Hanniwka (Tarutyne)
| Hanniwka | |||
| Ганнівка | |||
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| Basic data | |||
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| Oblast : | Odessa Oblast | ||
| Rajon : | Tarutyne district | ||
| Height : | 100 m | ||
| Area : | 2.34 km² | ||
| Residents : | 653 (2004) | ||
| Population density : | 279 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Postcodes : | 68511 | ||
| Area code : | +380 4847 | ||
| Geographic location : | 46 ° 25 ′ N , 29 ° 20 ′ E | ||
| KOATUU : | 5124782602 | ||
| Administrative structure : | 2 villages | ||
| Mayor : | Valentyna Dimowa | ||
| Address: | вул. Центральна 26 68531 с. Ганнівка |
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Hanniwka (Ukrainian Ганнівка ; German Hannowka , Russian Ганновка / Gannowka - older also Анновка / Annowka , Romanian Inculițeni ) is a street village with 653 inhabitants (status: 2004) in Tarutyne district , Odessa Oblast , Ukraine . It was founded in 1825 in the Russian governorate of Bessarabia by Russian settlers as Annowka . From 1896 onwards the development at the southern end of the village was continued by Bessarabian German settlers who called their part of the village Hannowka . Like almost all residents of Bessarabia of German origin, they were resettled in the German Reich in 1940 . People settled here from other parts of the Soviet Union took over their farms. Together with the neighboring village of Novoseliwka , they form a district council of the same name.
location
The village was in the 19th and 20th centuries within the main settlement area of Germans in Bessarabia . Due to its peripheral location, it was further away from the large German market towns and centers of Germanness in Tarutyne and Arzys . About 2 km to the west of the village was the road between the district town of Bendery and Tarutyne. Today Hanniwka is located on Ukrainian territory one kilometer east of the state border with the Republic of Moldova .
landscape
Hanniwka is located in the historical landscape of Bessarabia and in the southern Bessarabian steppe area of Budschak . The landscape is a slightly hilly country with fertile black earth . The settlers mostly used the soil as arable land, less for pasture. Initially, the country was extensive and almost tree-free, but became richer in trees after the Second World War in Soviet times through afforestation.
settlement
The village lies in an elongated flat valley, which is bordered by slopes about 30 meters high. A stream flows through the valley floor. The place was laid out at the beginning of the 19th century like most of the street villages of earlier colonists in what was then the Russian governorate of Bessarabia . The courtyards still stand today along two parallel village streets. In between, a stream flows through the place. The village streets are still largely unpaved and wide paths, which are difficult to pass in spring and autumn when it rains.
Although different ethnic groups (Romanians, Russians, Germans, Ukrainians, Bulgarians, Jews) were each settled in their own villages during the settlement in the 19th century, Russians and Germans lived in one village in Hannowka and Annowka, but spatially separated. In 1940, the farms of around 850 Russian residents were located on the almost two kilometer long village road in the northern part of the village. The 97 settlement farms of the 420 Germans were in the southern part of the village. A dairy building was built there in 1938.
Map section with Hannowka from 1907 with ethnic distribution in the region
Ethnic distribution in Hannowka based on the Romanian census of 1930, 550 Russians, 450 Germans
Yards
The village consisted of farms that were lined up with the gable facing the street on one of the two main streets. They were long, ground-level buildings made of adobe bricks, plastered and whitewashed, and covered with reeds. An adobe wall served as the property boundary to the street. The plots were about 20 meters wide and 400 meters long. In addition to the residential and auxiliary buildings, there were various utility areas (threshing floor, hayloft). A large vineyard was usually laid out in the rear part of the property facing the slope. All of the villagers lived from agriculture.
Today the appearance of the courtyard areas and buildings has changed. After the German residents left in 1940, people from other parts of the Soviet Union moved to the empty courtyards and settled here. Stables, sheds and outbuildings were torn down because of the collective farming in kolkhozes.
history
When German settlers settled in their own settlement on the outskirts of the Russian village Annowka around 1896 , they are likely to have put the letter "H" in front of Annowka in order not to be confused with other settlements of this name.
The number of the first German founding families was small. They came from the Bessarabian German settlements of Arzis, Borodino, Brienne, Hope Valley, Plotzk and Teplitz. The new settlers probably came because of the land shortage in their communities of origin and leased land here for cultivation. In 1903 there were already 110 people living in the German part of the village, including 38 school children. The village community built the prayer and school house for them that year.
Resettlement of the Germans in 1940
As a result of the Hitler-Stalin Pact , the Red Army occupied Bessarabia at the end of June 1940. After the conclusion of a resettlement agreement between the Soviet Union and the German Reich in September 1940, the inhabitants of the Hannowka village of German origin, like all Bessarabian Germans, were given the opportunity to resettle on a voluntary basis. Almost all entitled persons made use of this, especially out of fear of the uncertain future in the Soviet system.
The German resettlement commission responsible for Hannowka had its seat in the neighboring village of Hoffnungstal. She registered those willing to resettle and, in cooperation with the Soviet Resettlement Commission, estimated the assets they left behind. In October, buses and trucks transported women and children to the Galatz Danube port 150 km away . The men followed as a trek by horse and cart. The villagers traveled to the German Reich on Danube steamers and the railroad, where they were housed in camps in Saxony . After 1-2 years they were assigned new farm positions in the General Government near Zamość , whose Polish owners were expropriated, which led to brisk partisan activity with nightly raids.
After 1940 until today
After the Soviet takeover in 1940, the Soviet system was introduced in the villages of Bessarabia, but was reversed a year later during the conquest of Bessarabia in 1941 as part of the attack on the Soviet Union by German and Romanian troops. In 1944 the Red Army took the area again. After 1945 Hanniwka belonged to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic . About one kilometer to the north was the border with the former Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic , now the Republic of Moldova . In the village the collectivization of agriculture took place, of which today several kolkhoz buildings inside and outside the village testify. Many houses belonging to the German founders of the town were no longer inhabited after 1940 and either fell into disrepair or were demolished. The former prayer and school house of the German settlers is a well-kept school building, which was expanded by two identical wings.
See also
literature
- Albert Kern (Hrsg.): Heimatbuch der Bessarabiendeutschen . Aid committee of the Evangelical Lutheran Church from Bessarabia, Hanover 1964
- Axel Hindemith: Hannowka, chronicle of a German community in Bessarabia 1896–1940. Hanover 2003
