Border Brigade 1

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Artillery plant Pré-Giroud

The Grenzbrigade 1 (Gz Br 1) ( French brigade frontière 1 ) was one of eleven border brigades of the Swiss Army . It was subordinate to the 1st Army Corps (since 1961 Field Army Corps 1 , FAK 1) and existed from 1938 to 1994 ( Army 95 ).

history

Border Brigade 1 in the basic disposition from 1992

The border troops were reorganized in accordance with the Hague Agreement with the 1938 Troop Order (TO 38) and 11 border brigades (Gz Br) were created. In addition to the border fusilier battalions, they had a company of cyclists, motorized mitrailleurs and infantry gunners .

In order for the border defense (border occupation) to remain credible despite the rapid development of war technology, the Federal Council decided to strengthen the line of defense with permanent, deeply staggered border fortifications . In 1935, the federal authorities had the office for fortifications (BBB) ​​revived and from 1937 the border fortifications (fortress Sargans etc.) were rebuilt.

Border Brigade 1 was assigned to the 1st Army Corps for training and deployment preparation. The subordination during the mission was determined by the respective operation plan. In all units of the border troops, militiamen residing in the operational area were assigned because the border troops were the first to be mobilized in the event of mobilization and had to be ready for immediate action so that the mobilization of the majority of the army could not be disrupted.

The area of ​​the Border Brigade (1938–1994) was delimited by the area from the Col des Etroits ( Sainte-Croix ) ⊙ to the Col de la Givrine ( Saint-Cergue ) ⊙ , along the course of the Promenthouse ( Prangins ) ⊙ and a corridor along the Lake Geneva to La Tour-de-Peilz ⊙ .

The most important axes were the Geneva-Lausanne-Yverdon motorway with the parallel cantonal road, the Vallorbe-Orbe motorway, the Jurafuss axis and the transverse axes from the French border to Lake Geneva.

The brigade was tasked with blocking the main axes from the border, conducting the attrition battle from the border and monitoring Lake Geneva and its northern bank between Geneva and La Tour-de-Peilz. They had to ensure the neutrality protection service (NSD) and to block the axes leading through their area. On Lake Geneva she was supported by Motorboat Detachment 1.

Patrol boat P-80

From 1935, the Détachement surveillance Lac Léman was used as a special motorboat unit to monitor Lake Geneva . In December 1942, the motor boat detachment 1 (Det canots mot 1) was formed ad hoc and subordinated to Territorial Zone 1 (Ter Zo 1) of the 1st Army Corps. In the years 1943–1945, 30 motor boats and over 100 men were in use. After the active service (TO 46), all of the army's own patrol boats were brought together in Motorboat Company 1. Three trains have been assigned for Lake Geneva (two in Morges, one in Villeneuve). In 1981/82 four newly developed P-80 patrol boats were delivered for Lake Geneva.

Units (as of 1994)

The Border Brigade 1 comprised:

  • Infantry regiments 41, 70, 71
  • Fusilier Battalion 302
  • Fortress Company 101 (12 cm fortress mine thrower)
  • Works companies 1, 2, 3

Command posts, artillery works and blocking points

Tobleroneweg

The works and blocking points of Border Brigade 1 are in the canton of Vaud:

  • Command post (KP): KP Border Brigade 1, KP 70 Infantry Regiment, KP Border Regiment 41
  • Artillery: Artillery Pré-Giroud A 577
  • Restrictions (restricted areas of national importance with *): Aubonne, Ballaigues, Bassins, Begnins *, Bière, Buchillons, Chateau St. Croix, Col de L'Aiguillon, Col des Etroits *, Col du Marchairuz , Col du Mollendruz , Dullive *, Gland *, Gittaz Dessus, Grange Neuve, L'Abbaye, La Combaz, La Cula, La Jougnene, La Languetine, La Lignerolle *, La Magnena, La Mathoulaz, La Pouette, La Poyette, La Sagne, La Vaux, Le Cunay, Le Châtelard, Le Day *, Le Brassus, Les Côtes, Les Envers, Les Naz, Les Praises, Les Praz, Les Rasses, Mauborget, Mont Tendre, Le Pont, Mont d'Or, Paquier aux Vaux, Petra Felix *, Perly , Promenthouse *, Saint-George , Sur le Tour, Thônex, Vaulion, Galerie Vaulion, Versoix.

