Medium wave broadcasting
The term medium wave broadcasting refers to broadcasting in the medium wave band (often referred to as AM or MW on the receiving devices ). This corresponds to the frequency range between 526.5 kHz and 1606.5 kHz. The transmitters use this range in a 9 kHz grid. On the American continent, the medium wave band covers the frequency range from 530 to 1720 kHz. The frequencies are used in a 10 kHz grid.
Broadcasting on medium wave now serves mainly the terrestrial broadcasting of radio programs via the broadcast field of FM transmitters out. In addition, like shortwave radio , it is used to broadcast foreign language programs to listeners in other countries. Occasionally, medium-wave broadcasting is also used to broadcast news programs or other word-heavy programs, because here the loss of sound quality compared to VHF is easier to cope with; this in view of the limited frequencies in the VHF range.
history
In the early years of broadcasting in the 1920s, medium wave was the medium generally used. It was only with the development of more powerful transmission systems that other wave ranges could also be used sensibly, initially shortwave , after 1950 ultra- shortwave with frequency modulation (FM), which is less susceptible to interference, became established . At that time, the transmitters were usually specified with the wavelength in meters (and often the frequency in kilohertz ). The sole specification of the frequency only prevailed later.
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Due to the Cold War, medium wave transmitters grew rapidly in number and performance in the 1970s, so that the band was overcrowded in the evening. As a result of the shutdown of many, even powerful, medium wave transmitters in Europe from the year 2000, fewer transmitters with good signals can now be received. On the other hand, fewer transmitters interfere with each other, so that smaller stations cover the whole of Europe on a free frequency in the dark, provided the receiver is in an interference-free environment.
Today, medium-wave broadcasting can also be freely received on the Internet via freely accessible SDR receivers with a suitable computer, such as the WebSDR.
On December 31, 2015, with the shutdown of the medium wave transmitters from Deutschlandradio, the last German-speaking stations broadcasting from Germany in this frequency range were shut down.
Propagation conditions
While signals can only be heard about 100–200 km away during the day, the range increases to up to 2000 km with a strong signal when it gets dark. For radio stations that rely on transparency, this becomes a problem. Because of the small number of available transmission channels for broadcasting in the medium wave range (121 channels), each frequency in this range is occupied by several transmitters. The theoretical advantage of covering large areas with a single transmitter can therefore only be used to a limited extent. Stations interfere with each other. Phase shifts between the AM carrier signals and different propagation paths lead to distortions in the audio signal ( interference ).
The Geneva Wave Plan lays down rules to reduce mutual interference somewhat. Some efficient stations have to reduce their transmission power and / or work with a directional antenna (see long-wave broadcasting ). Some stations have to shut down completely during the night. Nevertheless, despite the shutdowns, there are usually around 5 to 20 channels active in Europe on each individual channel. With a direction-sensitive receiving antenna such as a ferrite or loop antenna , you can remedy this by rotating the antenna , provided that both transmitters are not emitting from the same direction. A single frequency network in which a program occupies the same frequency from several locations creates greater efficiency . Here too, however, overlays and distortions can occur, in which the audio quality is reduced where several locations are received approximately equally.
The transmission frequencies of the transmitters in Europe are usually on frequencies divisible by 9 kHz without any remainder. In areas with a 10 kHz frequency grid (North and South America), the values for the transmission frequency, which can be divided by 10, are used analogously. There are and were also some radio transmitters in the medium wave range that were operated outside the official medium wave range. The Bayerische Rundfunk used until 1999 for its low-power stations in Hof and Würzburg, the frequency located outside the medium wave broadcasting range 520 kHz.
The medium wave frequencies 1485 kHz, 1584 kHz and 1602 kHz are reserved according to the Geneva Wave Plan as so-called community waves for the operation of local low-power transmitters.
Pirate stations , mainly from the Netherlands and Greece, use the range from 1600 to 1700 kHz for irregular broadcasts with outputs between a few watts and 10 kW.
Sound quality
In principle, a large audio spectrum can also be transmitted on medium wave (e.g. as on FM up to 15 kHz). In order to create more channels, the audio quality was limited to 4.5 kHz. This is only slightly better than phone quality. In the USA, Japan and southern Europe, stations often modulate at 10 kHz, so that weaker neighboring channels are superimposed. This results in an acceptable sound. With AM, however, it depends on the filters in the receiver whether this audio spectrum is also played back.
Amplitude modulation (AM) is also significantly more susceptible to interference from ignition sparks, thunderstorms or electronic devices than frequency modulation (FM).
Digitization of medium wave and stereo transmission
In the meantime, attempts are being made to counteract the poor sound quality and the low popularity in Europe with digital medium wave (Digital Radio Mondiale, DRM), which is still in the field experiment. In some countries, stereo broadcasts in the medium wave range are also transmitted using the AM stereo method.
