Melnikowo (Kaliningrad)
| settlement
Melnikowo
Rudau Мельниково
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.svg)
Melnikowo ( Russian Мельниково , German Rudau, Kreis Fischhausen / Samland , Lithuanian Rūdava ) is a place in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad in the Zelenogradsk Rajon . It belongs to the Zelenogradsk municipal self-government unit . The Jaxen branch , which was incorporated into Rudau in 1904, also belongs to Melnikowo .
Geographical location
Melnikovo located 17 kilometers north of the Oblasthauptstadt Kaliningrad (Konigsberg) and nine kilometers south of the county town Zelenogradsk (Cranz) on the river Slawnaja (Kintaubach) . A side road leads through the place, which connects Kaschtanowka (Mollehnen) on the Russian trunk road A 191 (former German Reichsstraße 128 ) with Nisowka (Nadrau) . Kaschtanowka is also the nearest train station and is on the Kaliningrad – Zelenogradsk – Pionersky railway line (Koenigsberg – Cranz – Neukuhren) .
Place name
The name Rudau is probably derived from the Prussian rūda for red-brown and should mean something like "rusty or colored pool".
The name Melnikowo is derived from the Russian melnitsa for mill and referred to the Rudauer Mühle and the Laptauer Mühle, both of which were located in the Melnikowski village soviet established in 1947.
history
Rudau
The old church village of Rudau was founded in 1258 and first mentioned in a document in 1274. The area around Rudau was already inhabited in the first millennium BC. The Teutonic Order built a castle in 1274 on a sacrificial site in the region populated by Prussia (in their language the place name Rudowe / Rudau means something like "rusty or colored lake") . In 1291 Rudau was prescribed to an Ulmann with a jug and a mill . The costly Battle of Rudau took place on February 17, 1370 during the Lithuanian Wars between the order and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the northern area of Rudau. An official jug mentioned in 1670 was called "Blauer Krug" in 1791. On September 4, 1797, a fire destroyed almost the entire village, and within a few minutes 23 buildings, including the barns filled with the harvest, burned down.
On June 13, 1874, Rudau became the seat and eponymous place of a newly established administrative district , which belonged to the district of Fischhausen (1939 to 1945 district of Samland ) in the administrative district of Königsberg in the Prussian province of East Prussia . In 1910 there were 577 inhabitants in Rudau.
As early as November 27, 1896, Rudau was enlarged by incorporating the Heybüchen property (which no longer exists today). This was followed by the incorporation of the Jaxen estate on June 25, 1904, the Sandhof estate on September 26, 1905 (no longer existent) and the Backeln estate on September 30, 1928 (today in Russian: Kudrinka). The population rose to 1,010 by 1933 and was already 1,052 in 1939.
Jaxen
Before 1945, the former Gutsdorf Jaxen consisted of just one large farm. 36 people lived here in 1895. On 13 June 1874, the village came to the newly formed District Laptau (now Russian: Muromskoje), which in Fischhausen district in the administrative district of Konigsberg the Prussian province of East Prussia was. On October 2nd, 1903, it was officially established that Jaxen was part of the Grünhoff estate (now Russian: Roschtschino). Only a few months later - on June 25, 1904 - Jaxen was reorganized into the district of Rudau (Melnikowo) and incorporated into the rural community of Rudau.
Rudau District (1874–1945)
Initially, there were four localities in the Rudau district:
| German name | Russian name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Rural community : | ||
| Rudau | Melnikovo | |
| Manor districts: | ||
| Heybüchen | 1896 incorporated into the rural community of Rudau | |
| Maldaites | Fyodorovo | 1926 incorporated into the rural community of Rudau |
| Sandhof | ||
| from 1904: Jaxen | Melnikovo |
until 1904: Laptau district , 1904 incorporated into the rural community of Rudau |
| from 1928: baking | Kudrinka |
until 1928 district Schugsten , 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Rudau |
Due to the various restructurings, only the municipality of Rudau belonged to the district named after it on January 1, 1945.
Melnikovo
As a result of the Second World War , Rudau came to the Soviet Union with all of northern East Prussia and was given the name Melnikowo in 1947. At the same time the place became the seat of a village soviet in Primorsk Raion . After the dissolution of the village soviet in 1959, the place came into the village soviet or village district Muromski selski Sowet (okrug) . From 2005 to 2015 the place belonged to the rural municipality Kovrovskoje selskoje posselenije and since then to the city district Zelenogradsk.
Melnikowski selski Sowet 1947–1959
The village soviet Melnikowski selski Sowet (ru. Мельниковский сельский Совет) was established in June 1947 in Primorsk Raion . In 1959 the village soviet was dissolved and largely incorporated into the newly formed Muromski selski Sowet ( Nisowka and Wassilkowo became part of the Wischnjowski selski Sowet ).