Facilities Vaud Jura

Marchairuz North A 626 infantry bunker
GPH lock point L'Abbaye

The Vaud Jura is crossed from France ( Pontarlier ) with pass crossings of mostly supra-regional importance, all of which have been fortified. The axis Pontarlier- Col des Etroits - Sainte-Croix -Chateau Sainte-Croix- Yverdon was secured with a long bunker line in front of Sainte-Croix. The focus is on the closures at Col des Etroits and Les Envers .

On the secondary axis Jougne - Col de l'Aiguillon –Baulmes – Yverdon , La Sagne VD , La Poyette and Languetine formed the first barriers after the border towards Lignerolle . On the Pontarlier- Col de Jougne- Lignerolle-Yverdon-Lausanne axis , the Lignerolle barrier , built in 1938 after Ballaigue, was the second rear barrier on the attack axis across the street from Jounge. The axis Pontarlier-Col de Jougne-Vallorbe- Col du Mollendruz -Lausanne was defended near Vallorbe by the Le Day lock with the Pré-Giroud artillery. The Petra Felix barrier west of the Mollendruz Pass controlled the road coming from Le Pont and Vallorbe at the junction to Vaulion-Romainmôtier and L'Isle-Cossonay.

The minor axis Vallorbe-Le Brassus- Col du Marchairuz (pass position) -Saint-George-Aubonne was closed in the area of Le Brassus , Le Cunay and Saint-George . The Pontarlier- Col de la Givrine- Saint-Cergue- Nyon axis was secured by the Promenthouse lock near Gland .

The railway axis from Pontarlier through the Mont d'Or tunnel to Vallorbe and Lausanne was interrupted by an explosive object in the Mont d'Or railway tunnel . In Les Mouilles one could Centi bunker the railway line and the A9 motorway take Vallorbe under fire.

Lock point La Combaz

  • Ik sign La Combaz NA 500, lock La Combaz (Romairon VD) ⊙
  • Ik sign La Combaz SA 501, lock La Combaz (Romairon VD) ⊙
  • Ik- sign La Magnena EA 502, lock La Magnena (Mauborget / Villars VD) ⊙

Lock point Saint-Croix

  • Infantry bunker Château EA 507, lock Château St. Croix ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Château WA 508, lock Château St. Croix ⊙
  • Shelter at Château Dorf (cavern) A 509, lock Château St. Croix ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Les Praises NA 510, Les Praises barrier (Ste-Croix VD) ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Les Praises SA 511, Les Praises barrier (Ste-Croix VD) ⊙
  • La Layette NA 512 infantry bunker, Les Praises barrier (Ste-Croix VD) ⊙
  • La Layette SA 513 infantry bunker, Les Praises barrier (Ste-Croix VD) ⊙
  • Infantry bunker A 514, Paquier aux Vaux barrier (Ste-Croix VD) ⊙
  • Paquier aux Vaux A 515 infantry bunker, Paquier aux Vaux barrier (Ste-Croix VD) ⊙
  • Paquier aux Vaux A 516 infantry bunker, Paquier aux Vaux barrier (Ste-Croix VD) ⊙

Lock point Col des Etroits *

  • Col Etroits EA 518 infantry bunker, Col des Etroits barrier (Ste-Croix VD) ⊙
  • Col Etroits Center A 519 infantry bunker, Col des Etroits lock (Ste-Croix VD) ⊙
  • Infantry bunker in GPH A 520, Col des Etroits barrier (Ste-Croix VD) ⊙
  • Infantry bunker in GPH A 521 Col des Etroits lock (Ste-Croix VD) ⊙
  • Col Etroits WA 522 infantry bunker Col des Etroits barrier (Ste-Croix VD) ⊙

