Hans Kollwitz (doctor)

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Hans Kollwitz, 1930s

Hans Kollwitz (born May 14, 1892 in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg ; † September 22, 1971 in Berlin-Dahlem ) was a " wandering bird " active in the youth movement , a German doctor , school doctor , epidemiologist in the capital of Berlin, a psychotherapist , author and Publicist .

family

Käthe and Karl Kollwitz with their four grandchildren Jordis, Arne, Jutta and Peter on the balcony of their apartment in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg , 1935

Hans Kollwitz was the first son of the doctor Johannes Carl August Kollwitz, who was born in Rudau near Königsberg in East Prussia , and his wife, the sculptor, painter and graphic artist Käthe Kollwitz , who was born in Königsberg . Hans Kollwitz had a younger brother, the painter Peter Kollwitz .

In 1919 Hans Kollwitz married the graphic artist and book illustrator Ottilie (1900–1963), née Ehlers. The marriage resulted in four children, Peter (1921–1942), the twins Jordis and Jutta (born May 29, 1923) and Arne (born 1930). The couple named their first son after the younger brother of Hans Kollwitz who died in 1914 at the age of 18.

Life

Käthe Kollwitz : Portrait of the three-year-old Hans, 1895
Käthe Kollwitz : Portrait of the four-year-old Hans, 1896
Hans and Peter Kollwitz , 1904

As children, Hans and his younger brother Peter stood at Weißenburger Strasse 25 (today: Kollwitzstrasse 56 a (new building), on Kollwitzplatz ) in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg as models for their mother. For this reason, Hans is present in their works as a baby and small child. From 1904 he and his brother grew up together with Georg Gretor , whom Käthe Kollwitz integrated into the family as a “foster son” from Paris. This was the son of her college friend Rosa Pfäffinger and her husband Willy Gretor .

From left to right: Hans, Käthe and Peter Kollwitz , 1909

As a teenager, Hans Kollwitz belonged to the "wandering bird" within the Bündische Jugend , together with Walter Benjamin , Hans Blüher , Ernst Joëll , Fritz Klatt , the brothers Hans and Walter Koch, Erich Krems , Alfred Kurella and Alexander Rustow also in the so-called Westend Circle who brought together the left wing of the bourgeois youth movement. Klatt was probably the intellectual and journalistic engine of this union.

From 1908, the 16-year-old Hans Kollwitz was involved in a school newspaper project that later became known across the country. The first editions of the youth magazine “ The Beginning” are considered Kollwitz's product, because Hans Kollwitz became the author, his younger brother Peter contributed his own drawings and other texts, two cousins ​​also worked on drawings, “foster brother” Georg Gretor wrote articles. Initially hectographed , the beginning appeared in print from 1911. Georg Gretor published under a pseudonym as Georges Barbizon, after his hometown Barbizon near Paris. The youngsters Walter Benjamin , Siegfried Bernfeld and the equally scandalous and extremely contentious Gustav Wyneken were there as authors , the latter as editor. The beginning was banned in all schools in Bavaria .

Walter Benjamin and Wyneken were associated with the Free School Community in Wickersdorf near Saalfeld in the Thuringian Forest , a reform-pedagogical rural education home that had been a talking point since 1906. Bernfeld, who lived with the Kollwitz family for a week in June 1914, was an admirer of Wyneken and, according to an entry in Käthe Kollwitz's diary, represented the revolutionary faction at the time, while her son Hans Kollwitz and Richard Noll were close to the more spiritually oriented Fichte faction .

Käthe Kollwitz, whose sons Hans and Peter rated the youth movement as “very important”, wrote in her diary in the spring of 1914 that “a movement is evidently emerging from the youth themselves”, which comes along with strong pathos, a “new birth of German youth” strive for. With this she gave a sensitive characteristic of the atmosphere of the time, which can be aptly outlined with the keyword “vague religiosity”, as a religiously motivated search for meaningful offers in the broadest sense. In the age group of her children, Käthe Kollwitz observed pronounced idealistic tendencies, a tendency towards the visionary-prophetic and a pronounced receptivity for soulful and pathetic formulas of departure.

Käthe Kollwitz let Hans participate in her artistic projects. It was very important to her that he followed and assessed her work process and its results. He was even supposed to postpone his vacation to see their exhibitions.

Around 1910 he began studying medicine at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin . After the outbreak of the First World War , he volunteered and was drafted into the medical service due to his medical knowledge. In October 1914, just ten days after his march on the Western Front , his younger brother Peter fell as the first of his regiment. Hans noted in his diary on October 26, 1919: “I ask mother where, years before the war, she got her mother's experience with the dead child that dominates almost all of her pictures. She believes that she anticipated Peter's death even in those years. She would have worked on these pictures with tears. "

After receiving his doctorate in 1920 on the subject of contributing to the knowledge of Insufficiencyia vertebrae , Hans Kollwitz joined the health administration of the capital . In 1928 he became a school doctor and later head of the disease department for Berlin. In 1929 he and his family moved into the row house at Waldweg 29 / corner Grenzweg (today: Franziusweg 42) in the Abendrot settlement in Berlin-Lichtenrade . In 1939 the family bought the neighboring house, in which his wife Ottilie set up a studio in the attic, while the ground floor was rented out.