While attempts at digitization in Europe have not achieved any notable success, in North America the HD radio process is standard for many broadcasters. This signal is broadcast in hybrid analog and digital form and enables parallel value-added services and text transmissions also on medium wave.
AM stereo is not used in Germany . It was introduced in the USA , South Africa and Australia in the 1980s and is still partly widespread. In the USA in particular, the number of AM stereo stations is falling due to the possibilities of parallel digital transmission. In Europe , the method is only used by the night-time receivable in Germany stations of Radio France on 864 kHz in Villebon-sur-Yvette and the Italian Radio Studio X on 1584 kHz.
Perspectives
In Germany, the commission to determine the financial needs of the broadcasting corporations (KEF) has called for medium-wave transmitters to be switched off for cost reasons. The KEF argues with the lack of acceptance. The money saved is to flow into the expansion of digital audio broadcasting technology as a supplement and subsequent successor to VHF. The last stations were switched off at the end of 2015.
According to an earlier decision by the European Commission, analogue broadcasting was originally to be switched off by the beginning of 2012. For the MW successor standard DRM , in addition to receiving solutions using a PC, only very few portable receivers are available today, which are unwieldy and have a comparatively high power consumption. Several test operations for DRM have been discontinued. After the dismantling of MW transmission masts in Germany, a revival of the waveband is questionable.
Globally, medium wave broadcasting plays a larger, albeit decreasing, role in less developed countries (Latin America and Asia). In many countries the VHF radio network is poorly developed there and medium wave offers the advantage of large-scale transmission and easy reception for the listener.
In the USA and Canada there are still more than 6000 transmission systems for medium wave in operation, mainly with programs in talk and news formats as well as religious stations. There are also programs for immigrants from Latin America or Asia, who make up a large proportion of the population in some regions. In addition, a network of inefficient stations broadcasts information about tourism and traffic in continuous loops.
Selected medium wave transmitters in amplitude modulation
List of transmitters that can largely be received in Germany:
| Frequency in kHz |
Location | Power in kW |
Transmitting antenna | program | annotation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 531 | Akraberg ( Faroe Islands ) | 100/25 | Guyed steel truss mast with triangular cross-section, height: 147 m | Útvarp Føroya | |
| 531 | Aïn Beïda (Algeria) | 600 | Jil FM | at night at half power | |
| 540 | Solt (Hungary) | 2000 | Guyed steel framework mast, height 298 m, isolated from the ground | MR 1-Kossuth Rádió | in operation from 4:25 a.m. / 4:55 a.m. to 9:05 p.m. |
| 576 | Vidin (Bulgaria) | 400 | guyed steel truss mast isolated from earth with additional trap antenna (ARRT type); Height: 257 meters | Radio horizon | |
| 585 | Las Rozas de Madrid (Spain) | 300 | Guyed steel lattice mast, height 264 m | Radio Nacional | |
| 630 | Tunis-Djedeida (Tunisia) | 600 | Guyed steel truss mast, height: 148 m | RTT Radio National | |
| 639 | Liblice (Czech Republic) | 750 | Fish trap antennas on two grounded, guyed steel framework masts, height: 355 m | ČRo 2 Praha | |
| 657 | Coltano (Italy) | 50 | guyed steel truss mast | Rai Radio 1 (TO) | |
| 693 | Droitwich | 150 | Guyed steel truss mast isolated from earth | BBC Radio 5 Live | |
| 693 | Burghead | 25th | self-radiating steel truss mast insulated from earth | BBC Radio 5 Live | |
| 711 | Rennes (France) | 300 | Guyed steel framework mast, height 220 m, isolated from the ground | France Info | |
| 738 | Palau-solità i Plegamans near Barcelona (Spain) | 300 | Self-radiating, guyed steel framework mast, height 217 m | Radio Nacional | |
| 810 | Ovče Pole (Macedonia) | 1200 | free-standing steel lattice tower | Radio Skopje 1 | |
| 810 | Westerglen (Great Britain) | 100 | Guyed steel truss mast isolated from earth | BBC Radio Scotland | |
