Hambach (Bühler)

	Hambach; Hahnbach
	View to the southeast over the Bühler to the Hambach estuary below the Ummenhofen quarry
	Data
Water code	DE : 238665716
location	Swabian-Franconian forest mountains Burgberg Vorhöhen and Speltach Bay; Hohenloher and Haller level Vellberger Bay; Baden-Württemberg Schwäbisch Hall district Municipality Obersontheim District Untersontheim ; ; ;
River system	Rhine
Drain over	Bühler → Kocher → Neckar → Rhine → North Sea
source	on the western slope of the Hahnenberg in Gewann Hambach approx. 1.3 km southeast of Merkelbach and less than 0.3 km north of the bend in the Birkelbach ; 49 ° 4 '23 " N , 9 ° 55' 16" E
Source height	approx. 430 m above sea level NHN
muzzle	between the shell limestone quarries of Ummenhofen and Eschenau from the right and east in the middle Bühler coordinates: 49 ° 4 ′ 31 ″ N , 9 ° 53 ′ 54 ″ E, 49 ° 4 ′ 31 ″ N , 9 ° 53 ′ 54 ″ E;
Mouth height	approx. 353.5 m above sea level NHN
Height difference	approx. 76.5 m
Bottom slope	approx. 36 ‰
length	approx. 2.1 km
Catchment area	approx. 1.2 km²
Residents in the catchment area	no

The Hambach , usually registered as Hahnbach on national maps , is a creek about two kilometers long in the municipality of Obersontheim in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in northeastern Baden-Württemberg , which runs between the quarries of Obersontheim- Ummenhofen and Vellberg - Eschenau from the right and east into the middle Bühler flows.

geography

course

The Hambach produced at the wooded Keuper stage at the western slope of up to 505.9 m above sea level. NHN high Hahnenberg in the northeast of the Obersontheim municipality in a large slope that bears his name. It consists of several small blade branches, which, depending on the season, can also lie mostly dry. The probably longest branch arises in such a blade crack at about 430 m above sea level. NHN about 300 meters north of the noticeable bend in the neighboring Birkelbach . This conspicuous railing channel moves - in summer with mostly dry ground, but with a recognizable bed that has not been buried by leaves - about half a kilometer to the northwest, where the stream then at about 400 m above sea level. NHN has collected all other upper source branches from the right and turns west-southwest.

About two hundred meters further, another branch flows in from the southeast, which arises near the forest path from Gewann Speckrain to Gewann Hambach and is only up to 0.3 km long. Less than a hundred meters later, the Hambach comes to the edge of the meadow and meanders along this for about 200 meters to a field path crossing with a pipe at a little over 385 m above sea level. NHN , at which the forest ends on the left. In a quiet meadow between the Hahnenberg spurs, Hammersberg on the right and Speckrain on the left, which are wooded up to the ridges, it moves, initially in a channel that is barely recognizable in tall grass, and later with very sparse bush vegetation at its now larger deepening. to the southwest to the K 2619 Untersontheim - Merkelbach , which enters from the south on a pass over the already low Speckrain into the settlement-free erosion bay of the brook and over an equally low knoll between the Hammersberg and a round mountain hump in front of it with a water reservoir on the summit leaves again.

At the edge of the district road, a brook up to 0.6 km long runs from the east-southeast, which arises close to the Speckrain ridge, whereupon the Hambach turns in the direction of this largest tributary and crosses under the district road. On the west side of the valley it runs in a steeper and narrower valley, between the now-covered Speckrain continuation Hahnenberg on the left and the Eschenau quarry, which is already excavating its base, and the water reservoir hump above it on the right. Soon it flows below 370 m above sea level. NHN in its little valley that has become a blade in a high dammed pond of a fishing club with an area of less than 0.4 ha, which was only created in the second half of the 20th century. He leaves this pond in a pipe through the dam, falls on the last wooded section of the blade between large shell limestone blocks that have apparently not been used in the dam construction or that have fallen down to the narrow floodplain. From its bed cut into the floodplain for the last few meters, it finally pours from the right into the 353.5 m above sea level here. NHN high standing middle Bühler .

The Hambach is about 2.1 km long from the origin mentioned, it flows about 77 meters below this and has an average bed gradient of around 38 ‰.

Catchment area

The Hambach drains about 1.2 km². From a natural perspective, its catchment area, with the wooded eastern part and the spur cheeks on both sides of the central reaches, belongs to the lower area of the Burgberg Vorhöhen and Speltach Bay of the Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains , with the western area to the lower area of the Vellberger Bay of the Hohenloher and Haller Ebene natural area , the Keuperrand bay of the Bühler it expands with its small side bay.

The north-north-western watershed, only somewhat disturbed on the lower reaches by the growing quarry, runs straight over the pronounced ridge of its fore hump and the Hammerberg from the mouth to the 505.9 m above sea level. NHN highest point of the Hahnenberg . The steep ridge separates the valley of the Eschenauer Lanzenbach, which flows a little further down into the Bühler . At this highest and most easterly point of the catchment area begins a piece of the southeastern watershed from the Hahnenberg to the eastern Speckrain, behind which the Häfnerbach runs to the upper and the Birkelbach to the middle Nesselbach , a noticeably higher right-hand Bühler tributary. Behind the rest of the Speckrain ridge, the next upper Speckbach also flows to the Bühler.

