Gustav Weiner

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Gustav Weiner (born May 10, 1901 in Neuötting , † April 10, 1984 in Ebersberg ) was a German-Jewish composer , pianist , conductor and singing teacher with Bohemian roots.

Life

family

Gustav Weiner's parents were the textile goods dealer Ottokar Weiner from Neuötting and Rosa Weiner, née. Fleischner from Munich . He was the brother of the opera singer and actress Margarethe Valentine (Gretl) Weiner and of Gertrud Weiner. The mother and both sisters were deported from Munich to Auschwitz on March 13, 1943, and murdered there. Weiner was married to Gertrud (Trudl) Schultz. This marriage resulted in three children, of whom the only son, Peter Weiner (1937–2020), also became a composer and worked for many years as a percussionist with the Munich Radio Orchestra .

Gustav Weiner's signature on a sheet of music

education and profession

After attending elementary school in Neuötting, secondary school boarding school in Landshut and three years of secondary school in Munich, Weiner graduated from high school . The musical training began at the conservatory in Karlsruhe . He attended the master classes for composition , conducting and piano at the Academy of Music in Munich a. a. with Siegmund von Hausegger and Joseph Haas . In addition, he took private lessons from Hermann Wolfgang von Waltershausen .

After completing his studies, she worked for the Landestheater Altenburg , the Munich Volkstheater , the Jewish Cultural Association in Berlin and the Bavarian Broadcasting Corporation .

time of the nationalsocialism

From 1934 Weiner began to suffer from the reprisals of the National Socialists. In the following years he gradually lost all engagements and students. With a decree of November 29, 1938 Weiner was excluded from the Reichsmusikkammer and a professional ban was imposed. From November 10, 1938 to December 23 of the same year, he was interned in the Dachau concentration camp. The arrest happened in connection with the " Reichskristallnacht " on 9/10. November 1938 as part of the execution of the Action Jews order . Weiner's non-Jewish wife intervened personally with an acquaintance of the family in Berlin, who had previously lived and worked in Neuötting, Weiner's birthplace, for his successful release. Since he had to know the “Aktionjuden” order due to his position and his rank and thus knew of the imminent release, it is unlikely that he personally helped with the release. Nevertheless, Weiner confirmed his commitment to his release in several denazification letters.

Until March 1941 Weiner was unemployed. From the spring of 1941 he worked as a forced laborer in the Milbertshofen Jewish camp , then in the Lohhof flax roasting facility and from September 1941 at the Schwabing freight yard in a warehouse of the Süddeutsche Ölwerke. At the beginning of 1945 Weiner was supposed to be moved to another camp. His supervisor at the Süddeutsche Ölwerke, Ferdinand Lehner, saved Weiner's life by declaring him unfit for transport for health reasons. American troops occupy Munich on April 30, 1945 before the next planned evacuation. Weiner's wife and children survived the war from 1943 to the end of the war in a hiding place with a mountain farmer on Stadlberg near Miesbach .

post war period

Marked by his persecution and that of his family, but shaped by survival, his life after the war was characterized by reconciliation. He wrote numerous benevolent denazification letters not only for the alleged helper of his release from the concentration camp, but also for many, from professors to the baker around the corner, including some little-known people who fell under denazification.

Autograph by an American officer in the American zone of occupation for the protection of Weiner on the reverse of his certificate of exclusion from the Wehrmacht. Probably created on the Stadlberg near Miesbach one day before the end of World War II. The name "Israel" was added by the Nazi authorities in accordance with the name change regulation .

After the war , Weiner was one of the first at BR, which was then still called Radio Munich . He worked there as a freelance composer (The Small Suite for Oboe and Piano is one such work), pianist, accompanist and conductor . From September 1, 1946 Weiner also had a contract as Kapellmeister and répétiteur at the State Theater on Gärtnerplatz .

In February 1955 he was seriously injured in a traffic accident with his moped and was in a coma for weeks. After his recovery he tried to resume his activity as Kapellmeister at the Gärtnerplatztheater, but had to quit his full-time job there after a short time in 1957 due to the consequences of the accident for health reasons. From this time until his death in 1984 he concentrated mainly on composing.

