List of blocking points in Switzerland
The list of blocking points in Switzerland ( French position de barrage , Italian Sbarramento (difensivo) , military abbreviation: Sp Stel ) contains defensive positions from the 13th century to the end of the Cold War . Artillery works were built throughout Switzerland to provide fire support for the most important blocking points .
Older locking points ( Letzinen )
The medieval letzins consisted of earthworks, walls and palisades, which were laid out in favorable terrain so that outnumbered defenders had an advantage. At the time of the Battle of Morgarten (1315), access to central Switzerland was secured with Letzinen near Arth, Rothenthurm, Brünig Pass , Rengg Pass ( Pilatus ) and palisades (Schwirren) in the water near Brunnen , Stansstad and Buochs . The Letzi near Morgarten was only built in 1322.
- Bellinzona castles
- Dufour fortifications , Bex VD, Saint-Maurice VS **
- Fortini della Fame
- Grendeltor , Zurich
- Hardturm , Zurich
- Letzi Oberarth
- Lan Müraia , Promontogno
- Letzi Mülenen
- La Serra
- St. Luzisteig fortress
- Letzi Näfels
- Letzi Spissi, Wimmis
- Letziturm Morgarten
- Letziturm Rothenturm
- Schnitzturm , Stansstad
- Serravalle
Blocking points of the Swiss Army ( tank traps )
A barrier or blocking point is a defensive position of the national defense, which is supposed to stop the advancing opponent along a spatially limited attack axis. It is primarily oriented in one direction. Lock points are part of the permanent combat infrastructure. They can be explosive objects, obstacles, infantry bunkers and shelters, fortress mine throwers, or combinations thereof.
The Swiss Army maintained fortified barricades with around 2,000 anti-tank obstacles and infantry bunkers or infantry cannon shields to protect them. During the Second World War bunker with were anti-tank - or artillery guns of the caliber 4.7 cm and 7.5 cm and armed machine guns. The blocking points received fire support from nearby artillery works and artillery positions.
With Army 61 , the locking points were modernized with 9 cm anti-tank guns and new bunkers such as the Centi and Vickers bunkers as well as 8.1 and 12 cm underground fortress mine launchers .
The blocking points were at the border , at the Reduite entrances and at strategically important constrictions (“passage obligé”). They were maintained by the fortress guard corps .
Most of the blocking points were taken out of service with the army reform in 1995 , the rest around 2004. The explosives in the explosive objects were expanded until the end of 2014.
Some locking points have been made accessible as museums or can be visited on request. The blocking points are classified in the inventory of combat and command structures (ADAB) according to national **, regional * and local importance:
Aargau
- Bözberg * visit
- Koblenz ** visit
- Limmat position
- Pure Roost **
- Reuenthal-Full **
- Villigen **
- Zurzach **
Basel-Country
Basel city
Bern
- Bernese Oberland
- Beatenbucht
- Some **
- Fortification Murten *
- Grimsel **
- Grünenberg Pass
- Heiligenschwendi **, visit
- Jaunpass
- Merligen sickle **
- Mülenen *
- Wimmis 2125 *
- Wimmis – Simmental – Gantrisch 2125 **
Freiburg
- Euschels *
- Gruyère **
- In the catch
- Jaunpass
- La Tine **
- La Tsintre *
Glarus
Grisons
- Trin 1205 **, museum
- Rothenbrunnen 1207 **
- Via Mala 1209 *
- Rofla 1210 *
- Sufers / Crestawald 1211/1201 **, museum
- Splügen 1212 *
- Septimer 1227 *
- Julier Pass 1228 **
- Chlus 1231 **
- Maloja 1232 *, museum
- Flüelapass 1249 *
- Lavin 1252 **
- Ova Spin 1260 **
- Bernina houses 1268 **
- Valserberg 1281 *
- Safierberg 1282