Lock point Les Envers

  • Vers le Bois infantry bunker A 523, Les Envers barrier (L'Auberson VD) ⊙
  • Les Envers EA 524 infantry bunker, Les Envers barrier (L'Auberson VD) ⊙
  • Les Envers WA 525 infantry bunker, Les Envers barrier (L'Auberson VD) ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Suard des Envers A 526, Les Envers barrier (L'Auberson VD) ⊙
  • Prisettes infantry bunker, Gittaz Dessus barrier (St. Croix VD) ⊙
  • Mont Moussu infantry bunker, Gittaz Dessus barrier (St. Croix VD) ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Gittaz Dessus N, Gittaz Dessus barrier (St. Croix VD) ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Gittaz Dessus S, Gittaz Dessus barrier (St. Croix VD) ⊙

Baulmes lockout

  • Infantry bunker Sur le Tour A 531, lock Sur le Tour (Baulmes VD) ⊙
  • GPH Sur le Tour, lock Sur le Tour (Baulmes VD) ⊙
  • Aiguillon infantry bunker, Col de L'Aiguillon lock (Baulmes VD) ⊙
  • Infantry factory Aiguillon Gallery, Col de L'Aiguillon lock (Baulmes VD) ⊙
  • GPH Aiguillon, Col de L'Aiguillon lock (Baulmes VD) ⊙
  • Aiguilles de Baulmes infantry bunker (Baulmes VD) ⊙
  • Ik-shield Les Crebillon N, lock Les Naz (Baulmes VD) ⊙
  • Ik sign Les Crébillons S, lock Les Naz (Baulmes VD) ⊙
  • Les Praz infantry bunker, Les Praz dam (Baulmes VD) ⊙

Lock point La Jougnene

  • La Jougnene N infantry bunker, La Jougnene barrier (Baulmes VD) ⊙
  • Infantry bunker La Jougnene S, La Jougnene barrier (Baulmes VD) ⊙
  • GPH La Jougnene, La Jougnene lock (Baulmes VD) ⊙
  • Gun position in GPH, barrier La Jougnene (Baulmes VD) ⊙
  • Gun position in GPH, barrier La Jougnene (Baulmes VD) ⊙
  • Grange Neuve W infantry bunker, Grange Neuve barrier (Baulmes VD) ⊙
  • Grange Neuve E infantry bunker, Grange Neuve barrier (Baulmes VD) ⊙

Lock point La Sagne

  • Infantry bunker La Sagne Nord A 544, barrier La Sagne (Baulmes VD) ⊙
  • Infantry bunker La Sagne Süd A 545, barrier La Sagne (Baulmes VD) ⊙

Lock point La Poyette

  • Infantry bunker La Poyette Nord A 548, barrier La Poyette (Lignerolle VD) ⊙
  • Infantry bunker La Poyette SA 549, barrier La Poyette (Lignerolle VD) ⊙
  • Weapon position in GPH La Poyette, lock La Poyette (Lignerolle VD) ⊙
  • Weapon position in GPH La Poyette, lock La Poyette (Lignerolle VD) ⊙
  • Weapon stand in GPH La Poyette-La Languetine, lock La Poyette (Lignerolle VD) ⊙
  • 10.5 cm centi bunker Les Mouilles A 554, Les Mouilles lock ⊙

