Gustaf Carleman

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Gustaf Carleman , portrait by Carl Larsson , 1891

Carl Gustav Vilhelm Carleman , formerly Gustaf Carlsson (born September 5, 1821 in Malmö ; † August 15, 1911 in Saltsjö-Järla, Nacka near Stockholm ), was a Swedish graphic artist , lithographer and photographer as well as portrait , genre and landscape painter from Düsseldorf School . He is one of the pioneers of photo technology and was the first Swede to use photo reproduction in letterpress printing .

Life

Carleman, illegitimate son of the Swedish major Carl Gustaf Wrangel von Brehmer (1803-1872) and the chambermaid Anna Sofia Bobeck, studied law at Lund University from 1838 after graduating from high school in his native Malmö. As a law student he published lithographs in 1843 under the title Scener ur dagliga lifvet (scenes from everyday life) , and in 1845 with his fellow student, the writer Anders Johan Afzelius (1817–1865), who contributed the text, twelve lithographs in the book En mishandling students (a student's mishaps) . It was also during this period that he began to work with daguerreotype . After studying and doing legal clerkship at the Appellate Court of Schonen and Blekinge, he took on various administrative activities in the Swedish civil service between 1845 and 1885, which he repeatedly interrupted through artistic activities and study trips. At the same time he studied painting at the Stockholm Art Academy from 1845 to 1853 . In 1851 he produced photographs for his friend, the painter Marcus Larson , on a trip in the wake of the Swedish Prince Oskar , based on which Larson painted marine pictures. In 1853 Carleman went to Düsseldorf , where Larson was a private student of Andreas Achenbach . Carleman attended the Royal Prussian Art Academy under Theodor Hildebrandt , also a representative of the Düsseldorf School of Painting .

In Düsseldorf, Carleman learned how to make photographs using a collodion wet plate and a collodion dry plate . In 1854 he took over the photo studio of the Stockholm photographer Johan Wilhelm Bergström (1812–1881) until 1864. In Stockholm he was one of the first to use the ambrotype and pannotype, along with the photography pioneer J. Cohen . In 1856 he began to produce stereoscopic images . He experimented with several techniques in search of a route to color photography . However, he soon gave up these attempts and colored his black and white photos by hand. In 1856 he founded the Konstnärsklubben (artist club) with other artists , in which he held several management functions until 1892. In 1864 Carleman went on a study trip to Denmark, Germany and France with the painter Carl August Fahlgren (1819–1905). On October 15, 1865, he married Emeli Maria Sofia Carlström (1848–1926), the daughter of the musician Gustav Carlström. The marriage was divorced in 1888. In 1871 the Swedish newspaper Ny Illustrerad Tidning published for the first time photo reproductions on the basis of a method of photography and printing that had been developed by Carleman. It was the first mechanical system for producing halftone images and was brought into commercial use between 1871 and 1875. This system resolved an image into lines, the thicknesses of which varied according to the exposure time. Carleman was one of the founders of Svenska fotografi-amatörföreningen (Swedish Association of Photo Amateurs , later Fotografiska föreningen) in 1888, and from 1888 to 1889 he was the chairman of this society.

For his artistic achievement, Carleman was awarded the Litteris et Artibus medal, and he also received foreign awards, such as the Danska förtjänstmedaljen in gold from Frederick VII of Denmark . The Bey of Tunis appointed him knight of the order Nishan el Iftikhar .

Work (selection)

Desideria of Sweden and Norway on her deathbed , photo, 1860
  • Scener ur dagliga lifvet (scenes from daily life) , lithographs, 1843
  • En students missöden (one student's misfortunes) , twelve lithographs, 1845
  • Desideria of Sweden and Norway on her deathbed , photo, 1860
  • Summer idyll in the country , painting, 1865
  • Paris' ruiner, med tre fotografiska gravyrer efter Carlemans system (ruins of Paris, with photographic engravings according to Carlemans system) , photographic documentation in halftone images of destruction by the Paris Commune , Iwar Hæggströms boktryckeri, Stockholm 1871 ( digital copy )
  • Eldkvarn brinner October 31, 1878 (fire at the Stockholm flour mill Eldkvarn on October 31, 1878) , painting, 1878, Stockholm City Museum
  • Blanchs konstsalong (Blanchs Art Gallery) , painting, 1890s

literature

Web links

Commons : Gustaf Carleman  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bettina Baumgärtel , Sabine Schroyen, Lydia Immerheiser, Sabine Teichgröb: Directory of foreign artists. Nationality, residence and studies in Düsseldorf . In: Bettina Baumgärtel (Hrsg.): The Düsseldorf School of Painting and its international impact 1819–1918 . Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9 , Volume 1, p. 428
  2. ^ Fahlgren, Carl August . In: Andreas Beyer, Bénédicte Savoy, Wolf Tegethoff, Eberhard König (Hrsg.): General artist lexicon. The visual artists of all times and peoples . KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-598-22776-0 , Volume 36, p. 229
  3. ↑ Åke Abrahamsson: Adertonhundratalets press pictures - mellan konst och fotografi . In: Stadsvandringar , Stockholm City Museum, Stockholm 1993, p. 58, stockholmskallan.se (PDF)
  4. ↑ Pär Rittsel: Sweden . In: John Hannavy (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Photography . Routledge, New York City 2008, ISBN 978-0-415-97235-2 , p. 1367 ( Google Books )
  5. ^ John Walter: Marks of the Printer. Printing Techniques and Type Design as a Guide to Identification . Nevill Design, Brighton / England 2014, p. 36, archivingindustry.com (PDF)
  6. ↑ Carleman, Carl Gustaf Vilhelm (1821–1911) , biography in the digitaltmuseum.se portal , accessed on October 7, 2016
  7. ↑ Desideria, f. Desirée Clary, (1777–1860), drottning av Sverige och Norge, på dödsbädden , object data sheet in the portal collection.nationalmuseum.se , accessed on October 8, 2016
personal data
SURNAME Carleman, Gustaf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Carleman, Carl Gustav Vilhelm; Carlsson, Gustaf (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swedish graphic artist, lithographer, photographer and painter
DATE OF BIRTH September 5, 1821
PLACE OF BIRTH Malmo
DATE OF DEATH August 15, 1911
Place of death Saltsjö-Järla, Nacka near Stockholm