Lesnoi (Kaliningrad, Zelenogradsk)

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settlement
Lesnoi
Zarkau

Лесной
Federal district Northwest Russia
Oblast Kaliningrad
Rajon Zelenogradsk
Earlier names Sarkau (until 1946)
population 344 inhabitants
(as of Oct. 14, 2010)
Height of the center m
Time zone UTC + 2
Telephone code (+7) 40150
Post Code 238534
License Plate 39, 91
OKATO 27 215 818 001
Geographical location
Coordinates 55 ° 1 ′  N , 20 ° 37 ′  E Coordinates: 55 ° 0 ′ 45 ″  N , 20 ° 37 ′ 0 ″  E
Lesnoi (Kaliningrad, Zelenogradsk) (European Russia)
Red pog.svg
Location in the western part of Russia
Lesnoi (Kaliningrad, Zelenogradsk) (Kaliningrad Oblast)
Red pog.svg
Location in Kaliningrad Oblast

Lesnoi ( Russian Лесной , about "forest village" ; until 1946 German Sarkau ; Prussian Sarkaw, Lithuanian Šarkuva ) is a village in the Selenogradsk Raion of the Russian Oblast of Kaliningrad and belongs to the municipal self-government unit of the city of Selenogradsk . It had a German population until 1944 and around 350 Russian residents today. The place is on the Curonian Spit , at the narrowest point of the spit at around 350 m.

history

Sarkau (from Prussian sarke for Elster ) is probably one of the oldest settlements on the Spit (Curonian grave fields in the Sarkau area). The first historical mention can be found in 1362 in the Prussian document book. In 1408 an inn on the post road to Memel / Klaipėda is mentioned. The bird population was very large. A privilege from 1656 says that for a bird herd, crow and thrush catch, the interest of 1 thaler and 6 groschen had to be paid annually. The population of the spit improved their diet by eating black birds, which should taste like pigeons. The birds were caught with nets and killed quickly and painlessly with a bite to the head. Therefore, the Sarkauer "were crows biter " (Krajebieter) called. The fishing season lasted from October to December, the catch was 60–100 heads per day, mostly hooded crows. Later, the crows were not only used to enrich their own menu, but were also offered by the Sarkauers on the market in Cranz and Königsberg and sold to hotels and restaurants, sometimes as crows, but also under names such as "Spit pigeons" or "Sarkau geese".

From the time of the German knights , there was a famous falconry in the Sarkau area (Försterei Grenz) well into the 18th century, which delivered falcons to many European courts. More precise figures about the history are available since about 1531/1532 with the Schaakener official accounts. After that, the innkeeper and 35 fishermen and 12 Insten (semi-fishermen) lived in the village of Sarkau. In 1569 the official account shows 2 Kruger (innkeepers), 32 fishermen and 19 semi-fishermen. From around 1570 the first signs of silting up by shifting dunes became noticeable and the place, like many other places on the spit, was relocated. The old Sarkau was about 1.5 km north of today's location.

Silting up and plague were the greatest plagues that plagued the spit. Due to the increasing impoverishment, the Sarkau fishermen were given the privilege to fish in the entire Curonian Lagoon. Other fishing villages were only allowed to fish in designated parts of the lagoon. The local fish master watched over the observance of the fishing rights. Fishing in the villages of the Curonian Spit was mainly carried out in the lagoon, but also in the Baltic Sea. Because of the particularly narrow spit here, Sarkau was the only village to have both a lagoon and a lake beach directly on site. Flounder and turbot were mainly caught in the Baltic Sea, but Sarkau also had significant catches of cod and salmon.

At the end of the 18th century the Sarkau fishermen became "nomad fishermen". They left their place in the spring and settled in the summer in places where the fishery promised a good catch. It wasn't until a good 100 years later with the burgeoning tourism that the fishermen from Sarkau settled down again.

In 1811 the reforestation of the spit began between Cranz and Sarkau to protect against the shifting dunes by the chief plantation inspector Sören Biörn .

On the night of December 3rd to 4th, 1924, 13 fishermen from Sarkau were killed in a violent storm in the Baltic Sea. Given the size of the place, numerous families lost their fathers and sons as breadwinners in this tragedy. Across the entire German Empire, collections were made for the Sarkau families and an aid organization was set up that could pay out a modest pension to the bereaved. In memory of this accident, the Sarkau fishermen's monument was inaugurated 10 years later in 1934, which was located in the center of the village on the village street. It no longer exists today.

Until 1944, Sarkau remained a fishing village with a small spa and bathing establishment. Above all, smoked flounders from the numerous smoke pits in the town were valued. These received their special smoky note by adding pine cones for smoking.

