Handeliodendron bodinieri

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Handeliodendron bodinieri
Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Sapindales (Sapindales)
Family : Soap tree family (Sapindaceae)
Subfamily : Horse chestnut family (Hippocastanoideae)
Genre : Trading diodes
Type : Handeliodendron bodinieri
Scientific name of the  genus
Trading diodes
Rehder
Scientific name of the  species
Handeliodendron bodinieri
( H.Lév. ) Rehder

Handeliodendron bodinieri is the only way the plant genus Handeliodendron within the family of the soap tree plants (Sapindaceae). This rare species is only found in China.

description

Appearance and leaf

Handeliodendron bodinieri grows as a deciduous tree or shrub and reaches heights of up to 15 meters. All vegetative parts of the plant are bare.

The constantly against arranged on the branches leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole is 4 to 11 inches long. The palmate, divided leaf blade consists of five 0.1 to 1.5 cm long stalked partial leaves. The spread of the partial leaves are 3 to 12 centimeters long and 1.5 to 6.5 centimeters wide, elliptical to inverted-lanceolate with a wedge-shaped base and a pointed to tapered upper end. The leaf margin is smooth. The top and bottom of the leaf is sparsely covered with distinct, brown or dark red glands. Each leaf has nine to twelve pairs of lateral nerves.

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering period in China extends from March to May. The inflorescence stem is 3 to 4 inches long. The terminal, compound, thyrsen-shaped inflorescence is short, cylindrical-conical with a length of 5 to 7.5 (up to 12) centimeters with 1 to 3 cm long branches and usually contains many flowers. The small bracts are awl-shaped. The 2 to 5 millimeter long pedicels are densely covered with whitish, spherical papillae.

The rather small, mostly hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The four or five with a length of 2 to 3 millimeters and a width of about 1 millimeter elongated-elliptical or almost egg-shaped sepals are only fused at their base and densely covered on the underside with whitish, spherical papillae; its edge is densely ciliated and its upper end is almost blunt. The four or five more or less identical, yellow to white petals are 5 to 9 millimeters long and 1.5 to 2 millimeters wide, narrow-oblong or obverse-lanceolate and bent back from their center. The petals are glabrous on their upper side, curled shaggy hair on the underside and densely ciliate on the edge; they have two small scales on top at their base. The seven or eight stamens are 5 to 10 millimeters long. The stamens are curly hairy shaggy in the upper area. The anthers are about 0.7 millimeters long. Three carpels are a bare spindle-shaped, upper permanent ovary grown, including the relatively long Gynophor is 2.5 millimeters long. There are two ovules per carpel . The short style ends in a three-lobed scar.

Fruit and seeds

The capsule fruit is pear-shaped with a length of 2.2 to 3.5 centimeters (including the 1 to 1.5 centimeter long gynophore) and a diameter of 0.5 to 1.8 centimeters and suddenly narrows to the gynophore at its base; the upper end is prickly. The capsule fruit, spotted orange-brown when ripe, contains one to five seeds. The pericarp is smooth. The fruits ripen in China between July and August or, more rarely, until October.

The seeds, which are relatively small at 8 to 11 millimeters, are almost ovoid to more or less ellipsoidal. The seed coat (testa) is glossy black. The hilum is two-ply aril -like and takes up about half of the seed. The relatively large embryo is curved.

Occurrence, use and exposure

The natural range of trade iodendron bodinieri only includes the Chinese provinces of northwestern Guangxi and southern Guizhou . Handeliodendron bodinieri thrives in forests, on the edges of forests, in clearings, in caves, on rock channels and in crevices only in the tropical karst at altitudes between 500 and 1200 meters.

Handeliodendron bodinieri is said to be rare. The collection of the seeds for oil extraction and the low natural regeneration lead to a decline in stocks. The seeds are very rich in oil, which makes them a popular food for wild animals.

Systematics

The first description was made 1914-1915 by Augustin Abel Hector Léveillé under the name ( Basionym ) Sideroxylon bodinieri in Flore du Kouy-Tchéou , p 384. Alfred Rehder introduced in 1935 the genus Handeliodendron with the new combination Handeliodendron bodinieri (H.Lév.) Rehder as Typusart in Journal of the Arnold Arboretum , Volume 16, Issue 1, p. 66, plate 119, figure 1. The generic name honors the Austrian botanist and China expert Heinrich Raphael Eduard Freiherr von Handel-Mazzetti (1882-1940).

Handeliodendron bodinieri is the only species of the genus Handeliodendron in the subfamily Hippocastanoideae within the family Sapindaceae .

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Nianhe Xia, Nicholas J. Turland & Paul A. Gadek: Hippocastanaceae : genus Handeliodendron and species Handeliodendron bodinieri , p. 1 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 11 - Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2008. ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3
  2. ↑ Léveillé scanned into biodiversitylibrary.org .
  3. ^ Rehder scanned in 1935 at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  4. ↑ Handeliodendron bodinieri at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 8, 2013.
  5. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
  6. ↑ Mark G. Harrington, Karen J. Edwards, Sheila A. Johnson, Mark W. Chase & Paul A. Gadek: Phylogenetic inference in Sapindaceae sensu lato using plastid matK and rbcL DNA sequences , In: Systematic Botany , Volume 30, Issue 2 , 2005, pp. 366-382. doi : 10.1600 / 0363644054223549

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