| 810 | Burghead (UK) | 100 | self-radiating transmission mast isolated from earth | BBC Radio Scotland | |
| 855 | Tâncăbeşti (Romania) | 400 | Radio România Actualităţi | ||
| 900 | Siziano near Milan (Italy) | 50 | guyed steel lattice masts, insulated from earth, double feedable; Height: 145 and 148 meters | Rai Radio 1 (LO) | known as Stazione Milano I (also normal frequency transmitter and AMDS transmitter) |
| 909 | Cluj (Romania) | 200 | Radio România Actualităţi | ||
| 909 | Moorside Edge (UK) | 200 | Guyed steel framework mast, height: 158 m | BBC Radio 5 Live | |
| 909 | Brookmans Park (UK) | 150 | T-antenna suspended from two 61 m high steel lattice towers insulated from earth; Guyed steel framework mast, height: 152.4 m | BBC Radio 5 Live | |
| 909 | Dillberg | 0.1 | two grounded tubular steel masts; Height: 231 m and 195 m | bit eXpress | Digital mode DRM |
| 918 | Domžale (Slovenia) | 100 (day) / 300 (night) | Guyed tubular steel mast, insulated from the ground, height 161 m | Radio Slovenija 1 | RTV Slovenija ended its broadcasts on medium wave 918 kHz on September 4, 2017 at 12:05 p.m. |
| 936 | Campalto [Venice] | 5 | Steel lattice tower | Rai Radio 1 (VE) | |
| 954 | Dobrochov (Czech Republic) | 200 | Free-standing steel lattice tower, height 152 m | ČRo 2 Praha | |
| 999 | Torino (Italy) | 50 | Rai Radio 1 (PT) | ||
| 1008 | Flevoland (Netherlands) | 200 | Cage antenna on a grounded, guyed steel framework mast, height 195 m, double feed, see also medium wave transmitter Flevoland | GrootNieuwsradio | switched off in January 2019, transmitter masts blown up |
| 1053 | Droitwich (UK) | 500 | Steel truss mast with a triangular cross-section, insulated from earth | TalkSPORT | |
| 1062 | Cagliari (Sardinia) | 20th | Steel framework mast | Rai Radio 1 (SAR) | |
| 1089 | Moorside Edge (UK) | 400 | Guyed steel framework mast, height: 158 m | Talk sports | |
| 1089 | Brookmans Park (UK) | 400 | T-antenna suspended from two 61 m high steel lattice towers insulated from earth; Guyed steel framework mast, height: 152.4 m | Talk sports | |
| 1089 | Washford (UK) | 80 | Talk sports | ||
| 1107 | Monte Ciocci ( Rome ) (Italy) | 2 | Guyed tubular steel mast, insulated from earth, double feedable | Rai Radio 1 (LA) | temporarily broadcasts the regional program Rai Lazio |
| 1170 | Beli Križ (Slovenia) | 15th | guyed steel framework mast; Height: 123.6 meters | Radio Capodistria | |
| 1188 | Marcali (Hungary) | 300 | Guyed steel truss mast, height: 126 m | MR4-Nemzetiségi Adások | in operation from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. |
| 1188 | Szolnok (Hungary) | 100 | Guyed steel truss mast with triangular cross-section, height: 119 m | MR4-Nemzetiségi Adások | in operation from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. |
| 1215 | Droitwich (UK) | 105 | two self-radiating steel truss masts | Absolute radio | |
| 1215 | Brookmans Park (UK) | 125 | self-radiating steel truss mast, insulated from earth, height: 152.4 m; two free-standing steel lattice towers with suspended T-antenna, height: 60.9 m | Absolute radio | |
| 1215 | Moorside Edge (UK) | 200 | Absolute radio | ||
| 1215 | Westerglen (Great Britain) | 100 | guyed steel truss mast isolated from earth | Absolute radio | |
| 1215 | Washford (UK) | 100 | Absolute radio | ||
| 1233 | Libeznice (Czech Republic) | 10 | Steel framework mast, height: 36 meters | Radio Dechovka | |
| 1332 | Moravské Budějovice (Czech Republic) | 50 | guyed steel truss mast | ČRo 2 Praha | |
| 1341 | Lisnagarvey (Northern Ireland) | 100 | Blaw Knox transmission tower | BBC Radio Ulster | |
| 1350 | Gawar (Armenia) | 850 | Mission broadcaster Trans World Radio | ||
| 1395 | Fllake (Albania) | 500 | Trans World Radio | Frequency successor from Radio Tirana | |
| 1458 | Brookmans Park (UK) | 125 | self-radiating steel truss mast, insulated from earth, height: 152.4 m; two free-standing steel lattice towers with suspended T-antenna, height: 60.9 m | Sunrise radio | |
| 1467 | Le Col de la Madone (France) | 40 | guyed steel truss masts; Height: 101 m | Radio Maria | |
| 1467 | Roumoules (France) | 1000 | Switchable directional antenna made of nine braced steel truss masts isolated from earth, height 100 m | Trans World Radio | |
| 1602 | Pietersbierum (Netherlands) | 0.5 | Radio Seagull / |