The population fled from the advancing Red Army in late 1944 and January 1945 .

With the affiliation to the RSFSR in 1945, the place name was changed to Lesnoi . Many holiday homes and dachas have been built here since the 1990s.

Political Affiliation

From 1874 to 1945 Sarkau was incorporated into the administrative district of Rossitten (today Russian: Rybatschi), and until 1939 the village belonged to the Fischhausen district (today Primorsk ); from 1939 to 1945 the district of Samland , which was formed on April 1, 1939 from the two districts of Fischhausen and Königsberg-Land.

Because it belonged to the Soviet Union from 1945 onwards, the village, now called Lesnoi, was part of the newly formed Primorsk Raion in Kaliningrad Oblast . Since 1947 the place was administered by the settlement Soviet or the settlement administration of Rybachi . From 2000 to 2005 Lesnoi was apparently the seat of a village district. From 2005 to 2015 the place belonged to the rural community of Curonian Spit, administered from Rybatschi. Since then, Lesnoi has belonged to the Zelenogradsk district.

Population development

year Residents
1910 511
1933 645
1939 705
2002 509
2010 344

church

Church building

A former fishermen's church was replaced by a new brick church in 1901 . Empress Auguste Viktoria donated a silver Bible especially for them . The north-south direction of the church was unusual, the tower was in the north.

During and after the Second World War , only the nave remained of the church. It was repurposed and used as a warehouse by a fishing kolkhoz, which was demolished after 1965. A culture house was built on the foundations, and some old parts of the wall were also used. The question of whether the Russian Orthodox Church will take over the building is open.

Since the 2000s there has been a Russian Orthodox church in Lesnoi, which is dedicated to St. Pantaleon .

Parish

Sarkau was an old church village that already existed in the pre-Reformation period. From the arrival of the Reformation until 1551 it was supplied from Rossitten (today Russian: Rybatschi), then until 1808 from Kunzen (Russian: Krasnoretschje, no longer existent today). Then Sarkau was again a branch church of Rossitten and belonged to the parish of Königsberg-Land II in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . Within this church district, Sarkau changed again in 1885, when it was re-parish to Cranz (today Russian: Selenogradsk). In 1897 belonged to the parish of Sarkau (with the parish of Grenz, which no longer exists today) 415 parishioners.

Since the 1990s there has been an Evangelical Lutheran congregation in Zelenogradsk (Cranz) , to whose catchment area Lesnoi today belongs. The pastoral care lies with the clergy of the Resurrection Church in Kaliningrad (Königsberg) within the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .

Attractions

Today Lesnoi has a modest, mostly Russian tourism again. The Kurschskaya Kossa hotel is located in the village , as is an ecotourism office in the old school building. About two kilometers to the north there is a local history and spit museum on the lagoon side. A Russian bank has built a glamorous guest house on the lagoon.

Individual evidence

  1. Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
  2. ^ Rolf Jehke, Rossitten District
  3. According to OKATO amendments 28/2000 and 59/2002.
  4. census data
  5. ^ Lesnoi-Sarkau at ostpreussen.net
  6. Information on http://temples.ru/
  7. ^ Friedwald Moeller: Old Prussian Evangelical Pastors' Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945. Hamburg 1968, p. 123.
  8. ^ Location information East Prussia picture archive: border
  9. ^ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty of Kaliningrad ( Memento of August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )

literature

  • AD Beljaewa, VL Beljaewa: Look into the past of the Curonian Spit. KGT, Kaliningrad 2004, ISBN 5-87869-121-3 .
  • Grasilda Blažiene: The Baltic place names. (= Hydronymia Europaea. Special Volume II). Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-515-07830-4 .
  • G. Gerullis: The old Prussian place names. Berlin / Leipzig 1922.
  • Georg Hermanowski: East Prussia Lexicon. Adam Kraft Verlag, Mannheim 1980, ISBN 3-86047-186-4 .
  • Hans-Heinrich Mittelstaedt: History of the Epha Family (1641-1970). Hamburg 1979.
  • Hans Mortensen, Gertrud Mortensen: The settlement of northeastern East Prussia up to the beginning of the 17th century. Part 1: The Prussian-German settlement on the western edge of the Great Wilderness around 1400 (= Germany and the East. Volume 7). Hirzel, Leipzig 1937, DNB 580767485 .
  • Richard Pietsch, (artistic design and text): picture map around the Curonian Lagoon. Local book service Georg Banszerus, Höxter, production: Neue Stalling, Oldenburg.
  • Richard Pietsch: Fishermen's life on the Curonian Spit shown in Curonian and German. Ulrich Camen Verlag, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-921515-09-2 .