Goldsaum cichlid

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Goldsaum cichlid
Male Andinoacara rivulatus "orange fringe"

Male Andinoacara rivulatus "orange fringe"

Systematics
Order : Cichliformes
Family : Cichlids (Cichlidae)
Subfamily : Cichlinae
Tribe : Cichlasomatini
Genre : Andinoacara
Type : Goldsaum cichlid
Scientific name
Andinoacara rivulatus
( Günther , 1860)

The gold fringed cichlid ( Andinoacara rivulatus ) is a freshwater fish in the family of cichlids (Cichlidae) from the Pacific tributaries in northwestern South America ( Ecuador and Peru ).

features

A male golden border cichlid approx. 10 cm long.
A female golden border cichlid in brood color with a visible genital papilla.

Goldsaum cichlids are stately and strikingly colored cichlids. Their large scales , mostly light olive on the flanks, but sometimes also shiny bluish , have a dark olive base, which leads to a high-contrast dot or speckled pattern. The forehead area is colored like the base of the scales. Fine light blue point and line drawings are distributed below the eye, from the tip of the snout to over the gill cover . In the middle of the body, below the clearly pronounced side line , there is a dark drawing spot that is not or strongly visible as a mood expression. The ventral and unpaired fins are also criss-crossed with fine, light and bluish lines, and the dorsal and caudal fins are lined with white or orange-red. Sexually mature males can reach a total length of well over 20 centimeters and, depending on their age, develop a distinctive forehead hump. Females stay a little smaller. The gender dichromatism is less pronounced, so the coloring of the sexes is very similar.
Goldsaum cichlids are polychromatic . There are specimens with orange, yellow and white fin edges. All of these forms occur side by side in nature in the same biotope .

distribution

The type locality is not known. Günther only mentions “western Ecuador” in the first description. Most of the documented evidence in nature comes from traveling aquarium enthusiasts. Gold fringed cichlids colonize Ecuador and northern Peru on the west side of the Andes and there not only the large rivers of the coastal plains, but also their smaller tributaries down to the low mountain range. In Ecuador, the Río Esmeraldas basin, Río Verde , Río Cayapas , the entire catchment of the Río Guayas , which drains the western coastal lowlands of Ecuador into the Pacific, including the smaller tributaries of the Río Vinces and the Río Daule , the Río Peripa and the system of the Río Tumbes in the north of Peru. It is unclear whether and how gold fringed cichlids have spread in Colombia . To this end, the question must be answered whether the Aequidens aequinoctialis Regan 1905 and Aequidens azurifer Fowler 1911 described north of the Esmeraldas catchment, in the border area of ​​Ecuador and Colombia, are synonymous descriptions of the gold fringed cichlid, or even several as yet undescribed species . Kullander considers these two species to be synonyms of Andinoacara rivulatus .

ecology

Goldsaum cichlids live from the coastal lowlands up to heights of 780 meters. Within this large geographical area they settle bank zones and deep, current-rich areas of large rivers, small rivers, brooks, strongly flowing spring brooks, floodplain and residual water areas, lakes and ponds. These bodies of water have a stony to sandy bottom, contain dead wood and dense layers of fallen leaves, are muddy and cloudy or clear, free of vegetation or overgrown with tall water plants. Goldsaum cichlids are very adaptable in terms of their habitat and feed omnivorously , with insect larvae , crustaceans and molluscs making up the largest proportion.
The wildlife photographer Arend van den Nieuwenhuizen reports on gold fringing cichlids in the thermal waters of the Hungarian capital Budapest and found them in the vicinity of Lake Balaton .

Reproduction

A pair of Gogldsaum cichlids, with young, in slow motion, in the aquarium.

Goldsaum cichlids form pairs for reproduction, which occupy breeding grounds. They lay their eggs openly on previously cleaned, solid substrates and embed the larvae that hatch after about three days in small pits several times a day until they can swim free. The female is primarily responsible for brood care and territorial defense.

Systematics

Günther described the gold border cichlid as Chromis rivulata . After the genus Acara Heckel in 1840 , which had meanwhile been freed from all species , it was finally placed in the "collective genus" Aequidens Eigenmann & Bray 1894 , which for a long time united a wide variety of cichlasomine cichlids. In 1998 the Swedish ichthyologist Sven O. Kullander created a morphologically based family tree of the South American cichlids and founded the "Aequidens" rivulatus group, which is now placed in quotation marks and which he placed close to the mouth-brooding Tahuantinsuyoa species.
After extensive genetic studies of seven cichlasomatine cichlid species that were previously assigned to the Aequidens , Musilová, Řícan and Novák founded the new genus Andinoacara in 2009 . The gold fringed cichlid, which is now correctly called Andinoacara rivulatus , was also placed in this new genus .
In the popular and scientific literature, gold fringed cichlid, orange fringed cichlid and silver fringed cichlid have been listed as manifestations of the only species Andinoacara rivulatus . Musilova, Schindler and Staeck examined eight genes of these cichlids and separated the silver border cichlid as a new species Andinoacara stalsbergi .