Historical medium wave transmitters
List of switched off transmitters, some of which had a history rich in tradition and international recognition:
| Frequency in kHz |
Location | Power in kW |
Transmitting antenna | program | annotation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 531 | Beromünster (Switzerland) | 180 | free-standing steel lattice tower, height 217 m, insulated from the ground, self-radiating ( Blosenberg tower ) | DRS music wave | shut down since January 1, 2009, reserve tower demolished |
| 531 | Castle | 2 | Triangular plane antenna | Truck radio | switched off since September 2008 |
| 540 | Wavre (Belgium) | 150 | Guyed steel truss mast, insulated from earth, height: 250 meters, also used for 621 kHz | VRT radio 2 | switched off since March 30, 2008 |
| 549 | North churches | 100 | two guyed steel truss masts, height 99.5 m, isolated from the ground | Deutschlandfunk | shut down on December 31, 2015, demolished |
| 549 | Thurnau | 100 | Guyed steel framework mast, height 240 m, isolated from the ground | Deutschlandfunk | shut down on December 31, 2015, demolished |
| 558 | Monte Ceneri (Switzerland) | 200 | Guyed steel framework mast, height 220 m, isolated from the ground | Voice of Russia | was shut down on December 31, 2012 |
| 567 | Tullamore (Ireland) | 500 | Guyed steel framework mast, height 290 m, isolated from the ground | RTÉ Radio 1 | switched off since April 24, 2008 |
| 567 | Caltanissetta (Italy) | 20th | Guyed steel framework mast, height: 282 m | Rai Radio 1 | switched off since the end of September 2012 |
| 576 | Mühlacker | 100 | Guyed tubular steel mast, height 273 m, insulated from earth, double feed, reserve antenna: tubular steel mast insulated from earth, height 130 m, also reflector mast (steel framework mast 80 m high, insulated from earth) | SWR cont.ra | Shut down on January 8, 2012 for cost reasons, reserve mast blown up |
| 585 | Vienna | 60 | Guyed steel truss mast, insulated from earth, 120 m high, guyed steel truss mast, insulated from earth, 265 m high | formerly Ö1 / Ö2 Vienna | switched off on?, transmitter masts blown up on February 24, 2010 |
| 594 | High Meissner | 90 | Cage antenna on 155 meter high grounded steel truss mast, reserve antenna: 95 meter high tubular steel mast insulated from earth | hr-info and special programs | Since January 1, 2010 shut down for cost reasons, medium wave antenna torn down |
| 594 | Weiskirchen | 250 | two steel truss masts isolated from earth, height 126.5 m, directional radiation | hr-info and special programs | Since January 1, 2010 shut down for cost reasons, transmitter masts blown up on April 11, 2012 |
| 603 | Zehlendorf | 20th | Cage antenna on a 129 meter high grounded, guyed steel framework mast | Radio B2 | switched off since January 2011 |
| 603 | Tramoyes near Lyon (France) | 300 | Guyed, self-radiating steel framework mast, height 220 m | France Info | shut down on December 31, 2015 |
| 612 | Kronshagen near Kiel | 10 | guyed, earthed steel framework mast, height 104 meters (dismantled in 2012) | Power 612 | Pop music station, active from May 1998 to January 2004. |
| 621 | Wavre (Belgium) | 300 | Guyed steel truss mast, insulated from earth, height: 250 meters | RTBF international | |
| 630 | Braunschweig / Cremlingen | 100 (day) / 18 (night) | Guyed steel truss mast isolated from earth, height: 137 m | Voice of Russia | was shut down on December 31, 2012 |
| 648 | Orford Ness (Great Britain) | 500 | Directional spotlights to Central Europe, consisting of five 106.7 meter high steel lattice towers isolated from the ground | BBC World Service | BBC switched off since March 27, 2011, active again with low power since 2017 |
| 657 | Naples - Marcianise (Italy) | 50 | Self-radiating guyed steel framework mast, insulated from the ground, double feedable, height 205 m | Rai Radio 1 | switched off since September 17, 2012 |
| 657 | Montiggl (Italy) | 25th | Steel framework mast | Rai Radio 1 | shut down since December 2012, dismantled |
| 666 | Lake Constance transmitter Rohrdorf | 150 | Guyed steel truss mast, insulated from earth, height 240 m (daytime operation), 1 guyed steel truss mast, insulated from earth, height 137 m for night operation and reserve antenna | SWR cont.ra | switched off since January 8, 2012, dismantled in 2012/2013 |
