Good Ascheberg
The Ascheberg estate is located on the west bank of the Großer Plöner See in the Plön district in eastern Schleswig-Holstein . The former aristocratic estate is still farmed to the present day. The French garden, only partially preserved, was one of the most important baroque gardens in the former Duchy of Holstein . The manor house , known as Ascheberg Castle , now serves as a leisure and recreation center for young people.
historical overview
Askeberg was first mentioned in the year 1190. Ascheberg was located in the Saxon-Wendish border area and a moated castle probably existed here in the Middle Ages . In the 13th century a fortified knight seat of the same name was first attested. The noble family von Ascheberg died out in 1535, and in the 15th century the property had already passed to the noble Rantzau family , under whom the later manor was founded. The Rantzaus remained on Ascheberg until 1799, interrupted only by a few inheritance that briefly brought the estate to the Pogwischs and the Sehestedts . Ascheberg was continuously cultivated during this time, the estate only gained greater importance in the 18th century.
Under Hans zu Rantzau , who was raised to the rank of imperial count, an extensive expansion of the estate began in 1720, which he wanted to develop into a baroque country residence based on the French model. He also carried out major agricultural reforms from 1739 onwards, which for the first time in the history of Schleswig and Holstein led to the liberation of the peasants on a large scale and finally to the abolition of serfdom ; a process that continued on the other noble estates of the duchies in some cases until the 19th century. Ascheberg experienced its heyday under Hans Rantzau and guests on the estate during this time included the Danish kings Friedrich V and Christian VII , as well as the former doctor and cabinet minister Johann Friedrich Struensee , who achieved fame and honor . Hans Rantzau was followed in 1769 by his son Schack Carl von Rantzau , who had numerous festivities held on the estate and who played an important role in the Struensee affair about the Danish Queen Caroline Mathilde . His dissolute lifestyle brought Schack Rantzau to the brink of ruin, so that he had to sell Ascheberg before his death in 1789. In 1774 the estate went to Christian Emil zu Rantzau († 1777), the father of Christian Detlev Karl zu Rantzau from the Rantzau branch of the family from Rastorf-Oppendorf, at the beginning of the 19th century the owners changed several times. The Schmettau, Hansen and Schleiden families were followed in 1825 by the knightly Ahlefeld family and, with the adoption of Konrad von Brockdorff-Ahlefeldt , the Brockdorff -Ahlefeld line , which Ascheberg has owned to this day.
Ascheberg is still used for agriculture. The former aristocratic estate was reduced from once around 2,900 hectares to a size of around 1,100 through parceling and leasing agreements. The site is privately owned, the farmyard with today's manor house is only accessible for annual farmers' markets. The former manor house is leased to a Christian youth organization as a holiday home .
building
The mansion
Over the centuries there have been several mansions with changing locations on Ascheberg. Hardly anything is known about the location and shape of the old moated castle; it was probably located roughly at the site of today's castle at the end of the linden tree avenue. Under Hans zu Rantzau, the estate was extensively redesigned in the first half of the 17th century. The location of the old moated castle was abandoned and instead a new farmyard and at right angles to it a new baroque mansion were planned at the entrance to the Ascheberg peninsula . Johann Gottfried Rosenberg may have been involved in the drafts for the redesign of the facility , but the extent to which they were ultimately implemented is unknown. The new manor was located at the beginning of the Lindenallee at the height of the entrance to today's farm yard. It was planned as a single-storey main building, which was extended on the courtyard side by two cavalier houses to form a three-wing complex and which was symmetrically opposed to a so-called crook house with horse stable and carriage shed. There is also no evidence for the manor house whether the building was completed in full. According to a report by the landlord Rudolf Schleiden, who lived on Ascheberg in the 19th century, it was already dilapidated at the time and was replaced by a new building at the other end of Lindenallee - in the immediate vicinity of today's castle. This mansion corresponded in its simplicity to the style of the late classicism and lasted only a few years.
Today's manor house is also known as Ascheberg Castle . It was built from 1869 to 1870 by Hermann Georg Krüger at the end of the baroque lime tree avenue in the style of historicism and cites influences from the Italian Renaissance . The nine-axis building in the forms of a great century villa has a basement and three residential floors, from the long sides appear two dreichachsige risalits forth. The sober building made of yellow adobe bricks is only accentuated by a high observation tower. Since the castle has served as a youth home for decades, no significant interior rooms have been preserved. Due to the current use of the building, the landowners live in the former caretaker's house at the end of the farmyard, which is sometimes referred to as the "new" mansion.
The estate and the baroque garden
Today the estate is characterized by two main axes, which go back to the extensions in the 18th century under Hans zu Rantzau. The actual main axis along the Lindenallee leads from the location of the former manor house of the 18th century in the direction of the Plöner See and today's castle, it is crossed by the axis of the farm yard with its stables and the administrator's house. Some of the buildings in the axially aligned farmyard date from the 18th century. The large barn was possibly built by Rudolph Matthias Dallin ; the year of construction 1725 is walled into the facade with different colored bricks.
The Ascheberg Baroque Garden was one of the most famous French gardens in Holstein, was considered an attraction at the time and was not inferior to the ducal gardens of Traventhal , Plön and Eutin . As a supporter of sensitivity , Hans Rantzau was inspired by the ideas of the Enlightenment, and new trends in garden art flowed into the designs for the green spaces. Rantzau made Jean-Jacques Rousseau an offer to live on Ascheberg, an invitation that the philosopher refused to accept .
The expansion of the 20 hectare garden was driven forward from 1720 to the middle of the 18th century. A large-format engraving from 1732 showed a central main axis - today's lime tree avenue - surrounded by Bosketten and Broderieparterre . It is uncertain whether the plan was implemented down to the last detail. It was open to visitors and reports told of a variety of exotic birds that were kept there. At the end of the 18th century, the geometrically designed complex fell into disrepair and was then redesigned into an English-style landscape park. In addition to some avenues, several moats and a two-arched granite bridge from 1759 have been preserved.
Literature and Sources
- Christian Cay Lorenz Hirschfeld : Theory of garden art. Volume 1. Leipzig 1779; therein description by Aschberg , pp. 75–81.
- Christian Elling: Nogle Herregardshaver from the 18th Aarhundrede i Danmark and Holsten. In: Danske Herregardshaver , København 1933, pp. 341–346.
- Handbook of German Art Monuments Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein . 2., verb. and exp. Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1994. ISBN 3-422-03033-6 .
- Ingo Bubert, Hanspeter Walter: manors, manors and castles in eastern Holstein . Sventana-Verlag, Schellhorn 1995, ISBN 3-927653-06-3 .
- Margita Marion Meyer: Ascheberg . In: Historical gardens in Schleswig-Holstein. 2nd Edition. Boyens, Heide 1998, ISBN 3-8042-0790-1 , pp. 158-165.
- Deert Lafrenz: manors and manors in Schleswig-Holstein . Published by the State Office for Monument Preservation Schleswig-Holstein, 2015, Michael Imhof Verlag Petersberg, 2nd edition, ISBN 978-3-86568-971-9 , p. 49
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Henning von Rumohr: Schlösser und Herrenhäuser in Ostholstein , page 107, 108. Verlag Weidlich, 1989
Coordinates: 54 ° 8 ′ 6.4 ″ N , 10 ° 20 ′ 25.6 ″ E