Amand Goegg

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Amand Goegg
Amand Goegg

Amand Goegg (born April 7, 1820 in Renchen ; † July 21, 1897 in Renchen) was a leading figure in the Baden revolution and a member of the revolutionary government. Goegg was the husband of the Swiss suffragette Marie Pouchoulin .

Life

Goegg, who came from a respected Renchen trading company, studied camera science at the University of Freiburg , at the Ruprecht-Karls-University in Heidelberg - among other things, he heard commercial apprenticeship, finance, economics and agriculture from Karl Heinrich Rau - in Munich and Karlsruhe . During his studies in 1840 he became a member of the Old Heidelberg Burschenschaft . After completing his studies, he entered the civil service and began his career as a trainee in the Baden Ministry of Finance.

Baden Revolution

Goegg, meanwhile customs assistant in Mannheim , realized in December 1848 that the "Patriotic Associations" founded by Friedrich Hecker and Gustav Struve in March 1848 were incapable of acting, and on December 26th 1848 he organized a meeting of 150 people in his hometown Renchen . He called for the nationwide and centrally coordinated founding of the Volksvereine and the general state congress of the Baden Volksvereine .

At the head of the people's associations was the Mannheim lawyer and member of the Chamber, Lorenz Brentano , who, as defender of Hecker, participated in Hecker's popularity. Since Brentano was also a member of the National Assembly and, due to this accumulation of offices, was not able to actually lead the people's associations, Goegg, as the second chairman, was the actual leader and agitator. In a short time 400 people's associations with 35,000 members belonged to the regional association.

At the delegates' conference of the Baden Volksvereine on May 12, 1849, Goegg put "the question about the proclamation of the republic" up for debate. But with that he did not find a majority. On May 13, 1849, he spoke to 35,000 to 40,000 citizens at a popular assembly in Offenburg . The demonstrators decided on a 16-point program that he had largely formulated. a. demanded the unconditional recognition of the imperial constitution and the formation of a new government under Brentano - although contrary to his original intentions it was still grand-ducal. The grand ducal government rejected the demands of the Offenburg assembly. On the evening of May 13th, the state committee under Amand Goegg drove to Rastatt, where Goegg announced the Offenburg resolutions from the balcony of the town hall and Brentano swore the vigilante and soldiers on the imperial constitution. On the same night from May 13th to 14th, Grand Duke Leopold fled his residence in Karlsruhe.

On May 14, the Bekk ministry was declared deposed and the executive commission of the state committee , which initially took over the state affairs in place of the fled grand ducal government, was established with Amand Goegg, Joseph Ignatz Peter and Carl Joseph Eichfeldt under President Lorenz Brentano . The aim of this enforcement authority was to consolidate revolutionary power and to resist an intervention by Prussia. Goegg was a member of the Provisional Government of Baden as Minister of Finance from June 1st . At the end of June 1849 the provisional government had to withdraw to Freiburg before the advancing Prussian intervention army. Goegg believed he could build a new line of resistance, but it failed. When the constituent assembly in Freiburg decided on June 28th “The war against the enemies of German unity and freedom will be continued with all available means…”, Brentano resigned as head of government, and Amand Goegg formed the “provisional” together with War Minister Werner Government of Baden with dictatorial power ”. However, the revolutionary army was already beginning to disintegrate. On July 2nd, Goegg went personally on horseback between his soldiers, who fraternized with conservative vigilantes on the Münsterplatz under the cry of "Long live the Grand Duke". The next morning he gave up. On July 12th, he crossed the Swiss border near Konstanz and asked for asylum for himself and the troops.

exile

In Switzerland, Goegg met his future wife Marie Pouchoulin , with whom he went to London via Paris in January 1854 after he had been expelled from Switzerland . There he formed the “South German Circle” with Franz Sigel , Arnold Ruge and others and campaigned for a German-American revolutionary loan in the “agitation association”, fought by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . After further positions abroad, u. a. In America in 1852, later in Australia and South America, Goegg returned to Geneva , where, probably in 1857, he married Marie Pouchoulin; she became one of the first Swiss women's rights activists. After the general amnesty for the revolutionaries in 1861, Goegg moved to Offenburg. He returned to Geneva around 1865.