| 675 | Lopik (Netherlands) | 60 | Guyed steel truss mast, insulated from earth, height 196 m | Radio Maria | switched off on September 1, 2015 - mast destroyed |
| 693 | Zehlendorf | 250 | Trap antenna on earthed, guyed steel truss masts of 120 m height | Voice of Russia (formerly Berliner Rundfunk ) | switched off on January 1, 2014, demolished |
| 702 | Flensburg | 7.5 | Trap antenna on guyed, grounded steel truss mast | NDR info | shut down on January 13, 2015 |
| 702 | Jülich | 5 | Long wire antenna on free-standing steel lattice tower | Truck radio , Christian Vision | was switched off on October 24, 2009, and the transmission masts demolished on November 8, 2010 |
| 702 | Le Col de la Madone (France) | 200 | guyed steel framework mast; Height: 250 m | Radio China International (French) | |
| 711 | Heilbronn | 5 | Guyed steel framework mast, height 74 m, isolated from the ground | SWR cont.ra | since May 2010 DRM, switched off since July 1, 2011 |
| 720 | Langenberg | 63.5 | Trap antenna on an earthed, guyed steel truss mast of 170 m height, Trap antenna on a guyed, earthed steel truss mast of 300 m height | WDR 2 or WDR VERA , on certain occasions WDR Event | shut down on July 6, 2015 |
| 729 | Wurzburg | 1 | grounded steel truss | Bavaria plus | Shutdown on September 30, 2015 |
| 729 | court | 0.2 | above-fed, earthed, guyed steel framework mast, height 74 m | Bavaria plus | Shutdown on September 30, 2015, demolished |
| 729 | Putbus (Ruegen) | 1 | Guyed steel lattice mast with roof capacity, height 51 m, insulated from earth, base point feed | Deutschlandradio Kultur | DRM, switched off on January 1st, 2010, transmitter mast dismantled in 2012 |
| 738 | Hirschlanden | 5 | Steel truss mast, 40 m high, insulated from earth | Truck radio | switched off since May 2008, same mast as AFN transmitter |
| 747 | Flevoland (Netherlands) | 400 (day) / 60 (night) | Trap antenna on guyed, grounded steel framework mast, height 195 m, double feed, see also medium wave transmitter Flevoland | Radio 5 | was shut down on September 1, 2015, demolished |
| 756 | Braunschweig / Cremlingen | 200 | tubular steel mast insulated from earth, height 189 m, steel lattice mast insulated from earth, height 99 m, directional radiation, reserve antenna: steel lattice mast insulated from earth, height 137 m | Deutschlandfunk | shut down on December 31, 2015, demolished |
| 756 | Ravensburg | 100 | two steel truss masts isolated from earth, height 120 m, directional radiation | Deutschlandfunk | shut down on December 31, 2015, demolished |
| 765 | Sottens (Switzerland) | 170 | Trap antenna on a grounded steel lattice tower, height 190 m | Musique option | Option Musique's program distribution was discontinued on December 5, 2010, until the final shutdown as the last Swiss medium-wave transmitter on December 31, 2010, there was a loop with alternative reception options for the Option Musique program. |
| 774 | Bonn | 5 | Wire antenna fed from above, on the side of the grounded tubular steel mast, height 180 m | WDR 2 or WDR VERA traffic radio , on certain occasions WDR event | shut down on July 6, 2015 |
| 783 | Leipzig | 100 | Triangular antenna made of three 50 meter high steel framework masts | MDR info | The distribution of the program ceased on April 30, 2013. Until the final shutdown on May 6, 2013, there was a loop that referred to the alternative reception channel DAB +; demolished in September 2013 |
| 792 | Limoges -Nieul (France) | 300 | guyed steel truss mast | France Info | shut down on July 9, 2014 |
| 792 | Lingen | 5 | Wire antenna on a grounded tubular steel mast | NDR info | shut down on January 13, 2015 |
| 801 | Ismaning | 100 | Guyed tubular steel mast, height 171.5 m, insulated from ground, multiple feed, reserve antenna: guyed steel truss mast, insulated from ground, height 105 m | Bavaria plus | Shutdown on September 30, 2015, medium wave antenna torn down |
| 801 | Nuremberg / Dillberg | 20th | Trap antenna on a grounded steel framework mast of 231 m height | Bavaria plus | Shutdown on September 30, 2015 |
| 828 | Hanover / Hemmingen | 20 (day) / 5 (night) | Long wire antenna on a grounded steel framework mast, height 125 m | NDR info | shut down on January 13, 2015 |
