Guerrilla gardening

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Guerrilla gardeners plant vegetables in downtown Calgary

As Guerilla Gardening (composed of guerrilla - by . Span guerrilla for "little war" - and . English gardening for "gardening") the secret sowing was by plants as subtle means of political originally protest and civil disobedience in the public space called, mainly in large cities or on public green spaces. In the meantime, guerrilla gardening has developed into urban gardening or urban agriculture and connects the protest with the benefits of a harvest or the beautification of dreary inner cities by greening fallow areas.

history

Starting in Great Britain, guerrilla gardening has spread over the last few years, particularly in the metropolises of the western world. Forerunners of guerrilla gardening can be seen since 1970 in New York City and in Germany in the context of the natural garden movement, the interest in the “wild green of the cities” and some art actions, for example by Louis Le Roy and Joseph Beuys . Guerrilla gardening became known when on May 1, 2000 in London, armed with spades, gardening tools, mother earth and seedlings, critics of globalization , anarchists and environmental activists met on a lawn in busy Parliament Square to "recapture the streets" as they proclaimed on banners. , and dug up the area in order to then plant it.

Political protest

The action quickly found imitators and was modified or refined. There were seeds bombs rotated to deploy them in inaccessible places.

In politically motivated actions, the arrangement and selection of the plants (for example sowing flower seeds in the form of a peace symbol, planting rice or grain in public green spaces, planting golf courses with thorn bushes) can convey a political statement. Interfering with genetic engineering field trials ( field exemption ) by clandestinely sowing natural plants in between also belongs to this category.

The politically motivated guerrilla gardeners see their actions, for example, "... in the revolutionary struggle for wisdom ... as a general protest against the monocultures of the philistine bourgeoisie ..." ("Guide to the revolutionary struggle for wisdom").

Environment worth living in

#Park park of Extinction Rebellion in Freiburg
Guerrilla garden in the Netherlands

At the same time, a form of guerrilla gardening has developed, in which classic approaches of moral economy are combined with the desire for urban self-sufficiency and with a protest against the agricultural industry . According to the wishes of these guerrilla gardeners, the cities should be made tangible as an environment worth living in and should be taken over by their residents "with their own hands". This includes illegal vegetable cultivation on fallow land , wild rice cultivation between skyscrapers or organized sprout cultivation on the roofs of houses. Inner-city wastelands, green strips and backyards are planted and biotopes, community gardens and plant beds are created.

Planted tree slice in an east London suburb

"While the hippie generation of the 1960s and 1970s rather remote, self-sufficient rural communes dreamed where the bread was baked from home-grown cereals and sweaters should be knitted with the wool-house sheep, see guerrilla gardeners their very own habitat in the skyscrapers or industrial areas of the metropolises. They plant cabbages and carrots on grass verges between multi-lane roads. They let potatoes or tomatoes flourish in old car tires on demolished plots. "

Legal situation in Germany

Guerrilla gardening in Germany. Border with pebbles.

If the plants are planted without the consent of the property owner or leaseholder, guerrilla gardening in Germany is often a criminal offense and can be prosecuted as damage to property . As a rule, however, as the authority responsible for public space, the municipalities refrain from this. In view of the low budget for urban greening, some municipal administrations even welcome the spontaneous planting campaigns or take them as an impetus to consider the official approval of urban areas.

Famous pepole

An internationally known representative of guerrilla gardening is the Briton Richard Reynolds , who, in addition to his gardening activities, has also come out with publications on the subject. Garden guerrillas in German-speaking countries include Wilm Weppelmann in Münster, Petrus Akkordeon in Berlin and Maurice Maggi in Zurich. Annemie Maes works in Belgium and passes on her experience in international courses.

Action

Seed bombs

Seed bomb

Like guerrillas , guerrilla gardeners avoid open confrontation and prefer remote and inaccessible locations or secretly carry out “surprise plantings”. Seed bombs are used for clandestine sowing in crowded places . These are balls of earth, clay and seeds. They can be thrown onto traffic islands from a bicycle or dropped inconspicuously while walking.

Moss milk

Gray concrete pillars or walls are sprayed with a mixture of buttermilk and moss, sometimes also labeled with this (“moss graffiti”). If the conditions are ideal, the moss will green the concrete.

