Radio and television in Yugoslavia

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The article Radio and Television of Yugoslavia deals with the radio history of Yugoslavia .

history

Radio Zagreb was the first radio station in Yugoslavia to start broadcasting on May 15, 1926. Initially operated in the private sector, it was nationalized in 1940. On the 30th anniversary of the establishment (May 15, 1956), the first Yugoslav television program began to be broadcast.

Radio Ljubljana started on October 28, 1928 with a radio program, and since November 28, 1958, a television program has also been broadcast. The television news programs were initially taken over from Belgrade , and from April 15, 1968, a separate Slovene-language news program was broadcast. In 1971, TV Koper / Capodistria went on air as the regional program of RTV Ljubljana, broadcasting bilingual Slovenian and Italian and also enjoying great popularity in Italy. Italian companies set up broadcasting systems that took over the program from Koper and made it receivable in regions remote from Koper.

Radio Belgrade began broadcasting on March 24, 1929 , after individual test broadcasts had been broadcast since 1924. After an interruption due to the Second World War, broadcasting was resumed in 1944. A television program was added on August 23, 1958. On December 31, 1971, a second television program was added, which was broadcast in color for the first time in Yugoslavia from the start. A third television program with programs for children started on July 1, 1989.

On March 8, 1936, Yugoslavia began broadcasting on shortwave. During the Second World War, the program "Slobodna Jugoslavija" (Free Yugoslavia) broadcast from Ufa (Soviet Union). After 1945 Radio Belgrade operated a shortwave program, since February 2, 1978 Radio Jugoslavija broadcast on shortwave.

Radio Dubrovnik became the first municipal radio station in 1944.

Radio Pristina began broadcasting in 1944, and RTV Pristina's television program began in 1975.

Radio Skopje started its program on December 28, 1944 with the live broadcast of a meeting of the Anti-Fascist Council for the Liberation of Macedonia . A television program was added on December 14, 1964.

Radio Sarajevo started its program on April 10, 1945, and a television program was added in 1969.

Radio Titograd went into operation in 1949, and a television program followed in 1971.

Radio Novi Sad started in 1949; there was a television program from 1975.

On May 15, 1989, the private radio broadcaster B92 went into operation in Belgrade , which was one of the few non-governmental media in the Milošević era .

Since October 23, 1990, there has been the television program YUTEL in Sarajevo , which broadcast a one-hour news program as a counterbalance to the now nationalist channels of the individual republics.

Only after the dissolution of Yugoslavia did the television station RTV Pink go into operation in 1994 ; It is based in Belgrade , but also operates programs for Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina , and has individual programs for Croatia , thus covering large parts of the former Yugoslavia. The music channel MTV Adria, founded in Ljubljana in 2005, and the news channel Al Jazeera Balkans, founded in 2011 and based in Sarajevo, are also designed as television channels for the entire area of ​​the former Yugoslavia.

organization

In Yugoslavia there were eight broadcasting organizations (one for each republic and one for each province) that had merged in 1952 to form the Jugoslovenska / Jugoslavenska Radiotelevizija (JRT). In the mid-1980s, there were the number of programs shown in the table.

JRT broadcasting organizations with information on the number of radio and television programs
Broadcasting organization Radio watch TV languages
Radiotelevizija Beograd (RTB) 4th 2 Serbo-Croatian, Hungarian, Albanian
Radiotelevizija Ljubljana (RTLJ) 4th 3 Slovenian, Italian
Radiotelevizija Novi Sad (RTNS) 4th 2 Serbo-Croatian, Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Ruthenian
Radiotelevizija Pristina (RTP) 2 2 Albanian, Serbo-Croatian, Turkish
Radiotelevizija Sarajevo (RTVSa) 4th 2 Serbo-Croatian
Radiotelevizija Skopje (RTSk) 2 2 Macedonian, Albanian, Turkish
Radiotelevizija Titograd (RTT) 1 2 Serbo-Croatian, Albanian
Radiotelevizija Zagreb (RTZ) 4th 3 Serbo-Croatian

There were also some communal radio programs, these usually broadcast a regional program 2 to 3 hours a day, the rest of the time a radio program from the station of the republic or province. Conversely, information broadcasts from communal radio programs were also taken over by the republic and provincial programs.

The shortwave program "Radio Jugoslavija" brought programs in ten foreign languages ​​(including German) as well as programs for Yugoslavs living abroad.

reception

Long wave transmitters were not operated in Yugoslavia.