| 828 | Freiburg | 10 | self-radiating steel lattice mast insulated from earth, height: 92 m | SWR cont.ra | shut down on January 8, 2012 for cost reasons |
| 837 | Nancy -Nomény (France) | 200 | guyed steel truss mast | France Info | shut down on July 9, 2014 |
| 846 | Santa Palomba near Rome | 25th | Cage antenna on a 186 meter high, free-standing steel lattice tower |
RAI Radiouno (until 2004 Radiodue) |
DRM, formerly known as Stazione Roma II ; Out of service from March 2002 – April 2003 and May 2004 – January 2007, DRM since January 2008, sporadically in operation until 2009 |
| 855 | Berlin-Britz | 25th | Guyed steel truss mast, insulated from earth, height 146 m | DRadio Wissen , Deutschlandfunk | DRM, switched off since September 19, 2012., Demolished |
| 864 | Villebon-sur-Yvette (France) | 300 | two guyed self-radiating steel truss masts with a triangular cross-section | France Bleu 107.1 | the easiest to receive station in AM stereo at night |
| 882 | Wachenbrunn | 20th | two guyed tubular steel masts insulated from the ground, height 146.5 m | MDR info | switched off on June 30, 2011, transmitter masts blown up on July 14, 2011 |
| 891 | Hulsberg (Netherlands) | 20th | guyed steel truss mast, height: 101 m (also used for 1251 kHz) | Radio 538 | shut down in November 2016 |
| 927 | Wolvertem (Belgium) | 300 | Radio 1 | shut down on December 31, 2011 | |
| 936 | Bremen | 50 | Kinked fish trap antenna on a grounded, guyed steel framework mast, height 45 m | Bremen one | was shut down on March 10, 2010 due to savings measures |
| 945 | Toulouse - Muret (France) | 300 | guyed steel truss mast | France Info | shut down on July 9, 2014 |
| 963 | Pori (Finland) | 600 | guyed steel framework mast; Height: 185 m | Radio China International | was shut down on April 15, 2013 |
| 972 | Hamburg-Billwerder | 100 | tubular steel mast insulated from earth, height 184 m, double feedable, tubular steel mast insulated from earth, 120.9 m | NDR info | shut down on January 13, 2015, demolished |
| 990 | Berlin-Britz | 100 | Guyed steel framework mast, insulated from the ground, height 160 m | Deutschlandradio Kultur (formerly RIAS ; broadcast on September 4, 2013) | The last remaining 160 meter high transmission mast was blown up on July 18, 2015 at 2 p.m. |
| 1017 | Rheinsender Wolfsheim | 100 | Steel tube mast insulated from earth, height 160 m, double feedable | SWR cont.ra | shut down on January 8, 2012 for cost reasons, demolished on February 19, 2013 |
| 1044 | Dresden / Wilsdruff | 20th | Guyed tubular steel mast, insulated from earth, height 153 m | MDR info | shut down on May 6, 2013 |
| 1062 | Kalundborg (Denmark) | 300 | Guyed steel truss mast, insulated from earth, height 147 m | DR P5 Kalundborg | switched off since June 26, 2011, transmitter mast blown up on June 20, 2012 |
| 1107 | Grafenwohr | 10 | guyed tubular steel mast; Height: 66 m | AFN - The Eagle | Shut down from August 28, 2008. Transmission mast demolished in 2009. The transmission location was moved to Vilseck. |
| 1107 | Kaiserslautern / Sambach | 10 | Steel truss mast isolated from earth | AFN - Power Network Kaiserslautern | shut down on August 31, 2014 |
| 1116 | Bologna (Italy) | 100 | Guyed tubular steel mast, insulated from earth, double feedable |
RAI Radiouno (until 2004 Radiodue) |
shut down in 2007 |
| 1134 | Nin (Croatia) | 600 | two steel truss masts | Glas Hrvatske | inactive since January 1, 2014 |
| 1143 | Heidelberg-Wieblingen | 1 | tubular steel mast insulated from earth; Height: 65 meters | AFN - Power Network Kaiserslautern | switched off |
| 1143 | Wurzburg | 0.3 | AFN - The Eagle | ||
| 1143 | Bitburg | 0.3 | AFN - Power Network Eifel | ||
| 1143 | Stuttgart / Hirschlanden | 10 | Guyed steel truss mast, insulated from earth, 40 m high | AFN - Power Network Stuttgart | shut down on March 7, 2014 |
| 1179 | Sölvesborg (Sweden) | 600 | two trap antennas on two grounded steel lattice towers, height 135 m | Sveriges radio with international broadcasts | was shut down on October 30, 2010 for cost reasons |
| 1179 | Heusweiler | 10 | Steel truss mast, 50 m high, insulated from earth | Antenna Saar | shut down on December 31, 2015, demolished |