Works as a composer (selection)

  • Landler (around 1920)
  • Music box (no year)
  • A Boarischer Landler ( undated )
  • Invention 1923 (no year)
  • Champagne Bet (Premiere 1927)
  • You are the most beautiful woman (around 1932)
  • Two hours of cabaret (around 1932)
  • A Honululu Woman ( ca.1932 )
  • Mrs. Debrecin (around 1932)
  • Wedding song (around 1933)
  • 1938 (1938)
  • Flax waltz (around 1943)
  • Children in the Magic Mountain (premiered in 1947)
  • Small suite for oboe and piano (1949)
  • Capricchio (undated)
  • Minimundus I (no year)
  • Minimundus II (no year)
  • Fugue (no year)
  • Farewell song (no year)

literature

Action Jews
  • Wolfgang Benz : Members of the prisoner society on time. "The Action Jews" 1938/39 . In: Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (Red.): Prisoner Society. Verlag Dachauer Hefte, Dachau 2005, ISBN 3-9808587-6-6 , pp. 179–196 (= Dachauer Hefte. 21).
Milbertshofen Jewish camp
  • Maximilian Strnad: Intermediate station “Judensiedlung”: persecution and deportation of Jewish residents of Munich 1941–1945 ( studies on Jewish history and culture in Bavaria ). de Gruyter, Oldenbourg 2011, ISBN 978-3-486-59136-1 .
Flax roast Lohhof
  • Maximilian Strnad: Flax for the Reich - The Jewish forced labor camp "Flachsröste Lohhof". Volk Verlag, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-86222-116-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Biographical Memorial Book of Munich Jews 1933-1945. In: Munich City Archives. City of Munich, accessed on February 16, 2020 (available by searching for “Margarethe (first name) Weiner (last name)” and searching for “Gertrud (first name) Weiner (last name)”).
  2. ↑ WEINER, Peter. In: composers lexicon. German Composers' Association , accessed on February 16, 2020 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Military Goverment of Germany: Questionnaire with information from Weiner on his professional career including internment and forced labor. Retrieved on May 10, 2020 (website generates automatic download).
  4. ^ Bundle of various facsimile documents about Weiner's work for the BR (1932-1949). Retrieved on May 14, 2020 (website generates automatic download).
  5. ↑ a b c Erika Weiner: Commemorative speech on the occasion of the ceremony in the Ratskeller Munich for the composer's 100th birthday. Erika Weiner (daughter of Gustav Weiner), May 10, 2001, accessed on February 16, 2020 (website generates automatic download).
  6. ↑ Gustav Weiner. In: Lexicon of persecuted musicians from the Nazi era . August 13, 2015, accessed February 16, 2020 .
  7. ↑ a b c d Source: Weiner's unpublished estate
  8. ↑ Klaus Bachhuber: Served and Murdered. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . September 15, 2017, accessed on February 16, 2020 (via Lohhof flax roasting company).
  9. ^ Gestapo directory on Jews from Munich; UNRRA cover letter (1946). In: Arolsen Archives . Document Number 11194705, accessed May 11, 2020 .
  10. ↑ s. a. City address books Munich 1928ff: Lehner, Ferdinand, Herzog Str. 82, oil and fat trade
  11. ^ [1] Audio file: Piano and vocals Gustav Weiner, recorded by himself in the 1970s
  12. ^ [2] Audio file: Piano and vocals Gustav Weiner, recorded by himself in the 1970s
  13. ^ [3] Audio file: Piano and vocals Gustav Weiner, recorded by himself in the 1970s
  14. ^ [4] Audio file: Piano and vocals Gustav Weiner, recorded by himself in the 1970s
  15. ^ [5] Staatstheater am Gärntnerplatz, performance archive 1865 –1872/73 p. 262 Text and staging by Ludwig Bender, music by Gustav Weiner
personal data
SURNAME Weiner, Gustav
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German composer, pianist, Kapellmeister and singing teacher
DATE OF BIRTH May 10, 1901
PLACE OF BIRTH Neuötting
DATE OF DEATH April 10, 1984
Place of death Ebersberg