Forest stands on over two thirds of the catchment area - closed in the east, on the sides of the slopes of the two ridges that border the valley, and finally only in a small area near the mouth in the lowest blade. In the open corridor area there are fields on the flat front spur Hahnenberg of Speckrain, otherwise there are almost only meadows or orchards. Apart from a tiny gusset of the Frankenhardt district on the waterless high plateau of the Hahnenberg in the far east, the entire area lies on the Untersontheim sub-district of the Obersontheim community . There is nowhere settlement.

geology

The highest tertiary geological layer in the catchment area is the silica sandstone ( Hassberge Formation ), from which the Hahnenberg plateau in the far east of the catchment area is made. This is followed by Lower Colorful Marl ( Steigerwald Formation ) and a strip of reed sandstone ( Stuttgart Formation ). The source of the stream lies below it in the upper Gipskeuper ( Grabfeld formation ). The uppermost, northwest-running blade crack is probably dug into the step-forming Corbula layer, which is likely to be responsible for a noticeable small plateau on the left. In the Gipskeuper, the stream then remains for a long time until it reaches its wide meadow basin a little before the district road, in which there is broad Quaternary floodplain sediment. This is followed by the Lettenkeuper ( Erfurt Formation ) and finally the Upper Muschelkalk , which is followed by the quarries of Ummenhofen, which are close to the valley, upstream and from Eschenau downstream.

The catchment area of the Hambach lies at the intersection of two larger tectonic structures. The longer of these, the Neckar-Jagst Depression , which runs from the west-southwest to east-northeast , is formed as a fault on this side of the upper slope of the Speckrain, which is tectonically deep and delimits a small rectangular clod on the Speckrain that extends into the sandstone on the other side lies, so that the island-like covering silica sandstone on her already at about 455 m above sea level. NHN begins, while on the (large, eastern) Hahnenberg it is only at about 490 m above sea level. NHN begins.

The less long structure is the Vellberg Fault , which mostly moves approximately on the east side of the Bühlertal from south-east to north-west , which suspected to begin near the Nesselbach -lauf in the area of the deep floe mentioned, then in the hollow of the middle Hambach probably Gipskeuper in the northeast against Lettenkeuper moved to the southwest and finally leaves the catchment area via the hump in front of the Hammersberg, where it has been well documented; beyond in the northern part of the Eschenau quarry it is very open. The tectonically deeper floe is in the northeast.

A little further down, a very short disturbance, coming over the small pass on the Speckrain, crosses the Hambachmulde on the route of the district road, it moves on the Gipskeuper pass on the Speckrain in the east against Lettenkeuper on the western spur foothills of the Hahnenberg of the Speckrain .

From the other small pass of the county road over the knoll between its western fore and the Hammersberg, a mostly unpaved ridge path leads eastwards to the Hahnenberg plateau. In the form of flat and slightly rising sections in gypsum keuper and reed sandstone and a loamy sunken path section in the lower colored marls, the sequence of the Keuper layers is quite clear.

The two quarries on both sides of the lower reaches are geotopes.

Individual evidence

LUBW

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Course and catchment area of the Hambach
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Height according to the contour line image on the background layer topographic map .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Length measured on the background layer topographic map .
↑ Catchment area measured on the background layer topographic map .
↑ ^a ^b Height according to black lettering on the background layer topographic map .
↑ Lake area after the layer standing waters .

Other evidence

^ According to the river level marked with a black triangle on the sheet of measuring table 6925 Obersontheim from 1936 in the Deutsche Fotothek ; The quarries have moved so close to the course of the river on the newer maps that there is no space for an indication of the height and no contour lines can be read.
↑ Wolf-Dieter Sick : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 162 Rothenburg o. D. Deaf. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1962. → Online map (PDF; 4.7 MB)
↑ Geology according to the geological map listed under → Literature . A rough overview also provides: Mapserver of the State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining (LGRB) ( notes )
↑ Geotope profile of the quarry part on the Hahnenberg of the Ummenhofen quarry
↑ Geotope profile of the Eschenau quarry

literature

Topographic map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg, as single sheet No. 6925 Obersontheim
Geological map of Baden-Württemberg 1: 25,000, published by the State Geological Office 1982, sheet no. 6925 Obersontheim with explanatory booklet

Web links

Map of the course and catchment area of the Hambach on: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information )
Measuring table sheet 6925 Obersontheim from 1936 in the Deutsche Fotothek

[TK-HLB-Höhe-1] Height according to the contour line image on the background layer topographic map .

[TK-abgemessen-Länge-3] Length measured on the background layer topographic map .

[TK-abgemessen-EZG-4] Catchment area measured on the background layer topographic map .

[TK-Schwarz-Höhe-5] Height according to black lettering on the background layer topographic map .

[SG-Seefläche-6] Lake area after the layer standing waters .

[DFT-Schwarz-Höhe-2] According to the river level marked with a black triangle on the sheet of measuring table 6925 Obersontheim from 1936 in the Deutsche Fotothek ; The quarries have moved so close to the course of the river on the newer maps that there is no space for an indication of the height and no contour lines can be read.

[BfL-162-7] Wolf-Dieter Sick : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 162 Rothenburg o. D. Deaf. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1962. → Online map (PDF; 4.7 MB)

[LGRB-Geologie-8] Geology according to the geological map listed under → Literature . A rough overview also provides: Mapserver of the State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining (LGRB) ( notes )

[Geotop-Ummenhofer-Steinbruch-Teil-Hahnenberg-9] Geotope profile of the quarry part on the Hahnenberg of the Ummenhofen quarry

[Geotop-Eschenauer-Steinbruch-10] Geotope profile of the Eschenau quarry