Rudolph Matthias Dallin
Rudolph Matthias Dallin (* around 1680 in Swedish-Western Pomerania ; † 1743 in Kiel ) was a Swedish-German builder of the Baroque era. He founded the tradition of the Eutin court builders, was also an important representative of Schleswig-Holstein manor architecture and a member of the Swedish army (captain of engineers).
Life
Training and first focus of activity
At the beginning of the Great Northern War (1700–1721), Dallin ended up in Gottorf Castle near Schleswig and there in the fortress town of Tönning / North Friesland. The ruler of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf and the first known employer of Dallin was Duke Friedrich IV, an ally of Sweden .
During the expansion of the fortress town of Tönning, Dallin worked and learned in a subordinate position under the master builder and Major General Zacharias Wolf . He became aware of Dallin's drawing talent and recommended him to others. In 1715, Dallin was appointed Capitain des Mineurs ( engineer-captain ) by the Swedish king and thus an officer in the Swedish army, which significantly increased his social position. (Officers were much more highly regarded than master builders, who did not yet have a special social status in the baroque era . This only changed in subsequent classicism.)
Court builder in Eutin and building inspector in Holstein
After this appointment as an officer in the Swedish Army, Dallin went back to his home on the Baltic coast. There in Stralsund he was captured in 1715 in the course of the still ongoing Great Northern War. Due to his good relations both in Sweden and in northern Germany, especially with the von Holstein-Gottorf family from his time in Tönningen, his imprisonment was only brief and he took up the newly created post of Eutin court architect in 1716. Dallins's employer was the Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, Christian August von Holstein-Gottorf , whose residence was in Eutin. In the following years, Dallin was to succeed in establishing a tradition of Eutin court builders. In this position he was succeeded by Johann Christian Löwen , called Lewon, Georg Greggenhofer and P. Richter.
In 1727 he was officially appointed building inspector in the Gottorfer part of Holstein , a position he had in fact held since 1721. In this function, he is now also in charge of the renovation of Kiel Castle from August 1, 1727 .
Dallin's last work was the manor house in Johannstorf in Mecklenburg, built in 1743 , which he built for the von Buchwaldt family on the site of a former moated castle . In the same year he died in Kiel at the age of 63.
family
Due to his work at the Eutiner Hof, he was able to marry Dorothea Röhling, a daughter of the Prince-Bishop's Chamber Secretary Röhling, on December 11, 1720. From the marriage with Dorothea there were four children until 1727.
plant
Castles
His first project as the Eutin court architect was the reconstruction of the Eutin Palace , which was damaged in a fire in 1689, and which lasted from 1716 to 1727 . He was in charge of the work and designed the conversion of the castle, which was still medieval in essence, into a representative baroque four-wing complex. He also had his share in the planning of the landscape garden, but the main part of the work lay with the landscape architect Lewon, with whom Dallin also built other parks and gardens, such as that of the Kiel Palace. Thanks to his good contacts, there is also a temporary activity in Quedlinburg , where Dallin is involved in the renovation of the monastery palace. From August 1, 1727, he led the renovation of the Kiel Castle, of which only the so-called Rantzau building has been preserved.
Manor buildings
Decisive for its great importance for the Baroque in Schleswig-Holstein were, in addition to the renovations of the two large castles in the region, above all the manor complexes and mansions he planned. In his manor complexes, Dallin combined the formal elements of the rural homeland with the ideas of the Baroque and thus created facades with splendidly curved outlines (especially tail gables and corner edging). Its development led it over elaborate gables ( Gut Rastorf ) to much stricter lines at Gut Rixdorf (easy to see at the entrance to the gatehouse). The triclinium of the manors that he shaped remained formative for Schleswig-Holstein until the end of the 18th century.