In Switzerland he took part in congresses of the International Workers' Association IAA, the so-called First International .

In 1867 he was one of the founders of the International Peace League Ligue de la Paix et de la Liberté in Geneva and was elected its vice-president. The more bourgeois orientation of the Peace League intensified the differences with Marx, Engels and Bakunin, who ridiculed Goegg and criticized them with harsh words.

In 1874 he went on a propaganda trip and never returned to his family.

In the memorial dispute for those shot dead in Rastatt in 1849 , Goegg offered the town of Renchen the Rastatt memorial on the 200th anniversary of the death of Grimmelshausen . It has been standing next to the church in Renchen since then, but the town of Renchen has replaced the inscription "Fallen and died in and around Rastatt in and around Rastatt in 1849" by the town of Renchen with a dedication to Grimmelshausen as the "greatest German poet of the 17th century" .

Goegg died in his hometown Renchen in 1897, in whose cemetery he is buried.

Works

Review of the Baden Revolution with reference to the current situation in Germany. By a member of the Baden Constituent Assembly. Published by A. Gögg, 1850

literature

  • Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians, Part 7: Supplement A – K, Winter, Heidelberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-8253-6050-4 . Pp. 381-384.
  • Friedrich Lautenschlager: Amand Goegg, a man from Baden in forty-eight. For the centenary of the German revolution of 1848/49. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine 96 = NF57 (1948), pp. 19–38. (Editor: Sabrina Müller)
  • Stefan Schipperges: Amand Goegg (1820-1897). Politician - Social Revolutionary - Idealist. Attempt a portrait. In: Die Ortenau, yearbook 1998

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Freiburg militia: the Baden Revolution in Freiburg
  2. a b Frauenmediaturm: Chronologie Marie Goegg ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  3. Erik Grobet: Marie Goegg-Pouchoulin, Une pionnière du féminisme à Genève (French) (PDF; 242 kB)
  4. Karl Marx / Friedrich Engels: The great men of exile, 1852, in Marx / Engels Works Volume 8, Berlin 1972, p.312 : Amandus Goegg, lovable, as his name suggests, is not a great speaker, “but a simple citizen, whose noble and modest demeanor made him friends everywhere ”(“ Westamerican Blätter ”). Out of generosity, Goegg became a member of the provisional government in Baden, where he admittedly could not do anything against Brentano, and out of modesty he had the title Herr Dictator attached to him. Nobody denies that his achievements as finance minister were modest. Out of modesty he proclaimed d. the last day before the general withdrawal to Switzerland, which had already been ordered, the “Social-Democratic Republic” in Donaueschingen. Out of modesty, he later explained (see Janus von Heinzen 1852), d. The Parisian proletariat lost December 2nd because it did not have its Baden-French and the democratic insight otherwise practicable in southern French Germany. Anyone who wants further evidence of Goegg's modesty and the existence of a “Goegg party” will find it in the text: “Retrospect of the Baden Revolution, etc.”, Paris 1850, written by himself. He put the crown on his modesty when he declared in a public meeting in Cincinnati: “After the bankruptcy of the Baden Revolution, respected men had come to him in Zurich and declared: Men of all German tribes had participated in the Baden Revolution, it was therefore to be regarded as a German thing, just as the Roman Revolution as an Italian one. He was the man who endured, so he had to become a German Mazzini. He declined out of modesty. "
  5. ^ Letter from Friedrich Engels to August Bebel dated 16./28. March 1875 "Internationalism run down on Amand Goegg ..."
  6. Friedrich Engels, On the History of the League of Communists, 1885 : "From smaller German lights Ruge, Kinkel, Goegg and how they are all called"
  7. Historischer Verein Rastatt: Memorial for the freedom fighters shot in Rastatt in 1849 ( Memento from August 2, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  8. photo of Goeggs grave stone