After the Geneva Wave Plan came into force in 1978, Yugoslavia used the following frequencies for medium wave broadcasting (in addition to numerous short-range transmitters):

Strong medium wave transmitter in Yugoslavia
Frequency kHz program Transmission power kW
612 Sarajevo 600
684 Belgrade 2000
810 Skopje 1000
882 Titograd 300
918 Ljubljana 600
1134 Zagreb 1200
1269 Novi Sad 600
1413 Pristina 1000

With the exception of the program from Titograd, which was covered by a program from the GDR broadcast on the same frequency, the other programs in southern Germany and Austria could be received at night, Belgrade and Zagreb could also have been received as far as northern Germany. After the break-up of Yugoslavia, the above-mentioned medium-wave transmitters were taken over by the respective legal successors of the Yugoslav Radio, but only Ljubljana (918 kHz) and Skopje (810 kHz) are still in operation today.

VHF transmitters were mainly used for domestic reception .

Radio Jugoslavija mainly used the shortwave frequencies 6100, 7240 and 9620 kHz.

The Yugoslav television programs were broadcast in PAL format over UHF and VHF frequencies.

Television broadcasts

The main news program was TV Dnevnik and was broadcast daily at 8 p.m. from 23 August 1958 (when RTV Beograd started broadcasting), and from 1974 at 7:30 p.m.

A popular television series was Profesor Baltazar (animated series 1967-1971), which was produced for Yugoslav television and was also shown on foreign television channels (including Scandinavian countries and Iran). Further successes were the real series for children Die Rote Zora und seine Gang and Sinji Galeb (The Blue Seagull), which were also broadcast several times in Germany. The series Špiro Špula zlatna nit and Jelenko (TV Zagreb), Branko Kockica and Kolariću Paniću (TV Beograd) and Muzički tobogan (TV Novi Sad) enjoyed great popularity among children .

TV Zagreb had a hit in its program for years with the advice program Kviskoteka , hosted by Oliver Mlakar (* 1935). TV Zagreb celebrated successes on television series with Naše malo misto (1969), Kapetan Mikula Mali , Kapelski kresovi (1974) and Velo misto (1979–1980). TV Zagreb also had the show Jadranski susreti (1970–1980) (comparable to Games without Frontiers ).

TV Beograd broadcast the popular series Folkparada , which was hosted by Zlata Petković (* 1954), Predrag Gojković "Cune" (* 1932) and Predrag Živković - "Tozovac" (* 1936). The quiz programs by Mica Orlović (* 1934) were just as popular . Well-known series from TV Beograd were about Pozorište u kući (1972–1981), Bolji život (A Better Life, 1987–1990), Žikina Dinastija (1985), Vruć vetar , Grlom u jagode , Kamiondžije . The animal documentaries from the Svet koji nestaje (A World That Disappears) series by Petar Lalović (* 1932) were popular.

From 1984 TV Sarajevo broadcast the popular comedy show Top lista nadrealista (Surrealists' hit parade), on which members of the band Zabranjeno pušenje participated.

Yugoslav television participated in international television formats, e.g. B.

  • ( Eurovision Song Contest ) Pesma Evrovizije or Pjesma Eurovizije , Slovenian name: Pesem Evrovizije , from 1961; the Yugoslav contribution was determined in a preliminary round which was transferred annually from another Yugoslav republic under the name of Yugovizija . Yugoslavia was the only socialist country that participated in the ESC.
  • Sanremo Festival
  • Igre bez granica ( Games without Frontiers ), 1978–1982, 1990

use

A license fee was levied from the approximately 4.5 million radio and 4.0 million television users registered, which (1984) accounted for 88% of the income of the JRT broadcasters, the remaining income was mainly generated through advertising.

As in many other southern European countries, it was common in Yugoslavia for the television set to run for many hours a day as background sound, even when nobody is looking.

literature

  • I. Hendrichs, press, radio, film , in: Südosteuropa-Handbuch, Vol. 1, Yugoslavia , ed. v. K.-D. Grothusen, 1975, ISBN 3-525-36200-5 , pp. 439-457
  • R. Mihailović, Z. Sinobad, Das Rundfunksystem Yugoslaviens , in: Internationales Handbuch für Rundfunk und Fernsehen , ed. Hans-Bredow-Institut , born 1986/1987, pp. E70-E74
  • C. Both, Große Sender-Tisch , 8th ed. 1989, ISBN 3-7723-6178-1
  • Article Jugoslavija , sections Radio and Televizija , in: Enciklopedija Jugoslavije , 2nd ed., Volume 6, pp. 576-582

See also

Legal successor to the JRT broadcasting organizations:

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. cf. Article Slovenci , section Radio i televizija , in: Enciklopedija Jugoslavije , 1st edition, Volume 7, pp. 295ff
  2. Al-Jazeera Balkan goes on air for the first time on Friday. In: DiePresse.com. November 8, 2011, accessed January 17, 2018 .
  3. Both, Large Sender Table (see above) pp. 21f; International Handbook for Radio and Television (see above) S. H100f; As of 1953 cf. Eastern Europe Handbook, Vol. I: Yugoslavia, ed. v. W. Markert, p. 352
  4. Both, Large Sender Table (see above), pp. 104ff
  5. Both, Large Sender Table (see above), pp. 149f