In 1942 his son Peter was killed on the Eastern Front at the age of 21 . In December 1943, the family's property was badly damaged by an air raid and the buildings were no longer habitable. The family found emergency accommodation in the Abendrotweg. In the post-war period, due to the lack of building materials, the house had to be made temporarily habitable with a flat roof.

After his mother's death in 1945, he was initially a deputy medical officer in the health administration of Berlin-Tempelhof and devoted himself to his psychotherapeutic practice. Then he took early retirement and devoted his further work to the work and memory of the artist. For the first time he published a selection of her mother's diary entries and letters, supported exhibitions and published an illustrated book with photographs of her sculptures. On August 12, 1946, he gave the commemorative speech at the cremation of the teacher and doctor Alice Profé (1867-1946).

Hans Kollwitz was buried next to his wife in the Heidefriedhof in Berlin-Mariendorf . The bronze relief "Rest in the peace of his hands" by Käthe Kollwitz was integrated into the gravestone.

Publications

  • Contribution to knowledge of Insufficiencyia vertebrae . Med. Diss., O. V., Berlin 1920. OCLC 71891713
  • as editor: Käthe Kollwitz. Diary sheets and letters . ebr. Mann, Berlin 1948. OCLC 920745963
  • as contributor (selection of images): Käthe Kollwitz . Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1956. Ed .: Werner Schumann
  • as editor: Käthe Kollwitz: From my life . List, Munich 1958. OCLC 258701833
  • as editor: Käthe Kollwitz. I want to work in this time. Selection from diaries and letters, from graphics, drawings and plastic . Book guild Gutenberg, Frankfurt am Main 1956. New edition: ISBN 978-3-5483-6062-1 .
  • as editor: Käthe Kollwitz 1867–1945. Letters of friendship and encounters . List, Munich 1966. OCLC 607678737
  • as editors with Christoph Meckel and Ulrich Weisner: Käthe Kollwitz (1867–1967) . Inter Nationes, Bad Godesberg 1967. OCLC 474076817
  • as editor: Käthe Kollwitz. The plastic work . Photos by Max Jacoby. With a foreword by Leopold Reidemeister. Wegner, Hamburg 1967. OCLC 634294771
  • as editor: Käthe Kollwitz. I saw the world with loving eyes. A life in self-testimonies . Fackelträger-Verlag Schmidt-Küster, Hanover 1968. OCLC 830723383 New edition: ISBN 978-3-5483-6062-1 .

literature

  • Fritz Böttger : Towards New Shores: Women's Letters from the Middle of the 19th Century to the November Revolution of 1918 . Verlag der Nation, Berlin 1981.
  • Kaethe Kollwitz: The Diary and Letters . Edited by Hans Kollwitz. Translated by Richard and Clara Winston. Northwestern University Press, Evanston (Illinois) 1988, ISBN 978-0-8101-0761-8 .
  • Käthe Kollwitz: The Diaries. Edited by Jutta Bohnke-Kollwitz. Siedler, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-88680-251-5 .
  • Regina Schulte: The upside-down world of war. Studies on Gender, Religion, and Death . Campus, Frankfurt am Main 1998.
  • Alexandra von dem Knesebeck: Käthe Kollwitz: Catalog Raisonné of Her Prints . Kornfeld, Bern 2002
  • Peter Dudek : Fetish youth. Walter Benjamin and Siegfried Bernfeld - youth protest on the eve of the First World War . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2002, ISBN 978-3-7815-1226-9 .
  • Gideon Botsch , Josef Haverkamp: Youth Movement, Anti-Semitism and Right-Wing Politics. From the “Freideutschen Jugendtag” to the present (= European-Jewish studies - contributions. 13). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-1103-0642-2 .
  • Sven Felix Kellerhoff : Home Front. The fall of the ideal world - Germany in the First World War . Bastei Lübbe, Cologne 2014, ISBN 978-3-8387-5621-9 .
  • Yury Winterberg , Sonya Winterberg : Kollwitz. The biography . C. Bertelsmann, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-570-10202-2 .
  • Yvonne Schymura: Käthe Kollwitz. Love, war and art . CH Beck, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-4066-9871-2 .
  • Claire C. Whitner: Käthe Kollwitz and the Krieg Cycle . In this. (Ed.): Käthe Kollwitz and the Women of War: Femininity, Identity, and Art in Germany During World Wars I and II . Yale University Press, New Haven (Connecticut) 2016, ISBN 978-0-3002-1999-9 , pp. 101-112.
  • Roswitha Mair: Käthe Kollwitz: A life against any convention. Novel biography. Herder, Freiburg 2017, ISBN 978-3-451-81206-4 .
  • Ulrike Koch: "I found out about it from Fritz Klatt" - Käthe Kollwitz and Fritz Klatt . In: Käthe Kollwitz and her friends: Catalog for the special exhibition on the occasion of the 150th birthday of Käthe Kollwitz . Edited by the Käthe Kollwitz Museum Berlin. Lukas, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-8673-2282-9 .
  • Peter Reinicke : Kollwitz, Hans , in: Hugo Maier (Ed.): Who is who of social work . Freiburg: Lambertus, 1998 ISBN 3-7841-1036-3 , p. 316