Lock point La Lignerolle *

  • Infantry bunker La Languetine A 556, barrier La Languetine VD ⊙
  • Infantry bunker La Rochasset A 558, barrier La Languetine VD ⊙
  • Les Millières A 560 infantry bunker, La Lignerolle VD lock ⊙
  • Infantry bunker La Lignerolle A 561, barrier La Lignerolle VD
  • Infantry bunker Les Rogets A 562, barrier La Lignerolle VD ⊙
  • Infantry bunker A 56x, Les Côtes barrier (Lignerolle VD) ⊙
  • Arms position Center Village, lock La Lignerolle VD ⊙
  • Infantry bunker La Vaux A 563, La Vaux barrier (Les Clées VD) ⊙
  • Les Communs A 567 infantry bunker, Ballaigues barrier ⊙
  • Ballaigues infantry bunker center A 568, Ballaigues barrier ⊙
  • Jolimont A 569 infantry bunker, Ballaigues barrier ⊙

Lock point Le Day *

  • Artillery plant Pré-Giroud A 577, Le Day lock (Vallorbe VD) ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Pré-Giroud West A 578, Le Day barrier (Vallorbe VD) ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Pré-Giroud Ost A 579, Le Day barrier (Vallorbe VD) ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Pré-Giroud A 580, Le Day barrier (Vallorbe VD) ⊙
  • Grange Neuve A 581 infantry bunker, Le Day barrier (Vallorbe VD) ⊙

Lock point Petra Felix *

  • Ik-Schild Petra Felix A 604, lock Petra Felix (Le Pont VD) ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Petra Felix N ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Petra Felix N ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Petra Felix S ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Petra Felix S ⊙
  • Gun position Petra Felix ⊙
  • Gun position Petra Felix ⊙
  • Gun position Petra Felix ⊙
  • Weapon position in GPH ⊙
  • Gun position, lock point L'Abbaye VD ⊙

Lock point Mollendruz

  • Tank socket position Mollendruz S, lock Col du Mollendruz VD ⊙
  • Tank socket position Mollendruz N, lock Col du Mollendruz VD ⊙
  • Infantry bunker, Le Brassus barrier (VD) ⊙
  • Infantry bunker GPH lock point Le Cunay (Bière VD) ⊙

Lock point Marchairuz

  • Infantry bunker Marchairuz Nord A 626 1 Mg, barrier Col du Marchairuz VD ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Marchairuz Süd A 627 1 Ik, 1 Mg, barrier Col du Marchairuz VD ⊙

Lock point Saint-George

  • Infantry factory «St. George West »A 641, Saint-George lock ⊙
  • Infantry bunker «St. George East »A 642, lock Saint-George ⊙
  • Infantry bunker La Cula A 654, La Cula barrier (Les Clés VD) ⊙

Facilities Lake Geneva

Infantry bunker Villa Verte A 726
Bergerie Lac A 730 infantry bunker, Promenthouse VD lock

The Versoix blocking point (Bellevue-La Bâtie and Bach Versoix lines) was built to protect the Versoix station so that the Geneva troops could be loaded onto the train because the city of Geneva would have been declared an open city during the war. The first line of defense on Lake Geneva was the Promenthouse barrier , which was built in 1937 and , together with the secondary line from Dullive, formed a double barrier . The second line of defense on Lake Geneva was built near Aubonne along the stream of the same name.

Lock point Aubonne

  • Infantry bunker Toleure West A 646, lock Aubonne VD ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Toleure Ost A 647, lock Aubonne ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Esserts Vaux Sud A 649, lock Aubonne ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Volaille Nord A 650, Aubonne barrier ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Volaille Süd A 651, lock Aubonne ⊙
  • Aubonne Ville A 654 infantry bunker, Aubonne lock ⊙
  • Infantry bunker La Chaumière A 655 ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Moulin de la Vaux Ost A 656, Aubonne barrier ⊙
  • Moulin de la Vaux West A 657 infantry bunker, Aubonne barrier ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Praz Riondet A 658, lock Aubonne ⊙
  • Bellevue Etoy A 659 infantry bunker, Aubonne barrier ⊙
  • Noyer Girod CFF A 660 infantry bunker, Aubonne barrier ⊙
  • Noyer Girod infantry bunker, Route A 661, Aubonne lock ⊙
  • Bois Chamblard Nord A 665 infantry bunker, Aubonne lock ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Bois Chamblard South A 666, lock Aubonne ⊙