Dallin managed his first manor construction from 1723 to 1729 when the Rastorf estate was rebuilt. The client was Count Christian Emil zu Rantzau. The estate was destroyed in a fire in 1720. Here in the Schwentinetal, Dallin created a complete, symmetrically grouped, uniform manor complex with an associated formal pleasure garden. This system was one of the first manor systems of this type in Schleswig-Holstein. In the following, Dallin himself strived for a sober style. The manor house of the estate that is preserved today is not the one built by Dallin, but that of CF Hansen, which he built from 1803 to 1806 after another fire.
In 1730, Dallin drafted a plan for a baroque redesign of the Waterneverstorf estate , but this was not fully implemented.
Here, from 1726 to 1737, Dallin created a uniform courtyard complex for Heinrich von Baudissin at Gut Rixdorf in Lebrade , located in a lowland of the Kossau, which has been preserved almost unchanged except for the burned down manor house. The estate consists of elongated brick buildings with high, thatched roofs with crooked hips . The gable fronts are only sparsely decorated with diamond and sawtooth patterns made from glaze stones. The complex thus takes the reference made by Dallin to the simple farming tradition of the region.
Mansions
Dallin created his most important manor house and at the same time the main work of the late baroque in Schleswig-Holstein between 1726 and 1728 in Harmsdorf in the Ostholstein district with the manor house of the Güldenstein estate . The builder was Heinrich von Thienen . The style features used by Dallin became typical of manor house construction in Schleswig-Holstein.
The manor house of the Güldenstein estate is a red brick building with a small forecourt, two-storey above a high basement and a hipped roof. The outer facade is structured by two short side wings and a central projection with a triangular gable indicated with three wings in the front. The central entrance is emphasized by a high flight of stairs. The only decorations are rustic edges made of white brick. The back and gable sides are clearly subordinate. The interior is also clearly structured, so the mansion is symmetrically structured and has suites of rooms and a vestibule with an attached staircase in the central entrance area . The garden hall was often attached here in the Baroque period.
Dallin is also believed to be the architect of the manor house at Gut Pronstorf . His last work was the manor house in Johannstorf (Mecklenburg), built in 1743, which he built for the von Buchwaldt family on the site of a former moated castle.
Selection of further projects by Dallin between 1725 and 1743
- 1707 - Gottorf Castle (Schleswig-Flensburg district): General plan of the residence
- 1725 - Ascheberg (Plön district): barn of the property (not secured)
- 1726 - Kniphagen (Ostholstein district): cow house and barn
- 1726–1728 - Preetz (Plön district): Reconstruction of the Protestant town church
- around 1730 - Gremersdorf (Ostholstein district): Gatehouse of the Seegalenhof estate
- 2nd quarter of the 18th century - Belau (Plön district): Gatehouse of the Perdöl estate
- 1743 - Lammershagen (Plön district): gatehouse of the estate
literature
- Peter Hirschfeld: “Mansions and castles in Schleswig-Holstein” , 1964, 3rd verb. Edition, Dt. Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin
- Georg Dehio, arr. by Johannes Habich: “Handbook of German Art Monuments - Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein” , 1994, 2nd verb. and exp. Edition, Dt. Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin
- Adrian von Buttlar and Margita Marion Meyer: “Historical Gardens in Schleswig-Holstein” , 1996, Boyens Verlag, Heide
- Deert Lafrenz: "Manors and manors in Schleswig-Holstein", 2015, 2nd corr. Edition, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg
Individual evidence
- ^ Carl-Heinrich Seebach: The Kiel Castle . Neumünster: Wachholtz Verlag, 1965, p. 341
- ↑ Johannstorf
- ↑ Jörg Deuter: ›The rest in the north‹, the Carolinian emigration and the genesis of classicism. Architecture and the fine arts in their interrelationships between Scandinavia and Germany, in: Carsten cell: German-Danish cultural transfer in the 18th century ( The eighteenth century 25) Neumünster 2001, pp. 248–257; P. 253.
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Dallin, Rudolph Matthias |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Swedish-German builder of the baroque |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1680 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Swedish Western Pomerania |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1743 |
| Place of death | Kiel |