The following 19 places belonged to the village soviet:
| Place name | Name until 1947/50 | Year of renaming |
|---|---|---|
| Fyodorowo (Фёдорово) | Maldaites | 1950 |
| Iskrowo (Искрово) | Ringels | 1950 |
| Karassino (Карасино) | Wittehen | 1947 |
| Kashtanovka (Каштановка) | Mollehnen | 1947 |
| Korchagino (Корчагино) | Tiedtken | 1950 |
| Krasnoflotskoje (Краснофлотское) | Baskets | 1947 |
| Kudrinka (Кудринка) | Baking | 1947 |
| Melnikowo (Мельниково) | Rudau | 1947 |
| Motevelowo (Мотевелово) | Mogahn | 1947 |
| Nadeschdino (Надеждино) | Barley | 1950 |
| Nisowka (Низовка) | Nadrau | 1947 |
| Priosjornoje (Приозёрное) | Gidauten | 1947 |
| Sashchitnoye (Защитное) | Georgshöhe | 1950 |
| Serjoschkino (Серёжкино) | Sergitten | 1950 |
| Sirenewo (Сиренево) | Eisselbitten | 1950 |
| Swjaginzewo (Звягинцево) | Waschke | 1950 |
| Wassilkowo (Васильково) | Cherry tendons | 1947 |
| Vershinino (Вершинино) | Pluttwinnen | 1947 |
| Wetrowo (Ветрово) | E-riding | 1947 |
Rudau Castle
There was a hill fort near Rudau, which included a nearby sacrificial site. Here the Teutonic Order built a permanent house around 1263, which was expanded into a castle . There is next to no news about this castle, not even about its decay. In 1723 only a few pieces of wall were found that might indicate remains of foundations in the ground.
church
Church building
Coming from Kaschtanowka (Moellehnen) , the street comes directly to the 14th-century religious order church on a small hill, surrounded by the former cemetery area. A chapel stood here as early as 1370. The church is a plastered field stone building. Inside was the armor of the Order Marshal Henning Schindekopf , who was killed in the Battle of Rudau . Parts of this armor are said to have been brought to the Quednau church later .
Until the 1980s, the Rudau Church, which remained undamaged in World War II, was used as a grain storage and drying hall. After that, the building was abandoned. Today only the outer walls of the tower and the nave, which are in great danger of collapsing, have been preserved without a roof.
Parish
Rudau is said to have been a church village as early as 1321, according to unconfirmed reports. There are no reports from the pre-Reformation period. The reformatic teaching found its way here quite early. For many years the parish was then part of the Schaaken inspection (today in Russian: Schemtschuschnoje). Until 1945, however, it was incorporated into the church district of Königsberg-Land II (north of the Pregel ) within the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
Today Melnikowo is located in the catchment area of the Evangelical Lutheran congregation in Selenogradsk (Cranz) , a subsidiary of the Resurrection Church in Kaliningrad (Königsberg) in the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .
Parish locations (until 1945)
Until 1945, 30 places belonged to the parish of Rudau:
| German name | Russian name | German name | Russian name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adamsheide | Michelau | Kamenka | ||
| Blue flower | Mogahn | Motevelowo | ||
| Dammwalde | Nadrau | Nisovka | ||
| Doll germ | Kowrowo | Nautzau | Kowrowo | |
| Eisselbitten | Sirenewo | Pluttwinnen | Vershinino | |
| E-riding | Wetrowo | Perkuiken | ||
| Friedrichswalde | Kolzowo | Ringels | Iskrowo | |
| Georgshöhe | Saschitnoye | Rudau | Melnikovo | |
| Barley | Nadeschdino | Sandhof | ||
| Grünhoff | Roschtschino | Saßlauken | ||
| Heybüchen | Sergitten | Serjoschkino | ||
| Jaxen | Melnikovo | Sporwitten | ||
| Cherry tendons | Vasilkovo | Tiedtken | Korchagino | |
| Kemsie | Weischkitten | Sokolniki | ||
| Maldaites | Fyodorovo | Wittehen | Karassino |
Pastor (until 1945)
From the Reformation to 1945, 27 evangelical clergy were in office in Rudau:
|
|
Church records
The documents on the baptisms between the years 1833 and 1876 have been preserved from the church registers for the parish of Rudau. They are kept in the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin-Kreuzberg .
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
- Karl Kollwitz (born June 13, 1863 in Rudau, † 1940), Berlin doctor for the poor, city councilor (SPD) and husband of the painter and sculptor Käthe Kollwitz.
Connected to the place
- Albert Borowski (1876–1945), German social democratic politician, lived in Rudau after the National Socialists seized power and died here when the Red Army marched in in January 1945.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ^ Location information East Prussia picture archive: Rudau
- ^ History of Rudau and local Prussian ramparts at ostpreussen.net
- ↑ a b Rolf Jehke, Rudau District
- ↑ a b Uli Schubert, community register, district Fischhausen
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Samland district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ location information Picture Archive Prussia: Jaxen
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Laptau district
- ↑ a b The Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 июня 1947 г. "Об образовании сельских советов, городов и рабочих поселков в Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 17 June 1947: On the Formation of village Soviets , Cities and workers' settlements in Kaliningrad Oblast)
- ↑ Information on http://www.klgd.ru/
- ↑ Johannes Voigt : History of Prussia, from the oldest times to the decline of the rule of the Teutonic Order . Volume 5: The time from Grand Master Ludolf König von Weizau in 1342 to the death of Grand Master Konrad von Wallenrod in 1393 . Königsberg 1832, p. 506.
- ^ Friedrich August Vossberg : History of the Prussian coins and seals from the oldest times to the end of the rule of the Teutonic Order . Berlin 1843, p.34 .
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento from August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (Russian / German)
- ↑ Patrick Plew, The churches in Samland
- ↑ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Protestant Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg, 1968, page 123
- ↑ Christa Stache, Directory of the Church Books in the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin , Part I: The Eastern Church Provinces of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union , Berlin, 1992³, page 103