Web links

Commons : Hans Kollwitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Käthe Kollwitz: Letters to the Son 1904 to 1945. Edited by Jutta Bohnke-Kollwitz. Siedler, Berlin 1992, p. 293.
  2. ↑ a b c Dietrich Seidlitz: Dr. Hans Kollwitz . In: Weblog Lichtenrader Internet newspaper, on: lichtenrade-berlin.de, accessed on October 21, 2018.
  3. ^ Käthe Kollwitz . In: Munzinger Biographie Online, on: munzinger.de
  4. ↑ Register of persons ( memento of the original from March 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Käthe Kollwitz Museum Cologne , on: kollwitz.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kollwitz.de
  5. ↑ Ingeborg Ruthe: How Käthe Kollwitz 'grandson fights for the legacy of the grandmother . In: Berliner Kurier, June 3, 2017, on: berliner-kurier.de
  6. ↑ a b c Peter Dudek: Fetish youth. Walter Benjamin and Siegfried Bernfeld - youth protest on the eve of the First World War . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2002, ISBN 978-3-7815-1226-9 , pp. 45-46.
  7. ^ Gideon Botsch, Josef Haverkamp: Youth Movement, Anti-Semitism and Right-Wing Politics. From the “Freideutschen Jugendtag” to the present . (= European-Jewish studies - contributions 13). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-1103-0642-2 ; P. 80.
  8. ^ Yury Winterberg, Sonya Winterberg: Kollwitz. The biography . C. Bertelsmann, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-570-10202-2 , p. 90.
  9. ↑ a b Ulrike Koch: "I found out about it from Fritz Klatt" - Käthe Kollwitz and Fritz Klatt . In: Käthe Kollwitz and her friends: Catalog for the special exhibition on the occasion of the 150th birthday of Käthe Kollwitz . Edited by the Käthe Kollwitz Museum Berlin. Lukas, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-8673-2282-9 , p. 65 ff.
  10. ^ Anna M. Lazzarino Del Grosso: Poverty and wealth in the thinking of Gerhoh von Reichersberg . CH Beck, Munich 1973. p. 83.
  11. ↑ Vanessa Tirzah Hautmann: Cultivated instinctual life. Sexuality and gender morality in the youth magazine »Der Anfang« . In: Karl Braun, John Khairi-Taraki, Felix Linzner: Avant-garde of biopolitics. Youth movement, life reform and strategies of biological "armament" . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2017, ISBN 978-3-8470-0740-1 , pp. 19–32.
  12. ↑ Peter Kollwitz: Fell in 1914 at the age of only 18 . In: vrtNWS, October 22, 2014, on: vrt.be
  13. ↑ Ulrich Grober : The short life of Peter Kollwitz. Report of a search for clues . In: Die Zeit , November 22, 1996, on: zeit.de
  14. ↑ a b Käthe Kollwitz: The diaries. Edited by Jutta Bohnke-Kollwitz. Siedler, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-88680-251-5 , pp. 145 f.
  15. ↑ Thomas Nipperdey : German History 1800–1966 , Volume 1: Citizens' World and Strong State , CH Beck, Munich 1983, p. 508.
  16. ↑ Maria Derenda: Art as a Profession: Käthe Kollwitz and Elena Luksch-Makowskaja . Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2018, ISBN 978-3-5935-0830-6 , p. 380.
  17. ↑ Christian Jansen (Ed.): From the task of freedom: Political responsibility and civil society in the 19th and 20th centuries. Festschrift for Hans Mommsen on November 5, 1995 . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-0500-7173-2 , p. 665.
  18. ^ Käthe Kollwitz (1867–1945) . In: Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, Digital Collection, on: staatsgalerie.de
  19. ↑ a b c Hans Kollwitz . In: Käthe Kollwitz Museum Cologne , on: kollwitz.de
  20. ↑ a b c Iris Berndt, Isabell Flemming: Käthe Kollwitz in Berlin. A city tour . Lukas, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-8673-2207-2 , p. 43.
  21. ↑ The Berlin address books archived in the Central State Library in Berlin from 1920 to 1943 list the doctor Dr. Hans Kollwitz as owner of the house at Waldweg 29 in Berlin-Lichtenrade. He is registered as the owner of the house at Waldweg 30 in 1930/31, after which the owners change. Most recently it belonged to the widow K. Geier. From 1939, Dr. Hans Kollwitz registered as owner again.
  22. ↑ Gottfried Sello: Highly praised and highly paid . In: Die Zeit, No. 28 (1967), July 14, 1967, on: zeit.de
  23. ↑ Alice Profé . In: Charité, Ärztinnen im Kaiserreich, on: charite.de
  24. ^ Gravesite Ottilie and Hans Kollwitz , Heidefriedhof Berlin-Mariendorf, field A VI.
personal data
SURNAME Kollwitz, Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German medic
DATE OF BIRTH May 14, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg
DATE OF DEATH 22nd September 1971
Place of death Berlin-Dahlem