Gray breasted bushhammer
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Gray breasted bushhammer ( Atlapetes schistaceus ) |
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| Atlapetes schistaceus | ||||||||||||
| ( Boissonneau , 1840) |
The gray-breasted bushhammer ( Atlapetes schistaceus ) is a species of bird from the family of the New World chambers (Passerellidae). The species has a large range that includes the South American countries Peru , Ecuador , Colombia and Venezuela . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .
features
The gray breast bushhammer reaches a body length of about 18 centimeters. The top is mostly gray. Only the crown and the neck are chestnut colored. The head sides are black. The wings and tail are tinted black. There is a striking white wing mirror on the wings . The throat is white with distinctive black and white stripes on the cheeks. The underside is gray and appears whitish in the middle of the abdomen.
distribution and habitat
The species occurs in moist to wet mountain forests at altitudes between 2000 and 3800 meters. Here you can see them mainly on the bushy edges of the forest, moss-overgrown stunted and low tree forms in the Krummholz zones as well as thickets and hedges near the tree line . You can also see them in small forest-like areas above the tree line.
behavior
It is a relatively active bushhammer and therefore relatively easy to spot. Individuals or families like to follow other species. It only moves between bushes and low trees of the lower stratification layers . She jumps from branch to branch. If it is looking for food on the ground, it behaves rather inconspicuously. It mainly feeds on insects and fruits.
Subspecies
Five subspecies are described, which differ mainly in their coloration and their range:
- Atlapetes schistaceus schistaceus (Boissonneau, 1840) Comes on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Morona Santiago and the Finca Rancho Grande near Santandercitovor . Western and central Andes of Colombia to Ecuador. Nominate form
- Atlapetes schistaceus tamae Cory , 1913 Only present in the state of Táchira . The crown is lighter than in the nominate form. The only shape with a matt trace of black above the beak. The throat is white-gray. No wing mirror.
- Atlapetes schistaceus fumidus Wetmore & Phelps Jr. , 1953 Found in the Sierra de Perijá in the state of Zulia . Resembles A. s.castaneifrons but has blacker backs.
- Atlapetes schistaceus castaneifrons ( Sclater & Salvin , 1875) Was originally described under Buarremon castaneifrons . Present in the states of Táchira , Mérida up to the 3,585 meter high Páramo Cendé in the north of Trujillo near the border with Lara . Crown even lighter than in A. s. tamae The wing mirror is missing or is only very weak.
- Atlapetes schistaceus taczanowskii (Sclater & Salvin, 1875) Was originally named Buarremon taczanowskii in the same contribution as A. s. castaneifrons described. Occurs on the eastern slopes of the northern central Andes of Peru in the Huánuco to Junín regions . Has a lighter crown than A. s. castaneifrons and the wing mirror is missing. The cheeks are almost white with only an imperceptible black line.
Some authors consider the Cusco bushhammer ( Atlapetes canigenis ) Chapman , 1919, as another subspecies. This is because the name Slaty Brush-finch was used for them in the past . In truth, this endemic species is more closely related to the red-eared bush hammer ( Atlapetes rufigenis ) or the black-faced bush hammer ( Atlapetes melanolaemus ).
Research history and etymology
Auguste Boissonneau first described this bush hammer under Tanagra (Arremon) schistaceus . The word Atlapetes for the genus is made up of atla for the Titan Atlas , whose name means bearer, patient and petes from the Greek petros for rock . In ancient mythology, Atlas carried the vault of heaven on his shoulders. The specific epithet comes from Latin and is formed from the word schistaceus for schist (i.e. blue-gray).
literature
- Steven L. Hilty , William L. Brown: A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, 1986, pp. 649f, ISBN 978-0691083728 .
- Steven L. Hilty, John A. Gwynne, Guy Tudor : Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0691092508 , pp. 810f.
- Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee, William H. Phelps , Guy Tudor: A Guide to the Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, 1992, p. 358 ISBN 978-0691082059
- Robert S. Ridgely , Guy Tudor, William Liddle Brown: The Birds of South America. Volume I: The Oscine Passerines. Jays and Swallows, Wrens, Thrushes, and Allies, Vireos and Wood-Warblers, Tanagers, Icterids, and Finches. University of Texas Press, 1989, ISBN 9780292707566 , pp. 442f.
- Thomas Schulenberg , Douglas F. Stotz , Daniel F. Lane: Birds of Peru. Princeton University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-04915-1 , p. 604.
- Robert S. Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide , Vol. 1, Cornell University Press, 2001, p. 783, ISBN 978-0-8014-8720-0
- Robert S. Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide , Vol. 2, Cornell University Press, 2001, p. 687, ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7
Web links
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Slaty Brush-finch (Atlapetes schistaceus) in the Internet Bird Collection
- Avibase Gray-breasted Bushhammer (Atlapetes schistaceus) pictures and further information
- Mangoverde Slaty Brush-Finch Atlapetes schistaceus picture
- Mangoverde Slaty Brush-Finch Atlapetes schistaceus picture
- Birding Peru Atlapetes schistaceus taczanowskii picture
- Flickr Atlapetes schistaceus-Slaty Brush Finch-Roncesvalles picture
Individual evidence
- ↑ Atlapetes schistaceus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010.3. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2009. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
- ↑ Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative p. 297f Biology and eveolution of the Atlapetes schistaceus species-group (Aves: Emberizinae) (Engl.)
- ↑ The Auk Birds of a Highland Clearing in Cundinamarca, Colombia (PDF; 677 kB)
- ^ Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875 pp. 235f Buarremon castaneifrons sp. Nov. (lat.)
- ↑ Proposal (# 85) to South American Check-list Committee: Change English name of Atlapetes canigenis ( Memento of the original from June 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (engl.)
- ↑ Revue zoologique par la Société cuviérienne 1840 p. 69 Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota T. (Arremon) schistaceus (French)