| 1188 | Reichenbach | 3 | Trap antenna on a grounded, guyed steel truss mast; Height: 50 m | MDR info | The distribution of the program ceased on April 30, 2013. Until the final shutdown on May 6, 2013, there was a loop that refers to the alternative reception channel DAB +; demolished in July 2013 |
| 1197 | Ismaning | 300/150 | four braced steel truss masts, height 120 m, insulated against earth, switchable directional radiation | VoA , RFE / RL ( IBB ) | shut down since March 27, 2005, transmitter dismantled at the end of 2007 |
| 1215 | Bolshakovo near Kaliningrad (Russia) | 1200 | 16 self-radiating transmission masts with trap antenna, height: 256 m | Westi FM | |
| 1242 | Marseille (France) | 150 | France Info | ||
| 1251 | Hulsberg (Netherlands) | 10 | guyed steel lattice mast, height: 101 m (also used for 891 kHz) | Radio 5 | was shut down on September 1, 2015 |
| 1269 | Neumunster | 300 | two guyed steel truss masts insulated from earth, height 65 m | Deutschlandfunk | shut down on December 31, 2015, demolished |
| 1278 | Sélestat (France) | 300 | Guyed steel truss mast isolated from earth, switchable directional radiation | France Bleu Alsace | shut down on December 31, 2015 |
| 1314 | Kvitsøy (Norway) | 600 | Dipole trap antenna on a grounded steel lattice tower, height 117.5 m | Norsk rikskringkasting | inactive since June 30, 2006, blown up in June 2012 |
| 1323 | Wachenbrunn | 500 (day) / 150 (night) | four braced steel truss masts, height 125.1 m, insulated from earth, switchable directional radiation | Voice of Russia , Religious Community Universal Life | was shut down on December 31, 2012, demolished |
| 1332 | Santa Palomba near Rome (Italy) | 150 | Trap antenna on free-standing steel lattice tower | RAI Radiouno | inactive |
| 1341 | Szolnok (Hungary) | 150 | Guyed steel framework mast with triangular cross-section, 119 m high | Magyar Katolikus Rádió | switched off since January 16, 2011 |
| 1350 | Le Col de la Madone (France) | 10 | guyed steel truss masts; Height: 101 and 250 meters | Radio Orient | shut down on October 25, 2013 |
| 1377 | Lille -Camphain (France) | 300 | France Info | shut down on December 31, 2015 | |
| 1386 | Bolshakovo near Kaliningrad (Russia) | 1000 | 256 meter high self-radiating transmission mast with a trap antenna | Voice of Russia , Religious Community Universal Life | switched off since November 1, 2007 |
| 1395 | Trintelhaven (Netherlands) | 20th | Big L Radio London | switched off since January 25, 2011 | |
| 1413 | Ulm | 5 | Guyed steel framework mast, isolated from the earth | SWR cont.ra | Frequency change: By 1978 to 998, by 3/2010 to 711, was switched off on December 30, 2011 for cost reasons |
| 1422 | Heusweiler | 400 | two guyed steel framework masts, height 120 m, one mast fed by the center | Deutschlandfunk | Protective net over Autobahn 8 , shut down on December 31, 2015. Blown up on September 21, 2018. |
| 1431 | Dresden / Wilsdruff | 250 (day) / 150 (night) | Guyed tubular steel mast, insulated from earth, height 153 m | Voice of Russia | shut down on December 31, 2012 |
| 1440 | Marnach (Luxembourg) | 300 (day) / 600 (night) | three guyed steel truss masts isolated from earth, height 105 m (main antenna); a guyed steel truss mast, height 60 m, insulated from earth; a free-standing steel lattice tower, insulated from earth, height 65 m (reserve antenna) | 5:00 a.m. - 5:15 a.m. RTL Radio 5:15 a.m. - 5:45 a.m. religious broadcasts from various mission |
Shutdown at the end of 2015, demolished |
| 1476 | Vienna | 60 | Guyed steel truss mast, insulated from earth, 120 m high, guyed steel truss mast, insulated from earth, 265 m high | Radio 1476 , formerly Ö1 | switched off on December 31, 2008, transmitter masts blown up on February 24, 2010 |
| 1485 | Baden-Baden | 1 | Guyed steel truss mast, insulated from earth, 50 m high | SWR cont.ra | shut down on October 15, 2010 for cost reasons |
| 1485 | Rheinsender Wolfsheim | 0.42 | SWR cont.ra | temporary DRM test operation, switched off on January 8, 2012 for cost reasons; demolished on February 19, 2013 | |
| 1485 | Berlin-Schäferberg | 1 | Long wire antenna | Radio B2 | DRM , currently inactive |
| 1485 | Hohenfels | 0.3 | AFN - The Eagle | ||
| 1485 | Ansbach | 0.3 | AFN - Power Network Bavaria | ||
| 1530 | Santa Maria di Galeria (Italy) | 75 | Dipole trap antennas on four grounded, free-standing steel lattice towers, height 94 m | Vatican Radio | shut down since July 1, 2012, demolished on May 8, 2014 |
