleswig-Holstein state portal. Ministry for Energy Transition, Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas of the State of Schleswig-Holstein, January 15, 2016, accessed on May 5, 2020 .
  8. ↑ Management plan FFH area DE 1826-301 "Dosenmoor nature reserve". (PDF; 1750 kB) Map 7.1 - Necessary measures -. In: Schleswig-Holstein state portal. Ministry for Energy Transition, Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas of the State of Schleswig-Holstein, November 15, 2015, accessed on May 5, 2020 .
  9. ↑ Management plan FFH area DE 1826-301 "Dosenmoor nature reserve". (PDF; 1738 kB) Map 7.3 - Other maintenance and development measures. In: Schleswig-Holstein state portal. Ministry for Energy Transition, Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas of the State of Schleswig-Holstein, November 15, 2015, accessed on May 5, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Management plan FFH area DE 1826-301 "Dosenmoor nature reserve". (PDF; 1696 kB) Map 7.2 - Further measures -. In: Schleswig-Holstein state portal. Ministry for Energy Transition, Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas of the State of Schleswig-Holstein, November 15, 2015, accessed on May 5, 2020 .
  11. ^ Foundation for Nature Conservation Schleswig-Holstein: Dosenmoor
  12. ↑ Paul Westrich : Die Wildbienen Deutschlands , 2nd edition, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2019, p. 17.