Haidberg (Zell)
| Haidberg | ||
|---|---|---|
 Mountain peaks |
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| height | 692.5 m above sea level NN | |
| location | Bavaria , Germany | |
| Mountains | Fichtel Mountains | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 7 '53 " N , 11 ° 48' 6" E | |
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| rock | Serpentinite | |
The Haidberg is a wooded ridge of serpentinite in the cell in the Fichtelgebirge in the northwest of Fichtelgebirges or in the southeastern Münchberger plateau .
Location and topography
The Haidberg is located about one kilometer southwest of the market in Zell in the southern district of Hof . Traditionally, it is attributed to the Fichtel Mountains. In terms of nature , however, it is located on the southeast edge of the Münchberg plateau. The Haidberg is an elongated, wooded ridge, the highest point of which is 692.5 m above sea level. NN lies. The Haidberg is made accessible by an easy-to-walk nature trail of 1.5 km in length. The watershed runs over the Haidberg between the catchment areas of the Saxon Saale and the Main or the Elbe and the Rhine . A former quarry on the eastern flank of the mountain filled with groundwater has the protection status of a protected landscape component and geotope. It is not freely accessible. The entire mountain range has been designated as a European NATURA 2000 protected area (FFH area) "Serpentinite sites on Haidberg southwest of Zell" since 2004. As a result, the nebulas, heaths and rocky vegetation created by the Hof Landschaftspflegeverband Hof since 1990 are protected with a special flora.
Surname
Haidberg is a landscape-related name and points to the earlier use of the ridge as a pasture, which was demonstrably treeless until the early 20th century. It was overgrown with grasslands and dwarf shrub heather. The shallow, nutrient-poor site is not accessible for agricultural use. After the pasture had been abandoned, it was almost completely reforested with spruce in the 1950s. There are also references to the pagan Wends for this mountain , who worshiped their deities there in a "holy Hayn". To derive the name Haidberg from this must be seriously doubted. Because of a geological peculiarity, the mineral magnetite, it was given the nickname "Magnetberg des Fichtelgebirge". The resulting deflection of compass needles was already mentioned by Alexander von Humboldt.
geology
Geologically, the Haidberg belongs to the Münchberg gneiss mass between the Franconian Forest , which is characterized by slate , and the predominantly granitic Fichtel Mountains. The Münchberger Masse occupies a geological special position in the Paleozoic basement of Upper Franconia, because it forms an "island" of metamorphic rock about 35 km long and 15 km wide .
The Haidberg belongs to the so-called phyllite - prasinite unit on the edge of the Münchberger mass and consists largely of serpentinite . The serpentinite rock has a comparatively high proportion of ferrimagnetic minerals, especially magnetite , which means that the rock can be relatively strongly magnetized. The serpentinite of the Haidberg is also magnetized, with the strongest magnetization being caused by lightning strikes. The distraction of the compass needle near the Haidberg serpentinite was noticed by the famous naturalist Alexander von Humboldt as early as 1797 . As Prussian Upper Bergmeister he was excited by this discovery, and described the Haidberg as " magnetic mountain ".
Geotope
The former serpentinite quarry has been designated as an important geotope by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (geotope number: 475A028).
Flora and fauna
In 1799 it was reported that the entire Haidberg was bare and was used as pasture by the surrounding farmers. It was not until the turn of the century that the ridge was gradually forested with pine and spruce due to the decline in grazing . However, larger open areas have been preserved, which are known as grasslands because of their sparse growth and their flatness . Lean grasslands on serpentinite are a real botanical rarity in Germany. For further development, the entire southern slope is being thinned out to preserve the typical flora. Such are heather , snow heather , dwarf beech , alpine flax leaf and arnica . The Naturhof Faßmannsreuther earth strives for the preservation and dissemination of arnica. The abandoned serpentinite quarry in the east of the ridge is not accessible to visitors. The rock mining at that time created a habitat for rock-breeding bird species, rock-dwelling ferns, mosses and lichens. The area with the groundwater-filled quarry is also a retreat for rare reptiles, amphibian species and insects.
Economic benefit
First of all, stones were broken in the quarry on the east side of the Haidberg in a one-man operation without mechanical help and processed into gravel. In 1948 Markt Zell sold the site to what was then the Münchberg district , which had gravel produced for road construction using a mechanical stone crusher. From 1960 to 1982 the company Jahreis from Hof leased the site and produced ballast material in the quarry. In 1987 the current owner, the district of Hof, had all the existing buildings demolished and a dam built on the street. The area was fenced in and the entrance area closed with a gate.
The devil's fountain
Southwest of the Haidberg, at an altitude of 600 meters in the middle of a meadow near a willow bush, a sour well rises from the earth, which has been shown on maps since 1783. The spring version consists of serpentinite rock. The source leads water to the Lübnitzbach, which flows into the Ölschnitz and flows into the White Main . The meadow east of the source is called Teufelswiese and the meadow adjoining it to the east is called Himmelswiese. The location and name of a chapel that is said to have stood near the Teufelsbrunnen or on the Haidberg itself is unclear. The names "Heiliger Rupprecht" or "St. Otting ".
literature
- District of Hof (ed.): Leaflet Nature Trail Haidberg.
- Heinrich Schuberth: The magnetic mountain of the Fichtelgebirge . In: Der Siebenstern , 1934, pp. 121–124.
- Reinhard Raithel: Zell - A home book . 1998.
- Dietmar Herrmann, Helmut Süssmann: Fichtel Mountains, Bavarian Vogtland, Steinwald, Bayreuther Land. Lexicon . Ackermannverlag, Hof (Saale) 2000, ISBN 3-929364-18-2 .
- Johann Theodor Benjamin Helfrecht : Ruins, antiquities and still standing locksmiths on and on the Fichtelgebirge. One try. 1795. pp. 141f. ( online )
cards
- Bavarian Land Surveying Office: Topographic map 1: 25,000, sheet 5836 Münchberg
Web links
- Article by Dietmar Herrmann on the homepage of the Fichtelgebirgsverein
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gustav Angenheister: The interpretation of the magnetic interference fields (anomalies) of several serpentinite bodies in five areas in the west of the Bohemian mass. Geologica Bavarica. Vol. 67, 1973, pp. 35-63, online (complete volume).
- ^ Frank Holl , Eberhard Schulz-Lüpertz: I made such big plans there ... Alexander von Humboldt in Franconia. Franconian History, Vol. 18. Schrenk, Gunzenhausen 2012, ISBN 978-3-924270-74-2 .
- ^ Bavarian State Office for the Environment, Geotop Former serpentinite quarry Haidberg near Zell (accessed on March 22, 2020).