Lock point basins

  • Infantry bunker Bassins Nord A 687, lock Bassins ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Bassins Sud A 688, lock Bassins ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Moinsel A 689, lock basins ⊙

Lock point Le Châtelard

  • La Feuilleuse A 700 infantry bunker, Le Châtelard VD ⊙ barrier
  • Cannon shield A 701, lock Le Châtelard VD ⊙
  • Infantry bunker La Cézille A 703, Le Châtelard VD ⊙ barrier
  • Infantry bunker Le Ravin A 704, Le Châtelard VD ⊙ barrier
  • Le Châtelard A 705 infantry bunker, Le Châtelard VD ⊙ barrier

Lock point Begnins *

  • Infantry bunker En Persières A 706, Begnins barrier ⊙
  • Ball bunker En Persières A 707, Begnins lock ⊙
  • Infantry parapet at the confluence of Vorzairie / Lavasson ⊙

Lock point Dullive *

  • Les Sâles Nord infantry station, Nant bridge, Dullive VD lock ⊙
  • GPH Dullive, lock Dullive VD ⊙

Lock point Vich Gland *

  • Infantry bunker Moulin du Creux A 710, barrier Gland VD ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Vich Sud A 713, barrier Gland VD ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Gland Ouest A 714, barrier Gland VD ⊙
  • Fontana A 715 infantry bunker, barrier Gland VD ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Prangins A 716, barrier Gland VD ⊙
  • Vertelin infantry bunker A 717, barrier Gland VD ⊙

Promenthouse lock point *

  • Infantry bunker Villa Verte A 726, lock Promenthouse VD ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Villa Rose A 728, lock Promenthouse VD ⊙
  • Bergerie center A 729 infantry bunker, Promenthouse VD lock ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Bergerie Lac A 730, lock Promenthouse VD ⊙

Lock point Chillon *

  • Chillon Artillery Works A 390, entrance ⊙

Blocking point Versoix GE

  • Infantry bunker Route de Letraz A 752, Versoix GE barrier
  • Machefer A 754 infantry bunker, Versoix GE barrier ⊙
  • Infantry bunker Rue des Moulins A 756, lock Versoix GE ⊙
  • Cinq Chemins Bellevue A 757 infantry bunker, Versoix GE barrier ⊙
  • Rennex-Oeust Bellevue A 758 infantry bunker, Versoix GE barrier ⊙
  • Rennex-Est Bellevue A 759 infantry bunker, Versoix GE lock ⊙

Fort de Pré-Giroud Museum and Tobleroneweg

The Pré-Giroud artillery plant was bought by the Fort de Vallorbe Foundation (Pré-Giroud) in 1988 and is open to the public. The Tobleroneweg is a 17 km long educational trail and hiking trail that leads along the defense line of the Promenthouse near Gland.

literature

Web links

Commons : Brigade frontière 1  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Agreement on the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Event of Land War, concluded in The Hague on October 18, 1907.
  2. ↑ Hansjakob Burkhardt: Fortification "Seesperre Nas", infantry and artillery works Ober- and Unter-Nas with a sea obstacle at the Lake Lucerne entrance gate to the Reduit and Swiss Navy on Lake Lucerne, use of motor boat troops and cargo ship detachments - development and procurement of patrol boats P- 41 and P-80. Fischerdörfli-Verlag, Meggen 2005, ISBN 3-907164-14-8
  3. ↑ Military-historical monuments in the cantons of Vaud and Geneva, VBS 2006
  4. ↑ Lock point Petra Felix
  5. ^ Fortress Oberland: Border Brigade 1
  6. ^ E-periodica: La ligne fortifiée de l'Aubonne
  7. ↑ The military fortress of Pré-Giroud
  8. ↑ The Toblerone hiking trail

Coordinates: 46 ° 42 ′ 31.3 "  N , 6 ° 24 ′ 38.5"  E ; CH1903:  521 396  /  173,570