Roschtschino (Kaliningrad, Zelenogradsk)
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Roschtschino
Grünhoff Рощино
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Roschtschino ( Russian Рощино , German Grünhoff ) is a place in the Kaliningrad Oblast within the Russian Federation . It belongs to the local government unit Stadtkreis Selenogradsk in Zelenogradsky District .
Geographical location
Roschtschino located south-west edge of the earlier so-called Gallwaldes and 14 kilometers from Selenogradsk (Cranz) and 22 kilometers from Kaliningrad (Konigsberg) removed. The regional road 27K-013 (ex A192 ) runs through the place , and in the north the place borders on the Primorskoje Kolzo (coastal motorway ring). Roschtschino is a station on the Kaliningrad – Zelenogradsk – Pionersky railway line (Königsberg – Cranz – Neukuhren) .
history
Already at the beginning of the 14th century horses of the knights grazed near a Prussian sanctuary in the Grünhoff forest . Towards the end of the 14th century, the Samland was divided into two nursing districts , one of which was Grünhoff's seat (for the western part of the Samland). The high masters of the order valued the area as a hunting ground. In 1414 a Grunenhoff stud was mentioned for the first time - with up to 130 animals. It was not until Elector Friedrich Wilhelm I that, alongside Ragnit (today in Russian: Neman), the largest of the 13 East Prussian stud farms was abolished . During the Reformation, the caretakers changed into main offices, but the term “caretaker” was retained until the 17th century when it was replaced by the “burgrave”.
On June 13, 1874, the former village and estate named Grünhoff became the eponymous place and seat of an administrative district that existed until 1945 and belonged to the Fischhausen district (1939 to 1945 Samland district ) in the Königsberg district of the Prussian province of East Prussia . In 1893 the village of Grünhoff ( Königlich Grünhoff in distinction to Gut Adlig Grünhoff) was incorporated into the rural community of Pokirren (no longer existing today). On October 7, 1910, the Vorwerk Radnicken (today in Russian: Rodniki) was removed from the Grünhoff estate with the dismantling of Kupzau and transformed into an independent estate district. Grünhoff's population in the same year was 343.
On September 30, 1928, the estate district Grünhoff, the rural community Pokirren and the rural community Schupönen (today Russian: Schumnoje), which belonged to the district Woytnicken (Russian: Wolodino, no longer existent), merged to form the new rural community Grünhoff. The population was 513 in 1933 and 471 in 1939.
As a result of the Second World War , northern East Prussia and with it Grünhoff came to the Soviet Union . The place received the Russian name Roschtschino in 1947 and was assigned at the same time to the village soviet Romanovsky selski sovet in Primorsk Raion . Later the place came to the Vishnevsky selski Sowet . From 2005 to 2015 Roschtschino belonged to the rural municipality Kovrovskoje selskoje posselenije and since then to the city district Zelenogradsk.
Grünhoff district (1874–1945)
For more than 70 years, Grünhoff was the district village of a district in which several villages were incorporated and which was expanded by two more in 1930:
| Surname | Russian name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| LG Grünhoff (Royal ~) | Roschtschino | In 1893 incorporated into the rural community of Pokirren |
| GB Grünhoff (noble ~) | Roschtschino | 1928 incorporated into the new rural community Grünhoff |
| GB Pokirren | 1928 incorporated into the new rural community Grünhoff | |
| from 1930: LG Eisseln | Beregovoye | (previously Pobethen district ) |
| from 1930: LG Michelau | Kamenka | (previously Michelau district) |
(LG = rural community, GB = manor district)
On January 1, 1945, the three communities Eisseln, Grünhoff and Michelau still belonged to the Grünhoff district due to the restructuring.
Grünhoff Castle
Originally there was a religious house in Grünhoff, but there are no records about it. A hunting lodge was mentioned between 1623 and 1644, which was used by the Brandenburg Electors Georg Wilhelm and Friedrich Wilhelm (the "Great Elector").
Towards the end of the 17th century, the Brandenburg Elector and Prussian Duke Friedrich III. (later King Friedrich I.) build a castle in Grünhoff. Court architect Christian Eltester provided the design . It was a one-story building with an oval garden room. In 1850/54 master builder Mohr from Königsberg redesigned the building in a late Classicist style. A stair tower was added, an upper floor was raised and an asymmetrical side wing was added.
In 1815 Grünhoff and the Vorwerke Radnicken (today in Russian: Rodniki), Kupzau (no longer existent) and Nautzau (Kowrowo) were bequeathed as a royal gift to General Friedrich Wilhelm Graf Bülow von Dennewitz . At the time, the area comprised 8,700 acres, including 2,900 acres of forest and 700 acres of meadows.
Grünhoff Castle survived the Second World War. Today, however, the building is in a ruinous condition. After a change of ownership in 2015, renovation work began.
church
The majority of Grünhoff's population before 1945 was of the Protestant denomination. The village was parish in the parish of the village church Pobethen (today Russian: Romanowo), which belonged to the parish of Fischhausen (Primorsk) within the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . Today Roschtschino is in the catchment area of the Evangelical Lutheran congregation in Zelenogradsk (Cranz) , which was newly established in the 1990s . It is a subsidiary of the Church of the Resurrection in Kaliningrad (Königsberg) in the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .
school
Before 1945 there was a primary school in Grünhoff.
Web links
- Roschtschino on bankgorodov.ru
- History of the castle on grunhoff.ru (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ Grünhoff. Location information Photo archive East Prussia
- ^ Rolf Jehke: Grünhoff district .
- ↑ Uli Schubert: Community directory, district of Fischhausen
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Samland district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 ноября 1947 г. «О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Ordinance of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR "On the Renaming of Places in Kaliningrad Oblast" of November 17, 1947)
- ↑ Rolf Jehke, Grünhoff district (as above)
- ↑ Heinrich Lange: The castle of General Count Bülow von Dennewitz . In: Berlin monthly magazine ( Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein ) . Issue 5, 2001, ISSN 0944-5560 , p. 4–13 ( luise-berlin.de ).
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento from August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (Russian / German)