Gotthard Friedrich Stender

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Gotthard Friedrich Stender, 1753

Gotthard Friedrich Stender ( Latvian Gothards Frīdrihs Stenders; born August 27, 1714 in Lassen , Duchy of Courland and Semgallia ; † May 17, 1796 in Sonnaxt ), called the old Stender ( Latvian Vecais Stenders ), was a Kurland Lutheran pastor and Balticist . He is considered the founder of Latvian secular literature and wrote a grammar and lexicon of the Latvian language . Stender also worked as an inventor.

Life

Monument to Friedrich Stender in Eglaine, Latvia

Gotthard Friedrich Stender's father, Hermann Konrad Stender, was a pastor in Lassen . He and Rector Isack Bauer in Subbath taught him classical and oriental languages. From 1736 to 1739 he studied theology, ancient languages ​​and rhetoric in Jena and Halle . Then he was a teacher at the Francke Orphanage . Its pietistic direction led him to a freer conception of Christianity. After his return to Courland, he worked as a tutor at the Groß-Bersteln estate (Lielbērstelē, west of Rundāle ) and studied mathematics. In 1742 he was employed as vice principal at the Mitauschen city ​​school .

In 1744 Stender became pastor of Birsgallen in the Riga district. The spiritual work on the Latvian people established his familiarity with the Latvian language. In 1752 a fire and cattle plague robbed him of his belongings and he became a pastor in Záimen, Lithuania . Since he found no leisure there, he gave up the office in 1759 and emigrated to Helmstedt . He made a globe three feet in diameter for the Duke of Braunschweig . In 1760 he became rector of the newly established secondary school in Königslutter . He was a member of the German Society of Göttingen .

In 1763 he moved to Hamburg , from where he was appointed professor of geography in Copenhagen through the mediation of the Russian ambassador at the Danish court . Even King Frederick V. wish a globe, the Stender designed diameter ranging in size from 23 feet. As a result of difficult political conditions and uncomfortable financial situation, his professorship was canceled two years later and he returned to Courland. In 1765 he developed one of the first washing machines .

In 1766 he became adjunct and three years later successor to pastor Georg Christoph Radetzky (1688–1769) in Selburg (Sēlpils) and Sonnaxt (Sunākste). Most recently he was provost of the Selburg diocese and pastor of Sonnaxt. He wrote at least 15 theological and philosophical writings, including his Augstas gudrības grāmata no pasaules un dabas (The Book of High Wisdoms about the World and Nature) from 1774.

family

Gotthard Friedrich Stender was married to Anna Elisabeth Braunschweig (1716–1784). Both their son Alexander Johann Stender (1744–1819) made a name for themselves as theologian and lexicographer.

Honors

On his 300th birthday, the Latvian Post issued a commemorative stamp worth 1.39 euros with his portrait. There was also a 5 euro silver coin for Stender in 2014.

Fonts

  • New Complete Latvian Grammar ; 1761
  • Description of a new, extremely convenient washing machine ; 1765
  • Catechism in verse, to facilitate religious instruction ; 1781
  • Latvian grammar ; 1783
  • Thoughts of an old man about the near state beyond the grave ; 1786
  • Latvian Lexicon ; 1789
  • Truth of religion against the unbelief of the Frey spirits and naturalists ; Hartknoch, 1784
  • Philosophical thoughts about important objects: as supplements to the thoughts of an old man about the near state beyond the grave ; 1795
  • Fables and stories for the formation of the jokes and customs of the Latvians, written according to their way of thinking and dialect

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gotthard Friedrich Stender (1714 - 1796). In: EEVA: Digital Text Repository for Older Estonian Literature. Retrieved April 25, 2014 (Estonian).
  2. ↑ Olga Jesse: Gotthard Friedrich Stender (1714–1796) . In: Ilze Krokša, Aina Balaško (ed.): Vācu kultūra Latvijā. Ieskats vācu-latviešu novadu kultūras un vācu biedrību vēsturē = German culture in Latvia. Insight into the history of the German-Latvian regional cultures and the German club history . Latvijas Vācu Savienība, Riga 2009, ISBN 978-9984-39-832-7 , pp. 34–35.
  3. ^ Title page of the description of a new, extremely convenient washing machine , Mitau 1765.
  4. ^ A b Gotthard Friedrich Stender: Description of a new, extremely convenient washing machine . Kanter, Mitau 1765 ( online ).
  5. ↑ Stamp catalog: Gotthard Friedrich Stender , accessed on May 8, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Gotthard Friedrich Stender  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Stender, Gotthard Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stender, Friedrich; Stenders, Gothards Fridrichs; Stender, the old one
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Kurland Lutheran pastor, author and inventor
DATE OF BIRTH August 27, 1714
PLACE OF BIRTH To let
DATE OF DEATH May 17, 1796
Place of death Sun ax