Sweetgrass

Sweetgrass
Sugar cane ( Saccharum officinarum )
Systematics
Department : Vascular plants (tracheophyta) Subdivision : Seed plants (Spermatophytina) Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida) Monocots Commelinids Order : Sweetgrass
Scientific name
Poales
Small

The Süßgrasartigen (lat. Poales , sometimes just as Grassy called) are an order of commelinids within the monocots .

description

Often they are grass-like, herbaceous plants , mostly persistent. The leaves are usually two-lined on the stem axes and they are usually parallel-veined. The epidermal cells often have silica inclusions.

The original taxa of the Poales are predominantly wind pollinated ( anemophilia ). The flowers are threefold. They often have varying degrees reduced flowers with glumaceous bloom cladding . Nectaries are usually absent.

Systematics

In older systematic reviews, this order contains only one family , the sweet grasses (Poaceae). From 1998, however, molecular biological studies have led to a considerable expansion of this order. So now the families of the earlier orders Typhales, Bromeliales, Juncales, Cyperales, Restionales and some other orders are combined to the sweet grass-like (Poales), whereby the order comprises 16 families.

The APG III comprises in the order of 16 families:

In this order there are 16 families with almost 1000 genera and about 18325 species:

• Anarthriaceae : With only three genera and about eleven species.
• Bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae): With three subfamilies, 58 to 73 genera and about 2900 to 3180 species.
• Centrolepidaceae : With only three genera and about eleven species.
• Sedge (Cyperaceae): With two subfamilies, about 98 genera and about 4350 species.
• Ecdeiocoleaceae : With two monotypical genera, so only two species.
• Pipe root family ( Eriocaulaceae ): With two subfamilies, about ten genera and about 1160 species.
• Flagellariaceae: With the only genus:
  • Flagellaria : With about four species.
• Joinvilleaceae: With only one genus and two species:
  • Joinvillea
• Rush family (Juncaceae): With seven genera and about 430 species.
• Mayacaceae: With the only genus:
  • Mayaca : With about four to ten species.
• Sweet grasses (Poaceae): With 13 subfamilies, about 668 genera and a little more than 10,000 species.
• Rapateaceae : With three subfamilies, about 16 to 17 genera and about 80 to 94 species.
• Rope grass family ( Restionaceae ): With around 58 genera and around 520 species.
• Thurniaceae : With only two genera and only four species.
• Cattail family (Typhaceae, including hedgehog family ( Sparganiaceae ))
  • Typha L .: With about 27 species.
  • Sparganium L .: With about 21 species.
• Xyridaceae : It is divided into two subfamilies and contains about five genus with about 260 species.
  • Abolbodoideae
  • Xyridoideae

Family tree: The families in the order of the Poales:

	Commelinales     Zingiberales
Poales	Bromeliad clade  Bromeliaceae     Typhaceae      Cyperid clade  Mayacaceae     Rapateaceae     Thurniaceae     Cyperaceae     Juncaceae      Xyrid clade  Eriocaulaceae     Xyridaceae      Graminid clade  Flagellariaceae     Poaceae     Ecdeiocoleaceae     Joinvilleaceae  Restiid clade  Anarthriaceae     Centrolepidaceae     Restionaceae

Avenales is a synonym for Poales.

swell

• The order of the AP website. (English)
• Kåre Bremer: Gondwanan Evolution of the Grass Alliance of Families (Poales) , in: Evolution 56 (7), 2002, pp. 1374-1387: Online.
• H. Peter Linder & Paula J. Rudall: Evolutionary History of the Poales. in Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics , 36, 2005, pp. 107-124.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III . In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 161, Issue 2, 2009, pp. 105-121
2. ^ The order of the AP website.

Web links

Commons : Poales  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Profile of the Poales in the Tübingen Botanical Garden.