- St. Antönien 1284
- Ellhorn 1307 **
- Ansstein 1316 *
- St. Luzisteig 1317 **, museum
- Trimmis 1322 *
- Russein 2306 *, museum
- Lukmanier 2320 *
law
- Col des Rangiers **
- Vorbourg-Soyhières **, visit
Lucerne
- Flühli **
- Bumbachtal-Schrattenfluh **
- Seesperre Nas **
Nidwalden
Obwalden
Schaffhausen
Schwyz
- Reduit Brigade 24
- Etzel **, inspection
- Lining plain **
- Oberarth **
- Schindellegi-Biberbrugg **
- Sihlsee
- St. Adrian *
- Wägital
Solothurn
- Challhöchi
- Fortification Hauenstein **
- Goose Fountain **
- Gempen Plateau **
- Scheltenpass **
- Under Hauenstein **
St. Gallen
- Sargans fortress area
- Bruggerhorn to Thal **
- Magletsch, Plattis Wartau **
- Schollberg 1306 **
- Sarganser Au 1307 **
- Seeztal
- Stoos **
Ticino
- Fortification Bellinzona
- Gotthard fortress area **
- Gola di Lago *
- Lona Mondascia **
- Lukmanier 2320 *
- Magadino – Gordola **
- Monte Ceneri **
- Monte di Medeglia **
- San Giacomo **
- South portal, Forte Airolo **
Thurgau
- Fortress belt Kreuzlingen **, museum
- Schaffhausen-Stein am Rhein **
Uri
- Klausen Pass *
- Oberalp Pass *
- Schöllenen **
Vaud
- Corbeyrier *
- Chillon **, visit
- Col des Etroits **
- Col du Marchairuz
- Col du Mollendruz
- Promenthouse **, "Tobleroneweg"
- Saint George *
- La Tine **
Valais
- Fortified area of Saint-Maurice **, museum
- Fenalet
- Gondo **, museum
- Porte du Scex **
- Simplon axis **
- Vernayaz
train
- Military history foundation of the canton of Zug , visits
- Feuerschwand-Gubel **
- Rates *
- Unterägeri *
- Zugerberg **
Zurich
- Military History Society of the Canton of Zurich
- Andelfingen **
- Dietikon *
- Eglisau-Seglingen **
- Glattfelden, Fisiloch
- Laufen-Uhwiesen, Mörlen *
- Rheinau **
- Rudlingen **
- Barn **
- Stammheim-Schlattingen *
- Uetliberg
- Urdorf **
- Waldegg ** Zurich-Albisrieden, Uitikon
- Weiach *
- Wollishofen-Sihltal *
- City of Zurich **
literature
- Arnold Nüscheler : The last of Switzerland . "Mittheilungen" of the antiquarian society, Volume 18, Zurich 1872.
- Max Mittler: Letzinen in original Switzerland . In: Schauplätze der Schweizer Geschichte, Zurich 1987.
- Jost Bürgi: The last of the original cantons . In: Actes du symposium 1982.
- Leo Fabrizio: Bunkers . Infolio éditions, Gollion 2004, ISBN 2-88474-008-2 . GMS investment list with locations (PDF; 11 kB)
Web links
- Martin Illi: Letzi. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Crestawald Fortress Museum: Lock points in the canton of Graubünden
- Fortress museum Sperre Trin: Lock areas in the canton of Graubünden
- Fort FriBe: barriers and bunkers in the cantons of Friborg and Bern
- Bunker association Kleinlützel: lock Kleinlützel
- Solothurn Jura Fortifications Association
- Forti: fortifications in the canton of Ticino
- Bunker friends: restricted areas in Switzerland
- Oberland Fortress: Blocking points in Switzerland
- Swiss fortresses: museum fortresses
- Swiss television «Schweiz aktuell» of December 17, 2002: The last 1000 anti-tank traps
Individual evidence
- ^ Historical Association of the Canton of Glarus: Letzinen in Switzerland
- ↑ Swiss Armed Forces: Terms of Armed Forces Command Regulations ( Memento of December 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Homepage of the Association of Former Members of the Fortress Guard Corps (VEAFWK) with the history of the Fortress Guard Corps
- ↑ DDPS: Explosive objects from the Swiss Army ( Memento from September 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Armasuisse: Inventory of combat and command structures (ADAB) per canton, classified according to national, regional and local importance
- ^ ETH library: Jost Bürgi - The last of Arth and Oberarth