| 1539 | Mainflingen near Aschaffenburg | 120 (day) / 700 (night) | Daytime operation: braced steel truss mast, 95 m high, insulated from earth; Night operation: cross dipole (steep beam antenna) | ERF Plus | Shut down on December 31, 2011 for cost reasons, destroyed in 2014 |
| 1557 | Le Col de la Madone (France) | 300 | guyed steel truss masts; Height: 101 and 250 meters | France Info | shut down on December 31, 2015 |
| 1566 | Sarnen (Switzerland) | 300 | Dipole antenna made of 2 × 170 m long dipoles (96 m apart) on 2 × 3 free-standing steel lattice towers, 40 m high | DRS 1 | shut down in 1992; Dismantled in 2013 |
| 1575 | Castle | 100 (day) / 500 (night) analog or 20 (day) / 100 (night) digital | Dipole antennas on free-standing steel lattice towers | Voice of Russia | DRM / AM, dipole antennas demolished |
| 1593 | Langenberg | 20th | Trap antenna in the VHF mast | 06:00 - 22:00 WDR KIRAKA (KInder-RAdio-KAnal) 22:00 - 06:00 WDR 1 live diggi |
since 2006 DRM, switched off on December 31, 2011 |
| 1611 | Santa Maria di Galeria (Italy) | 50 | two guyed steel truss masts | Vatican Radio | temporarily DRM, switched off since July 1, 2012 |
See also
literature
- Gerd Klawitter, Klaus Herold, Michael Oexner: Broadcasting on medium wave. Germany - Europe - overseas. Siebel Verlag GmbH, Meckenheim 1996, ISBN 3-89632-010-6
Web links
- MWLIST - worldwide transmitter database for LW / MW / KW
- FMSCAN - frequency tables for any receiving locations and transmitter cards (LW / MW / KW / FM / DAB / TV)
- Current MW station table for Central Europe
- The Medium Wave Circle - The Medium Wave Circle is an international club for radio listeners.
- European Medium Wave Guide (EMWG) - Medium wave frequency list for Europe
- The last German MW / LW broadcasting stations - review with photos of many broadcasting stations and masts
Individual evidence
- ↑ Konrad Dussel: Deutsche Rundfunkgeschichte - An Introduction , UVK Medien Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Konstanz 1999, page 40, ISBN 3-89669-250-X
- ↑ WebSDR http://websdr.ewi.utwente.nl:8901/m.html
- ↑ Marcus Heumann: Farewell to the medium wave. The dreaded wave salad is history ( Deutschlandfunk.de of December 17, 2015)
- ↑ http://fmscan.org/ query 2015
- ↑ http://www.blm.de/de/pub/radio___tv/radioprogramme/sender/truck_radio.cfm
- ↑ Medium wave switched off in Sicily ( Memento from February 11, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ a b hr switches off medium wave at the end of the year ( memento from March 14, 2010 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Sender_Kiel
- ↑ Naples MW Transmitter Closed Down
- ↑ http://www.dxaktuell.de/?p=1831
- ↑ a b http://www1.wdr.de/themen/infokompakt/nachrichten/nrwkompakt/ Abschaltung-mittelwellensender-bonn-langenberg-100.html
- ↑ a b c d https://www.br.de/unternehmen/inhalt/technik/mittelwelle-verschaltung-radio-100.html BR-Mittelwelle only broadcasts until September 30th
- ↑ http://www.biener-media.de/0729-MV.html ( Memento from June 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ MW antenna dismantled in Putbus ( Memento from February 11, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ^ RAI to test DRM in Rome
- ↑ Log: RAI 846 kHz DRM 0425 UTC
- ↑ http://www.dxaktuell.de/?p=2632
- ↑ historical medium wave frequency Wolvertem
- ↑ http://www.nordvestnyt.dk/artikel/161107:Kalundborg--Gisseloere-mast-vaeltede-uden-problemer
- ↑ Medium wave Bologna 567 kHz switched off ( Memento from September 18, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Nin section "Broadcasting"
- ↑ http://www.dxaktuell.de/?p=2510
- ↑ AM News 2011 ( Memento from January 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ http://www.zilionis.lt/history/1386-e.htm
- ↑ Shutdown 1440 kHz at the end of 2015 ( Memento from December 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b Vatican Radio without major MW transmitter ( Memento from February 11, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Medium wave antenna torn down from Vatican Radio ( Memento from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ http://www.op-online.de/region/seligenstadt/gemarkungsrundgang-mainhausen-erinnerung-protest-gegen-sendemaste-4965025.html