See also

literature

  • Christa Müller (Ed.): Urban Gardening. About the return of the gardens to the city . Oekom-Verlag, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-86581-244-5 .
  • Richard Reynolds: Guerrilla Gardening - A Botanical Manifesto. With a large part of the manual on tactics, equipment and the choice of botanical weapons . Orange-press, 2009, ISBN 978-3-936086-44-7 .
  • M. Andritzky, K. Spitzer (ed.): Green in the city - from above by itself for all of all. Rowohlt Taschenbuchverlag, Reinbek near Hamburg 1981, ISBN 3-499-17464-2 .
  • Josie Jeffery: Changing the world with seed bombs: For guerrilla gardeners and everyone who wants to become one. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2012, ISBN 978-3-8001-7693-9 .
  • Sarah Kumnig, Marit Rosol, Andreas Exner (Ed.): Contested green. Between neoliberal urban development and urban design from below . transcript, Bielefeld 2017, ISBN 978-3-8376-3589-8 .

Web links

Commons : Guerrilla Gardening  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Felicitas Rhan: Plants instead of dancing. ( Memento of the original from September 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Art . April 11, 2008. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.art-magazin.de
  2. ↑ a b c d e Julia Jahnke: An inventory of the global phenomenon of guerrilla gardening. ( Memento from September 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Humboldt University Berlin , Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, Master's thesis, October 29, 2007. (PDF file; 3.1 MB).
  3. ↑ Plant Guerillero Reynolds - The Che Guevara among gardeners. ( Memento from September 9, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Münstersche Zeitung . June 5, 2009.
  4. ↑ M. Andritzky, A. Spitzer (Ed.): Green in the city. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1981.
  5. ^ BR alpha Südwild: Guerilla Gardening: The grass roots movement. ( Memento from September 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) In: Bayern 3 . June 23, 2009.
  6. ↑ a b c Großstadt-Grün: The secret sperm donors: "Guerilla Gardeners" are secretly planting public properties and flower pots. But that's forbidden - which doesn't bother the planting activists. In Berlin, the "garden pirates" ensure more green. In: The world . January 26, 2008.
  7. ↑ Guide for the revolutionary battle of wisdom. Ratiocrats, May 8, 2004.
  8. ↑ a b Battle of the Concrete Desert - Guerrilla Gardener. ( Memento from October 26, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) In: FAZ Hochschulanzeiger . October 14, 2009.
  9. ↑ The garden guerrilla: “No plant is illegal!” ( Memento from May 28, 2007 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Tip . Vol. 34, April 21, 2005, No. 9/2005.
  10. ↑ Lisa Seelig: The city gardeners. In: For you . Issue 13, June 7, 2011, p. 63.
  11. ^ Sébastien Godon: Guerrilla Gardening. is also possible in cooperation with the green space authorities. 45th Veitshöchheimer Landespflegetage 2013. ( Memento from April 12, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  12. ↑ Guerrilla gardening. In: Leiden buiten de perken. (= Leiden lekker wild. Part 4). Gemeente Leiden 2009, ISBN 978-90-807961-4-0 .
  13. ↑ Locations for new bicycle hangers and raised beds in the Sedan district known - www.freiburg.de - City Hall and Service / Press / Press Releases. In: freiburg.de. City of Freiburg, August 10, 2020, accessed on August 11, 2020 .
  14. ^ WDR 3 television report. Video , July 20, 2011; see also WDR 3 WESTART television report , July 4, 2009. Wilm Weppelmann and Richard Reynolds; as well as article in the hiking magazine "Wandermagazin issue 163 March / April 2012, pp. 84–87" ( Memento of the original from May 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wandermagazin.de
  15. ↑ Ruhr Nachrichten ( Memento of the original from July 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , August 24, 2011; Short film by Roland Achini , November 7, 2009; as well as in Stefan Leppert "His Garden" Munich 2012, pp. 75–77 "Left-handed mallow attack" @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ruhrnachrichten.de
  16. ↑ Guerrilla Gardening: Eco-activist sets off seed bombs in Dortmund ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  17. ↑ Guerrilla gardeners The Botanical Brigades. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . May 26, 2010.
  18. ↑ These bombs are blooming. In: Journal Frankfurt. July 29, 2009.