Importance to humans

Goldsaum cichlids are popular aquarium fish among cichlid fans, but they are rarely found in stores. Due to the unclear system, they were often confused with the silver border cichlid Andinoacara stalsbergi , which is called "Green Terror" in the English-speaking world. Many popular publications on these two species are unreliable because behavioral properties of both species are often presented mixed up.

swell

  • Günther, A. (1860): Second list of cold-blooded vertebrata collected by Mr. Fraser in the Andes of western Ecuador . Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London 1859 (3): 402-420.
  • Werner, U. & R. Stawikowski (1985): The gold fringed cichlid is Aequidens rivulatus (Günther, 1859). Surprising result of an ichthyological fishing trip to Ecuador . D. Aqu. u. Terr. Z. (DATZ): 38: 533-538.
  • Garbe, H. (1990): Cichlid fishing in Ecuador . DCG information 25: 54-69.
  • Stawikowski, R. (1994): Re .: “Aequidens” rivulatus . DCG Informn. 25: 248-250.
  • Stawikowski, R. & U. Werner (1998). The cichlids of America . Vol. 1: 213-217. ISBN 3-8001-7270-4 .
  • Reis, RE, Kullander, SO & CJ Ferraris, Jr. (2003): Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America . CLOFFSCA.
  • Musilová, Z., Říĉan, O. & J. Novák (2009): Phylogeny of the Neotropical cichlid fish tribe Cichlasomatini (Teleostei: Cichlidae) based on morphological and molecular data, with the description of a new genus . Journ. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 47 (3): 234-247.
  • Musilová, Z., Schindler, I. & W. Staeck (2009): Description of Andinoacara stalsbergi sp. n. (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlasomatini) from Pacific coastal rivers in Peru, and annotations on the phylogeny of the genus . Vertebrate Zool. 59 (2): 131-141.
  • Ovchynnyk, MM (1967): Freshwater fishes of Ecuador and perspective for development of fish cultivation . Latin Amer. Stud. Center Monogr. Ser. (1): 1-44.
  • Brandt-Andersen, T. (1994): Ecuador and Colombia 1993 . DCG information 25: 182-192; 203-216.
  • Nieuwenhuizen, A. (1986): Aquarium plants from Hungary . D. Aqu. u. Terr. Z. (DATZ) 39: 84-87.
  • Kullander, SO (1998): A phylogeny and classification of the South American Cichlidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) . In: Malabarba, LR, Reis, RE, Vari RP, Lucena, ZMS & CAS Lucena (Ed.): Phylogeny and classification of Neotropical fishes . Porto Alegre.
  • Kullander, SO (2003): Family Cichlidae (Cichlids) . In: Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South America and Central America : 605-654. EDIPUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wayne S. Leibel, Südamerikanische Cichliden, page 38, Tetra-Verlag Melle 1993, ISBN 3-89356-172-2
  2. ^ Werner, U. & R. Stawikowski (1985): The Goldsaumbuntbarsch is Aequidens rivulatus (Günther, 1859). Surprising result of an ichthyological fishing trip to Ecuador . D. Aqu. u. Terr. Z. (DATZ): 38: 533-538
  3. ^ Günther, A. (1860): Second list of cold-blooded vertebrata collected by Mr. Fraser in the Andes of western Ecuador . Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London 1859 (3): 402-420.
  4. ^ Werner, U. & R. Stawikowski (1985): The Goldsaumbuntbarsch is Aequidens rivulatus (Günther, 1859). Surprising result of an ichthyological fishing trip to Ecuador . D. Aqu. u. Terr. Z. (DATZ): 38: 533-538
  5. ↑ Garbe, H. (1990): On catching cichlids in Ecuador . DCG information 25: 54-69.
  6. ^ Stawikowski, R. & U. Werner (1998). The cichlids of America . Vol. 1: 213-217. ISBN 3-8001-7270-4 .
  7. ↑ Ovchynnyk, MM (1967): Freshwater fishes of Ecuador and perspective for development of fish cultivation . Latin Amer. Stud. Center Monogr. Ser. (1): 1-44.
  8. ↑ Brandt-Andersen, T. (1994): Ecuador and Colombia 1993 . DCG information 25: 182-192; 203-216.
  9. ↑ Stawikowski, R. (1994): Re .: “Aequidens” rivulatus . DCG Informn. 25: 248-250.
  10. ↑ Kullander, SO (2003): Family Cichlidae (Cichlids) . In: Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South America and Central America : 605-654. EDIPUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  11. ↑ Brandt-Andersen, T. (1994): Ecuador and Colombia 1993 . DCG information 25: 182-192; 203-216.
  12. ^ Stawikowski, R. & U. Werner (1998). The cichlids of America . Vol. 1: 213-217. ISBN 3-8001-7270-4 .
  13. ^ Nieuwenhuizen, A. (1986): Aquarium plants from Hungary . D. Aqu. u. Terr. Z. (DATZ) 39: 84-87.
  14. ↑ Kullander, SO (1998): A phylogeny and classification of the South American Cichlidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) . In: Malabarba, LR, Reis, RE, Vari RP, Lucena, ZMS & CAS Lucena (Ed.): Phylogeny and classification of Neotropical fishes . Porto Alegre.
  15. ↑ Marescalchi, O. (2005): Karyotype and mitochondrial 16S gene characterizations in seven South American Cichlasomatini species (Perciformes, Cichlidae) . Journ. Zool. Syst. & Evol. Res. 43: 22-28.
  16. ↑ Musilová, Z., Řícan, O., Janko, K. & J. Novák (2008): Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the Neotropical cichlid fish tribe Cichlasomatini (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlasomatinae) . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46: 659-672
  17. ↑ Musilová, Z., Řícan, O. & J. Novák (2009): Phylogeny of the neotropical cichlid fi sh tribe Cichlasomatini (Teleostei: Cichlidae) based on morphological and molecular data, with the description of a new genus . Journ. Zool. Syst. & Evol. Res. 47: 234-247
  18. ↑ Musilová, Z., Schindler, I. & W. Staeck (2009): Description of Andinoacara stalsbergi sp. n. (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlasomatini) from Pacifi c coastal rivers in Peru, and annotations on the phylogeny of the genus . Vertebrate Zoology 59 (2): 131-141

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